低氮促进红发夫酵母合成虾青素机理的研究

培养基中初始氮(硫酸铵)浓度对红发夫酵母虾青素合成有明显的影响,低氮能够促进红发夫酵母合成虾青素.运用代谢通量分析的方法,定量分析不同氮浓度下红发夫酵母的中心碳代谢表明:生成乙酰辅酶A的反应的通量与合成虾青素反应的通量正相关,并且这两个通量都随培养基中初始氮浓度的降低而升高.这说明乙酰辅酶A是红发夫酵母合成虾青素的一个限制因素.进一步测定红发夫酵母丙酮酸代谢相关酶的活性表明:参与丙酮酸脱氢酶旁路的两种酶--乙醛脱氢酶和乙酰辅酶A合成酶在红发夫酵母中的活性极低;然而,柠檬酸裂解酶的活性较高,并且与红发夫酵母虾青素的合成明显呈正相关.该结果说明,柠檬酸裂解反应决定着红发夫酵母细胞质中乙酰辅酶A的供给,从而显著影响着其虾青素的合成.低氮条件能够提高柠檬酸裂解酶的活性和限制蛋白质的合成,从而增加乙酰辅酶A的供给,促进红发夫酵母合成虾青素.     

法夫酵母中虾青素的稳定性研究

采用贮藏试验对碱法破壁酵母类胡萝卜素的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明，不同贮藏条件下，酵母色素连续以两个速度常数不同的一级方程进行降解（k1〉k2）。第一个一级反应主要反映受损脂肪粒中类胡萝卜紊的变化，第二个反应主要反映未受损脂肪粒中类胡萝卜素的变化。比较不同贮藏条件下的试验结果及各个动力学方程的速度常数，表明采用低温、避光、隔氧及添加抗氧化剂有利于提高酵母色素的存留率，而酵母水分（〈12％）及矿物盐对之影响不大。     

法夫酵母产虾青素的摇瓶工艺

以法夫酵母 (Phaffiarhodozyma)WSS -FF6为产生菌进行摇瓶条件下的类胡萝卜素 (主要为虾青素 )发酵条件研究 .正交试验表明 :葡萄糖质量分数对酵母产色素影响较大 ,在起始 pH值为 6,培养温度 2 2℃ ,葡萄糖 3 .0 %、尿素 0 .1 %、磷酸二氢钾 0 .6%、玉米浆 0 .6%的培养基下经过72h、2 2 0r/min摇瓶发酵 ,其生物量为 6.58mg/mL ,类胡萝卜素产量为 1 4.92 μg/mL ,其中虾青素占 78% .     

法夫酵母产虾青素的补料发酵

以法夫酵母 (Phaffiarhodozyma)WSS FF6为产生菌进行产虾青素的补料发酵 ,在通气量为 2 5 0L/h、pH =6.0± 0 .5的条件下 ,先流加高糖浓度的培养基 ,后添加 0 .1%乙醇 ,进行分批补料发酵 ,经 130h发酵后 ,生物量与类胡萝卜素产量分别为 2 7.4mg/mL、2 6.12 μg/mL ,生长得率、产物得率及酵母色素质量分数分别为 0 .4 6、0 .4 4和 0 .95     

法夫酵母低聚糖的结构分析

法夫酵母发酵生产的低聚糖经高效液相色谱分离纯化后经质谱和核磁共振分析,结果表明该低聚糖为相对分子质量504 000的β-D-呋喃果糖(2→6)-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖(2→1)-β-D-呋喃果糖,即新科斯糖.     

苋色藜细胞培养产生的天然红色素性质及其稳定性

从苋色藜 (ChenopodiumAmaranticolor)的愈伤组织中提取天然红色素 .此色素对热较敏感 ,对紫外线不敏感 ,在 pH 5～ 1 0稳定 ,Fe3 、Cu2 和氧化剂对其有破坏作用 ,Fe2 、Al3 和还原剂有一定的保护作用 .比较MS和B5 培养基 ,前者对苋色藜愈伤组织产色素有利 .     

黑米色素分子结构解析

用纸层析、紫外一可见扫描及气相色谱结合的方法，对黑米色素的分子结构进行鉴定结果表明样品９１－５３黑米色素为水溶性花色苷类化合物，由矢车菊花色素－３－鼠李糖苷和芍药花色素－３－阿拉伯糖苷等５种色素化合物组成，其颜色呈玫瑰红色，可以作为一种具有天然保健功能的色素添加剂。     

微生物转化生产木糖醇中工业化原料培养基组成的优化

对用酵母转化木糖醇中工业化原料培养基组成的优化进行了较系统的研究，研究中采用了Ｐｌａｃｋｅｔｔ－Ｂｕｒｍａｎ［１］和响应曲面法，得到了一个完全用工业化原料组成的优化培养基，摇瓶转化率最高达８０．４％。实验结果表明，在保持较高转化率的前提下，发酵培养基可以采用较廉价的工业化原料。     

理化处理对啤酒酵母自溶的影响

利用酵母自溶动力学方程考察了温度、破壁酶、酵母预处理、酵母初始质量分数、盐等理化因素对啤酒酵母自溶过程的影响.温度对酵母自溶速度有很大影响.通过回归分析得到不同体系中反映自溶温度和速度常数关系的Arrhenius方程及相应的自溶反应的活化能Ea；破壁预处理能显著加速酵母自溶，添加破壁复合酶或食盐均有利于加速酵母自溶反应，但两者复合添加有相互抑制作用；酵母初始质量分数对自溶影响不大.     

酵母单细胞蛋白絮凝分离的研究

本文提出了分离酵母单细胞蛋白的一种新方法——用絮凝沉降法分离酵母单细胞蛋白;研究了鞣酸+A对酵母细胞的絮凝作用。探讨鞣酸+A絮凝酵母细胞的机理;较为系统地研究了环境因素对鞣酸+A絮凝酵母细胞的影响;首次将质心映射优化法(CMO法)和响应面法(RSM法)结合起来,运用计算机优化了絮凝条件,并就鞣酸+A对酵母细胞的絮凝作用进行表征;通过对酵母细胞表面的X-射线能谱分析,证实金属离子Ca~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Mn~(2+)和K~+参与了鞣酸+A对酵母细胞的絮凝作用。通过鞣酸+A絮凝酵母细胞的小试研究,可以认为采用絮凝沉降法分离酵母单细胞蛋白是可行的,且节能效果显著,具有较大的现实意义。     

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor expression profile in human gastric cancer cells: differential regulation on the migration and proliferation

INTRODUCTION: Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysophospholipid, derived from activated platelet, that is known to induce diverse cellular responses through at least five G-protein-coupled receptors on various cell types. Abnormal platelet and coagulation activation is often seen in patients with gastric cancer. However, neither the effects of this platelet-derived mediator S1P nor the distribution of S1P receptors on the gastric cancer cell are fully understood. The aim of this study was to examine the possible role of S1P and its receptors in the progression of gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We characterized the expression profiles of S1P receptors in nine human gastric cancer cell lines and evaluated the relationship between the responses to S1P and its receptor expression on cell migration by modified Boyden chamber and cell proliferation by MTS assay. RESULTS: Northern blotting analysis has revealed that S1P2 was expressed in all gastric cancer cell lines to varying degrees, and S1P3 was expressed in four cell lines. S1P1 expression was weak, and no significant expression of either S1P4 or S1P5 was detected. The addition of S1P markedly stimulated the migration of MKN1 and HCG-27 that dominantly expressed S1P3, and the effect was potently inhibited by pertussis toxin or wortmannin. In contrast, SIP significantly inhibited the migration of AZ-521 that expressed S1P2 exclusively. This indicates that the balance between S1P2- and S1P3-mediated signals might be critical in determining the metastatic response of gastric cancer cells to S1P. S1P elicited weak but significant antiproliferative effects on all of the three cell lines, although the effects were not major. In these cells, S1P induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation with transient Akt dephosphorylation that may cause the weak effects on proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the S1P receptor expression may critically determine the biological behavior of gastric cancers and thus therapeutic interventions directed at each S1P receptor might be clinically effective in preventing metastasis in gastric cancer.     

P53蛋白表达与乳腺癌预后相关的病理参数的相关性

目的观察P53蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及预后相关的病理参数之间的关系.方法采用免疫组化法检测69例乳腺癌P53、ER、PR的表达.结果69例乳腺癌P53蛋白表达阳性率47.8%、ER 75.4%、PR 69.6%.P53蛋白表达与肿瘤组织学分级有密切关系(P《0.01),而与肿瘤的大小、腋下淋巴结浸润情况、雌孕激素受体没有关系(P》0.05).结论P53蛋白表达与乳腺癌差的预后有关,对估计乳腺癌的预后可能具有临床意义.     

大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注及低温保存过程中氧自由基变化的实验研究

目的　观察大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注及低温保存过程中氧自由基的变化。方法　建立大鼠肝脏假手术、热缺血再灌注和原位肝移植模型 ,分别测定再灌注 1h和移植术后 2h下腔静脉血中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)和血清中脂质过氧化物酶 (LPO)的变化 ,并进行组织学观察。结果　术前 30min静脉注射别嘌醇或灌洗液及保存液中加别嘌醇的实验组大鼠 ,其全血中SOD的活力高于条件相同、但不给予别嘌醇的对照组 ,LPO及LDH的含量低于对照组 ,其各项测定值与假手术组比较 ,差异不显著 ;实验组和假手术组的大鼠肝组织病理改变均轻于对照组。结论　大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注及低温保存过程中氧自由基明显增加 ,并且造成肝脏的损害     

老年乳腺癌的临床病理特点和预后的特点

目的探讨老年乳腺癌的临床病理和预后特点。方法收集2003年1月至2012年12月73例接受住院治疗Ⅰ～ⅢA期≥65岁乳腺癌患者的资料,分析临床病理特征、预后特点。结果73例患者中65～69岁有42例,≥70岁有31例。≥70岁患者伴有合并症的比率较65～69岁患者的高(72.4%vs 42.6%,P=0.009),≥70岁患者ER/PR阳性的比率较65～69岁患者的高(80.6%vs57.1%,P=0.045),≥70岁患者未接受辅助化疗的比率较65～69岁患者的高(58.1 vs 26.2%,P=0.045)。中位随访85个月,无病生存率为82.2%,总生存率86.3%。单因素分析发现乳腺癌的无病生存与肿瘤大小(P=0.020)、淋巴结转移(P=0.010)相关,总生存与HER2状态(P=0.001)相关;多因素分析发现老年乳腺癌的预后与年龄(P=0.644)、合并症(P=0.314)、肿瘤大小(P=0.363)、淋巴结状态(P=0.387)、ER/PR(P=0.250)、HER2(P=0.579)、手术方式(P=0.666)、辅助化疗(P=0.787)、放疗(P=0.107)、内分泌治疗(P=0.340)无明显关系。单因素分析和多因素分析均发现年龄、合并症、ER/PR、手术方式、辅助化疗、放疗、内分泌治疗均与DFS和OS无明显相关。结论随着年龄的增长,老年乳腺癌患者ER/PR阳性比率增加,伴有内科合并症多,应全面综合评估患者的耐受性和获益程度选择治疗方式。     

Cholesterol inhibitory effects on human sperm-induced acrosome reaction

Progesterone (P4) is known to induce an acrosome reaction in mammalian sperm in vitro, whereas cholesterol is a major inhibitor of acrosome reaction. This study had three objectives: to study the in vitro effects of exogenous cholesterol on acrosome reactions in human sperm, to study the mechanism by which cholesterol affects P4-induced acrosome reaction and those induced by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP), and to study the status of the P4 surface receptor during capacitation and acrosome reaction and its relationship with cholesterol and different acrosome reaction inducers. Acrosome reaction was induced with exposure to 10 microg/mL of P4 for 30 minutes and 1 mM of db-cAMP for 30 minutes in motile sperm either in the presence or absence of 0.1-1 microg/mL of cholesterol for 30 minutes. The effects of a 30-minute exposure to 1 microg/mL of beta-sitosterol, a cholesterol plant analogue, as well as the effects of cholesterol on P4-induced acrosome reactions were compared. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin-progesterone conjugate (P4-FITC-BSA) was used as the probe in order to quantify the percentage of sperm in which the P, surface receptor was exposed. The results of this study indicate that cholesterol inhibited P4-induced acrosome reactions when added to the sperm during capacitation (long incubation) and when it was added with P4 during the induction of acrosome reactions (short incubation). Similarly, acrosome reaction that was induced by db-cAMP was also inhibited by cholesterol. Fifty percent of P4-induced acrosome reaction was inhibited by a cholesterol concentration of 0.2 microg/mL. Cholesterol's inhibition of induced acrosome reaction was independent of P4 concentration. Beta-sitosterol inhibited P4-induced acrosome reaction in a dose-dependent manner that was identical to that of cholesterol. We observed that increases in the P4 surface receptor exposure were time-dependent and receptors migrated toward the equatorial segment during the first 2 hours of capacitation. We also found that db-cAMP induced the appearance of the P4 surface receptor in the sperm plasma membrane and that cholesterol inhibited it. The results of this study suggest that cholesterol inhibits acrosome reaction in a noncompetitive manner by modifying the structure of the sperm plasma membrane, which prevents exposure of the P4 surface receptor for P4 binding.     

正颌手术中尼卡地平行控制性降压对术后全身炎症反应综合征的影响

目的 观察尼卡地平用于正颌术中控制性降压对术后全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）的影响。方法 选取2019年10月-2023年4月于我院拟行正颌手术的199例患者为研究对象，随机分为加深麻醉组（P组） 98例、尼卡地平组（N组）101例。P组采用增加丙泊酚泵注剂量行控制性降压，N组复合泵注尼卡地平行 控制性降压，目标将MAP降至65 mmHg以下，比较两组术后第1天SIRS发生率，术中不同时刻平均动脉压 （MAP）、心率（HR）和麻醉深度患者状态指数（PSI）、术中麻醉用药剂量及拔管时间。结果 N组术后 第1天SIRS发生率为33.66%，低于P组的40.82%，但差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）；两组T1~T8时刻MAP 比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；N组T2~T7时刻HR高于P组（P ＜0.05）；除T7时刻外，N组T2~T8 时刻适宜麻醉深度例数多于P组，麻醉过深例数少于P组（P ＜0.05）；N组术中丙泊酚使用量小于P组，拔 管时间短于P组（P＜0.05）。结论 尼卡地平用于正颌术中控制性降压效果满意，且有助于维持合适麻醉深 度，缩短拔管时间，但对术后全身炎症反应综合征发生率无明显影响。     

海洛因依赖者的精液分析研究

对３０名男性海洛因依赖者（下称吸毒组）进行吸毒史调查,并进行精液常规分析及生化分析,与３０名正常男性精液作对照。结果表明,与对照组相比吸毒组精液量减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）,精子计数减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）,精子活力减低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,活动率降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,且精子活力与吸毒总量、精子计数与吸毒总量均呈负相关关系（ｒ１＝－０．８３,ｒ２＝－０．６３）。吸毒组精浆果糖浓度降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。精浆锌、钙浓度低下（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而精浆铁浓度明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。精液涂片观察发现吸毒组精子畸形率明显高于对照组。结果表明海洛因依赖可导致男性精液质与量发生明显异常改变。     

Long-term effects of femoral derotation osteotomies: an evaluation using three-dimensional gait analysis

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of the femoral derotation osteotomy (FDO) in the ambulatory patient with cerebral palsy (CP). The effectiveness of the FDOs were evaluated using three-dimensional gait analysis just before surgery (P0), 1 year after surgery (P1), and 5 years after surgery (P2). A total of 20 patients (27 sides) with CP were evaluated. Related physical examination and motion measures showed significant improvements at P1 that were maintained at P2. Mean maximum internal hip rotation at P0 of 77 degrees +/- 9 degrees decreased to 53 degrees +/- 8 degrees at P1 and was maintained at 58 degrees +/- 11 degrees at P2. Mean maximum external hip rotation at P0 of 21 degrees +/- 11 degrees increased to 35 degrees +/- 15 degrees at P1 and was maintained at 32 degrees +/- 13 degrees at P2. Mean femoral anteversion at P0 of 63 degrees +/- 9 degrees was reduced to 26 degrees +/- 15 degrees and was maintained at 31 degrees +/- 13 degrees at P2. During gait, mean hip rotation in stance at P0 of 20 degrees +/- 8 degrees was decreased to 2 degrees +/- 10 degrees at P1 and was maintained at 4 degrees +/- 5 degrees at P2. There were associated significant foot progression changes from an internal progression mean of 5 degrees +/- 17 degrees at P0 to -11 degrees +/- 17 degrees at P1 that were maintained at -12 degrees +/- 5 degrees at P2. The findings suggest that the FDO is a viable and lasting treatment option for the correction of anteversion and associated internal hip rotation during gait in children with CP.     

不同代数骨髓源性巨噬细胞增殖及诱导破骨分化的规律研究

目的 探讨不同代数骨髓源性巨噬细胞增殖及诱导破骨分化的规律。方法 选取8周龄C57BL/6小鼠P0~P4共5代骨髓源性巨噬细胞,随机选择镜下视野计数杂质细胞与衰老细胞;运用CCK8法检测骨髓源性巨噬细胞的增殖能力;诱导巨噬细胞破骨分化,通过抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色量化破骨细胞数量与破骨细胞面积,比较不同代数之间指标差异。 结果 P0组、P1组骨髓源性巨噬细胞的杂质较P2组、P3组、P4组更多,且差异有统计学意义;96 h内,P2组骨髓源性巨噬细胞的增殖能力最强,P3组、P4组次之,P0组、P1组最差;诱导破骨分化后,P2组骨髓源性巨噬细胞诱导出破骨细胞数量最多,面积最大,P3组次之,P0组、P1组、P4组诱导出破骨细胞数量少,面积小。结论 P2组骨髓源性巨噬细胞的纯度最高,增殖速度最快,破骨分化能力最强。     

Push/pull hemodiafiltration: technical aspects and clinical effectiveness

Push/pull hemodiafiltration (HDF) is characterized by alternate repetition of filtration and backfiltration during hemodialysis with high-flux membrane. In the pressure-controlled push/pull (PC P/P) HDF system, which is the newest push/pull HDF system, there are about 25 repetitions of dilution and concentration of the blood while it passes through the hemodiafilter. Hence, the PC P/P is functionally close to the predilution mode of on-line HDF. In the PC P/P, body fluid is replaced usually by more than 120 L of dialysate during the 4 h treatment. In selecting a hemodiafilter for PC P/P, one must be certain that the blood flow channels in the hemodiafilter do not collapse by the positive pressure on the dialysate side in the backfiltration phase. Thus, the polyacrylonitrile hollow-fiber hemodiafilter and polysulfon hollow-fiber hemodiafilter are suitable for PC P/P. In the short term, PC P/P has been reported to be effective against joint pain, itchiness, insomnia, irritability, and restless leg syndrome experienced by hemodialysis patients. Midterm clinical effectiveness of PC P/P includes the requisite lowering of the erythropoietin dose and improvement in skin pigmentation. The albumin loss per treatment with the PC P/P was significantly lower than that with the conventional HDF approach when a protein-permeable membrane is used. In terms of the removal rate of prolactin, no significant difference was found between PC P/P and conventional HDF. On the other hand, the removal rates of myoglobin and beta2M, where molecular size was smaller than prolactin, was significantly greater with the PC P/P than with conventional HDF.