颈段食管狭窄金属内支架置入的临床研究

目的　探讨颈段食管狭窄内支架置入疗效。方法　本组 68例经胃镜检查,病理细胞学证实为食管恶性肿瘤,癌肿上段距门齿 19 ~23cm,其中,手术切除吻合口狭窄 12例,采用扩张、支架置入。结果　68例均一次性置入成功,置入支架上段距门齿 18cm19例,术后 4h顺利进食,支架置入后 43例感胸骨后疼痛。结论　颈段食管狭窄支架置入,是目前治疗食管狭窄有效方法之一,能改善病人的病情,是一种安全、可靠的方法。     

125I粒子食管支架治疗食管癌临床应用的研究进展

食管癌是常几尢的恶性肿瘤,大部分患者确诊时已属晚期,失去外科手术机会。食管支架近年来被广泛应用于食管癌造成的食管狭窄的治疗,临床应用表明食管支架可以有效地解决患者的吞咽困难,但普通支架对肿瘤本身无任何治疗作用。^125I粒子食管支架的出现则弥补了这一不足,其在扩张食管的同时对肿瘤进行近距离的放射治疗,从而达到解决患者吞咽困难和抑制食管肿瘤的双重目的。现对^125I粒子食管支架的研究进展及临床应用作一综述。     

食管支架选择应用的临床探讨

目的：探讨合理选用食管金属内支架置入治疗晚期食管癌性狭窄引起的吞咽困难。方法：对72例晚期食管癌置入食管金属内支架。结果：吞咽困难完全清除或明显缓解,食管－气管瘘或纵隔瘘完全封闭。结论：合理选择食管内支架可减少并发症的发生,是解决晚期食管癌患者进食的有效方法。     

携带125I粒子支架与普通支架治疗中晚期食管癌的临床对照研究

目的 评价携带125I粒子支架治疗中晚期食管癌的临床价值.方法 2013年7月至2015年12月应用食管支架治疗中晚期食管癌64例,根据是否自愿接受125I粒子支架分为两组:普通支架组(A组)28例,125I粒子支架组(B组)36例.125I粒子根据治疗计划系统(TPS)和肿瘤形态适形综合布源.比较两组支架置入成功率、并发症发生率、吞咽困难改善率、支架通畅率、平均住院时间、住院费用及生存期.结果 两组支架置入成功率及短期吞咽困难缓解率均为100％;12个月内B组患者食管支架通畅率明显高于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);平均住院时间两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),平均住院费用两组有显著性差异(P＜0.05),B组比A组平均高约13 769.57元;平均生存期和中位生存期B组均明显长于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 125I粒子支架治疗中晚期食管癌安全有效,能明显延长患者生存期,但费用较普通支架高.     

Application of a self-expanding metallic stent to a strictured esophagojejunostomy

We placed a Gianturco self-expanding metallic stent across the recurrent stricture of an esophagojejunostomy in a patient with gastric cancer. Though excellent passage of food resulted, intractable reflux occurred. Two months later the patient succumbed to recurrent tumor. At autopsy, the stent was patent and was partially covered by esophageal mucosa. There were narrow but deep ulcers around the stent hooks. The Gianturco metallic stent may provide an additional option for treating recurrent enteric strictures after other methods fail. Further refinements of the technique appear necessary.     

Esophageal strictures: treatment with a new design of modified Gianturco stent. Work in progress.

To overcome the drawbacks of the modified Gianturco stent tube with barbs, a new barbless stent tube was constructed. Twenty-two barbless stent tubes 4.5-14.0 cm long were placed with a new introducing tube in 21 patients: 10 stent tubes in 10 patients with recurrent dysphagia after radiation therapy or chemotherapy, 10 in 10 patients with esophageal cancer in whom surgical management was contraindicated, and two in one patient with postoperative benign stricture. No technical failure or procedural complications occurred. After the procedure, all but two patients could ingest most or all foods. In two patients with an esophagorespiratory fistula and one patient with esophageal rupture, the barbless stent tube successfully occluded the fistula and rupture site. The stent tube migrated in one patient. Fifteen patients are surviving, with the stent tubes patent for 3-35 weeks (mean patency, 13 weeks); the six other patients died 7-24 weeks (mean, 16 weeks) after stent placement. It is concluded that barbless stent tubes show promise in the management of dysphagia caused by esophageal strictures.     

125I粒子气管支架与普通气管支架治疗食管癌所致恶性气道梗阻的对照研究

【摘要】　目的?比较125I粒子气管支架与普通气管支架治疗食管癌所致恶性气道梗阻的有效性。方法?回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年1月食管癌所致恶性气道狭窄行支架置入的患者46例,其中接受125I粒子气管支架置入24例,接受普通气管支架置入22例。主要分析指标为总生存时间（OS）,次要指标为技术成功率、气道狭窄程度、症状缓解、安全性。结果?中位随访时间155 d（全距,15～270 d）。 两组支架置入的技术成功率均为100%。支架置入后,125I粒子支架组患者的平均狭窄程度由术前3.00下降到0.95,普通支架组由术前3.13下降到0.96（两组手术前后比较,P＜0.001）。两组患者术后呼吸困难症状均得到明显缓解。125I粒子支架组的患者mOS明显长于普通支架组（156 d比103 d,P=0.005）。两组的并发症发生率无显著差异（20.5%比27.3%,P=0.374）。结论?125I粒子气管支架置入治疗食管恶性气道狭窄技术可行、安全,相较于普通气管支架能延长患者总生存时间。     

食管癌放疗后狭窄食管内支架治疗方法的探讨

目的　评价食管内支架治疗食管癌放疗后狭窄的临床效果及方法探讨。方法　本组 3 6例食管癌放疗后狭窄的患者 ,其中食管 -纵隔瘘 4例 ,食管 -气管瘘 5例 ,食管 -纵隔 -气管瘘 1例。 40枚食管内支架置入均在X线电视监视下进行 ,术后给予抗生素、止血药及镇静止痛药。结果　 3 6例患者均成功置入 ,其中 4例置入 2枚支架 ,1例食管气管瘘合并气管狭窄者先置入气管支架 1枚后置入食管支架 ,所有患者术后吞咽困难完全消除或明显缓解 ,食管 -气管或纵隔瘘完全封闭。 1～ 12月随诊观察 ,应用支架直径 1.8cm以上的患者 ,术后反应较大 ,并发症较多。结论　食管内支架治疗食管癌放疗后狭窄 ,选用直径 1.8cm以下的支架 ,更为安全、有效     

创新是介入放射学可持续发展的动力——论食管内照射支架技术治疗食管癌

食管癌的治疗仍然是目前临床所面临的难题之一.虽然,金属食管支架技术为缓解食管癌所致食管梗阻的重要技术,能快速、安全缓解食管癌所致的食管梗阻,但是对原发肿瘤无治疗作用.将支架作为放射性粒子载体,同时对肿瘤行近距离放射治疗,无疑将开创食管癌治疗的新模式,延伸了支架治疗的意义,是食管癌治疗乃至支架技术的重要突破.介入放射学的...     

带膜金属支架治疗高位食管-气管瘘八例报告

目的 应用带膜金属食管支架解决高位食管－气瘘病人的进食呛咳和梗阻问题。方法 根据食管狭窄的程度、长度，普口部位及狭窄上缘距门齿、食管上端开口处的距离，确定支架长度和支架位置，由内镜直视或结合Ｘ线完成操作。结果 ８例病人均１次放置成功，患者呛咳及吞咽困难症状消失，均在３～５d内能进普食，侧位胸片及内镜双重检查，支架位置准 确，形状为两头呈喇叭样，中间狭窄部直径达１．２～１．５cm。结论 内镜直视配合Ｘ     

Removal of a covered esophageal metallic stent 8 years after placement

A covered expandable esophageal metallic stent was placed to treat a corrosive esophageal stricture that was refractory to repeated balloon dilations. The stent was removed 8 years after placement due to severe dysphagia. The stented esophageal area has since maintained long-term patency for 2 years. These results suggest the feasibility of removal of a metallic stent after long-term stent placement.     

Gastrobronchial fistula: Treatment with a covered tracheobronchial stent and an integrated Y-shaped metallic stent

A 53-year-old man presented with severe cough and pulmonary infection 1 month after receiving a second mushroom-shaped covered metallic stent for occluding a gastrobronchial fistula (GBF). The fistula was caused by an esophageal stent that was placed 4 months after esophagogastrectomy for the treatment of gastroesophageal stenosis. Six months before the patient was admitted to our hospital, he had undergone esophagogastrectomy for esophageal cancer; a thoracic anastomosis was created, and a wide gastric tube was inserted through a left thoracotomy. Multislice computed tomography, gastroscopy, and esophagography with contrast medium revealed a fistulous communication between the right posterior wall of the upper residual stomach and the dorsal segment of the left lower lobe bronchus after the removal of stents. A short covered stent and a partially covered integrated inverted Y-shaped metallic stent were implanted into the bronchi, and subsequently, the fistula was closed completely. The patient was discharged 2 weeks after stent placement; at the time of discharge, he showed full recovery and complete resolution of the symptoms related to GBF.     

Stent-Induced Esophageal Perforation: Treatment by Means of Placing a Second Stent After Removal of the Original Stent

A case of esophageal perforation caused by a retrievable covered stent is presented. The distal end of the stent was protruding into the mediastinum, which made it impossible to negotiate a guidewire through the stent into the distal esophagus. The stent was successfully removed with use of a stent retrieval set, and esophageal perforation was treated with a second, covered stent with a good result. Fatality associated with this complication might be prevented by virtue of the retrievability of the stent we used. This result points to the effectiveness of a retrievable stent for the palliative treatment of malignant esophageal stricture.     

覆膜内支架在食管癌术后吻合口瘘中的应用

目的：观察覆膜内支架在食管癌术后吻合口瘘中的应用效果。方法：15例中、晚期食管癌术后3－21天出现吻合口瘘。瘘口直径0．8－2．1cm。将180cm长交换导丝经口送入胃内，沿导丝送入支架输送系统，将直径1．8cm的双喇叭覆聚氨脂膜的镍钛记忆合金食管内支架的中点置于瘘口平面，透视下缓慢释放支架，后撤出输送系统和导丝。结果：全部病例均一次放置成功，技术成功率为100％。13例患者一次堵瘘成功，患者在支架置入术后3－7天进半流质食物，15天后进普食，其余2例病情改善。结论：覆膜双喇叭记忆合金内支架为封堵食管癌术后吻合口瘘最有效的方法之一。     

内放疗支架治疗食管癌的临床应用

目的探讨内放疗支架(即125Ⅰ粒子支架)治疗中晚期食管癌的可行性及疗效。方法选择15例中晚期食管癌患者,在X线监视下经口置入捆绑125Ⅰ放射粒子的食管支架到病变部位。结果术后全部病例吞咽困难等临床症状明显改善,未出现感染,食管穿孔、大出血、放射性肺炎等严重并发症。随访3～6个月复查示14例病变体积较前不同程度缩小,1例病变增大且组织长入支架上口,发生再狭窄。结论食管内放疗支架临床应用疗效显著,且安全可行。     

食管内支架置入术并发症分析

目的：分析内支架置入术治疗食管良恶性狭窄的并发症并提出防治方法。方法：本组５８例,其中食管化学烧伤后狭窄２例,食管－胃吻合口狭窄１１例,食管癌３７例,胃贲门癌８例,支架置入在Ｘ线电视监视下进行。术后给予抗生素、止血药及镇静止痛药,２３例食管癌患者术后行放疗、化疗。结果：１例内支架异位留置,遂加置一根支架,其余５７例支架的一次置入成功,术后 后疼痛２１例,大出血１例,随访１～６个月,食物嵌顿１例,支     

食管支架治疗恶性食管-气管瘘

目的探讨国产金属被膜内支架经食管置人,治疗食管一气管瘘的疗效。方法9例中,男7例,女2例,年龄46～72岁,平均53．4岁。因放疗引起食管一气管瘘食管癌3例,肺癌1例;肺癌支气管动脉灌注治疗后2例,手术后复发病人3例。全组病例均有饮水呛咳,吞咽困难,并均经手术或内镜病理证实,造影发现有食管一气管瘘口。病理结果为;小细胞肺癌2例：肺鳞癌1例;食管鳞癌6例。支架上端呈漏斗状,上下长于病灶2cm,支架到位后,用直径1．5cm球囊导管扩张,封闭瘘口,固定支架。结果5例可进普食,4例进半流食,1周后改进普食。结论带膜金属内支架治疗食管一气管瘘安全有效,是首选的治疗方法。     

Delayed esophageal hemorrhage caused by a metal stent: Treatment with embolization

We report a case of life-threatening esophageal hemorrhage after metal stent implantation successfully treated by arterial embolization. An 85-year-old woman was admitted in shock secondary to massive hematemesis and melena. Recent medical history revealed esophageal cancer treated 8 weeks previously by endoesophageal radiotherapy (40 Gy) and endoscopic placement of a covered Wallstent prosthesis. Selective arteriography of the fifth posterior right intercostal artery showed massive contrast extravasation in the esophagus. Embolization was performed with 150–250-μm polyvinyl alcohol particles. Follow-up at 5 months was uneventful. Arteriography and embolization are advised when severe hemorrhage occurs after esophageal implantation of metal stents.     

Effectiveness of open versus antireflux stents for palliation of distal esophageal carcinoma and prevention of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of an antireflux stent with that of a standard open stent in preventing symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with inoperable distal esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients with inoperable distal esophageal tumors underwent placement of either a standard open or an antireflux stent across the cardia. Stents were allocated randomly before assessment of the stricture. All patients were followed up prospectively by the departmental research nurses. Technical and clinical success, reflux symptoms, complications, and reintervention rates were assessed. P values of observed differences were calculated by using the chi(2) and log-rank tests as appropriate. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 100%. Improvement in dysphagia was identical in both groups (three points on a five-point scale). Twenty-four (96%) of 25 patients with standard open stents had symptoms of esophageal reflux; 19 (76%) of 25 required treatment. Three (12%) of 25 patients with antireflux stents reported esophageal reflux; one (4%) of 25 required treatment. This difference was significant (P <.001). There was no significant difference in survival, complications, or reintervention rate. One case of late esophageal perforation occurred in each group. One patient died of aspiration within 24 hours after insertion of a standard open stent; no procedure-related deaths occurred with the antireflux stent. CONCLUSION: This antireflux stent is as safe and effective as the standard open stent in relieving malignant dysphagia and was successful in reducing symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux.     

防返流食管内支架用于食管胃吻合口狭窄和贲门癌的临床效果观察

目的 应用防返流食管内支架治疗吻合口狭窄和贲门癌,以解决放置支架后引起的返流性食管炎。材料与方法 采用硅橡胶薄膜覆盖镍钛记忆合金丝编织的网格形支架,下口装置瓣膜防返流装置,应用食管支架输送器放置支架。结果 35例患者应用防返流支架,胃食管返现象明显减轻或消失。结论 防返流支架能够有效地预防食管返流。