Maternal endotoxemia results in increases in blood pressure and body weight in rats

Objective To investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)on blood pressure and body weight of offspring in rats.Methods Sixteen healthy pregnant rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats in LPS group were injected intraperitoneally with LPS(0.79 mg·kg-1)at the 8th,10th,12th day of gestation.Those in the control group were only treated with NS.After delivery,all offspring were weighed and blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method once every two weeks from the 6th to 24th week.In the 15th week,their food intakes were weighed every day.At the end of the 24th week,the rats were put to death by decapitation.Abdominal adipose tissues were taken to weigh,and serum level of leptin was detected by RIA.Results The offspring with prenatal LPS exposure showed increased systemic arterial pressure,heavier body weight,elevated food intake,increased adipose tissue weight and increased circulating leptin compared with controls.Conclusions Prenatal exposure to LPS leads to increases in blood pressure and body weight in rats.     

Effect of N-acetylcysteine on Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 and γ-glutamate cysteine synthetase in rats with chronic hepatic injury北大核心CSCD

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of N-acetylcysteine on nuclear factor-eythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and γ-glutamate cysteine synthetase(γ-GCS) in rats with chronic hepatic injury. METHODS The rats were divided into normal control and model groups. 25% CCI4olive oil solutiond mL·kg-1) was given by subcutaneous injection to induce a chronic hepatic injury rat model, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, rats with chronic hepatic injury were equally divided into 5 groups: NAC 45, 90 and 180 mg·kg-1 groups, glutathione (GSH) 54 mg·kg-1 group (positive model group) and model group. Normal control and model groups were given the same volume of sterilized normal sodium, once a day, for 4 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, all the rats were sacrificed. The levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase(GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) in serum and superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and hydroxyproline(Hyp) in hepatic tissue were detected. Liver histopathological changes were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and y-GCS in hepatic tissue. The mRNA levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and γ-GCS in the liver were detected by realtime PCR. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, levels of GPT, GOT, MDA and Hyp were raised(P<0.01), while protein expresssion of Nrf2 and HO-1 and γ-GCS, levels of SOD and GSH had no statistical difference. There was extensive adipose degeneration in hepatic cells in model group, and round vacuoles of different size were seen in hepatic tissue. Some hepatic cells developed edema, and portal areas were infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Compared with normal control group, GPT and GOT in serum, SOD, GSH and Hyp in hepatic tissue in NAC groups were decreased(P<0.05, P< 0.01). Compared with positive control group, Hyp in hepatic tissue declined obviously in NAC 45, 90 and 180 mg· kg-1 groups (P<0.01). Nrf2 expression in NAC 45 mg· kg-1 groups increased obviously (P<0.01). Compared with NAC 45 mg· kg-1 group, Nrf2 expression in NAC 90 and 180 mg· kg-1 groups declined (P<0.05, PO.01). CONCLUSION Low-dose broncholysin could protect against oxidative stress and prevent chronic hepatic injury by regulating the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and γ-GCS.     

Effect of yeast and potassium oxonate on formation and excretion of uric acid and renal function of SD rats北大核心CSCD

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of potassium oxonate and yeast on formation and excretion of uric acid (UA) and renal function in rats, and to describe the characteristics of hyperuricemia in rats induced by potassium oxonate and yeast. METHODS: SD rats were given yeast 21 g·kg-1 and potassium oxonate 100, 200 and 300 mg·kg-1, respectively, once a day for 35 d. Levels of UA, creatinine (CRE), urea nitrogen (BUN) and the activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XOD), guanine deaminase (GuDa) in serum were determined on the 14th 28th and 35th day, respectively. Levels of UA, CRE, BUN, protein in urine, urine specific gravity and urine volume were determined on the 28th day while UA excretion and clearance were counted. These rats were sacrificed on the 35th day to weigh the right kidney and calculate the kidney index. RESULTS: Compared with normal control group, serum UA levels of three treatment groups were significantly higher from the 14th to the 35th day(P<0.01); CRE levels of three treatment groups were significantly higher on the 35th day(P<0.05, P<0.01); ADA activity was significantly lower in the groups of yeast 21 g·kg-1 and potassium oxonate 100 and 300 mg·kg-1 on the 14th day (P<0.01) and in the group of yeast 21 g · kg-1 and potassium oxonate 200 mg · kg-1 on the 14th to 28th day (P<0.05); XOD activity of the groups of yeast 21 g · kg-1 and potassium oxonate 300 mg · kg-1 was significantly higher on the 14th to 28th day (P<0.05, P<0.01); UA excretion and clearance of three treatment groups were significantly lower on the 28th day (P<0.05, P<0.01); the kidney index of the three treatment groups was significantly higher on the 35th day (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Yeast and potassium oxonate can elevate levels of UA in rats, which may be related to the changes of XOD and ADA activity and the disturbance of UA excretion that is likely associated with kidney damage.     

甲泼尼龙联合环磷酰胺对博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化大鼠模型炎症反应与免疫细胞活性的影响CSCD

Objective To observe the effect of methylprednisolone (MP) combined with cyclo‑ phosphamide (CTX) on inflammation and immune cell activity in bleomycin (BLM)‑induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model. Methods Forty healthy 6 to 8‑week‑old SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, BLM model, BLM+MP, and BLM+MP+CTX groups, with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of pulmonary fibrosis was prepared by intratracheal infusion of BLM (5 mg/kg, only once). From the 7th day of modeling, MP (3 mg/kg) was injected in rats in the BLM+MP group and MP (3 mg/kg)+CTX (8 mg/kg) was injected via tail vein in rats in the BLM+MP+CTX group, once daily for 21 days. The degree of lung inflammation and fibrosis in rats was detected using HE and Masson staining methods. The numbers of granulocytes and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood T cell subsets in rats were detected using flow cytometry. Results On the 7th day of modeling, the external morphology, HE and Masson staining results of rat lung tissue showed that BLM‑induced pulmonary fibrosis model was successfully prepared. On the 28th day of modeling, the lung tissue structure of the BLM group was disordered with obvious collagen deposition, the number of granulocytes and neutrophils in BALF increased significantly, the propor‑ tion of blood T cells, CD4+ T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) decreased, the proportion of CD8+ T cells, and the CD4+/CD8+ T cells ratio decreased significantly (all P<0.05). Compared with the BLM group, the degree of pulmonary fibrosis in the BLM+MP+CTX group was improved significantly, the number of granulo‑ cytes and neutrophils in BALF decreased significantly, the proportion of blood T cells, CD4+ T cells and Tregs cells increased significantly, the proportion of CD8+ T cells decreased, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased significantly (all P<0.05). The improvement effect in rats of BLM+MP+CTX group was better than that of BLM+MP group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion MP com‑ bined with CTX can reduce the degree of inflammatory reaction in rats with pulmonary fibrosis and improve T cell immune activity. © 2023 Chinese Medical Association. All rights reserved.     

Effect of aqueous extract of Semen Cassiae on endogenous metabolomics in urine of rats北大核心CSCD

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Semen Cassiae (AESC) on endogenous metabolites in urine of rats by metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) to reveal the possible ways of metabolism and mechanism of action in rats caused by AESC. METHODS: Twsenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly equally divided into 4 groups: such normal control group, AESC 1.5, 5 and 15 g·kg-1 groups. After intragastric administration for 14 d, the urine was collected with metabolic cages. The urine metabolic profiling was analyzed using UPLC-QTOF-MS, based on which the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were established for metabolomic analysis. Potential biomarkers were screened using variable importance in the projection (VIP) and t test. RESULTS: The results of PCA showed that samples of each group were clustered, all the groups were separated, and that the distance between AESC groups and normal control group was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The relative content of proline betaine and uric acid were 18.4±2.3 and 15.7±2.0, 16.3±4.5 and 14.7±3.0 in the AESC 5 and 15 g· kg-1 groups, significantly lower than that of the normal control group, which was 25.0±3.4 and 29.0±4.8(P<0.01), but that of AESC 1.5 g · kg-1 group did not statistically differ from that of normal control group. In AESC 1.5, 5 and 15 g·kg-1 groups, the relative content of glycine and taurine was 10.0±1.4 and 8.0±1.4, 3.6±0.7 and 66.5±7.3, 45.8±23.6 and 23.0±9.8, which was significantly lower than that of the normal control group, which was 14.6±1.9 and 102.5±25.8(P<0.01). The relative content of 1,7-dimethylguanosine was 4.5±1.2 and 4.6±0.1 in AESC 1.5 and 15 g·kg-1 groups, significantly lower than that of the normal control group, which was 6.5±0.8(P<0.05), but AESC 5 g·kg-1 group did not statistically differ from normal control group. The relative content of citric acid was 26.6±6.3 in the AESC 15 g·kg-1 group, significantly lower than that of the normal control group, which was 67±14(P< 0.01). The relative content of citric acid was 104+20 in the AESC 1.5 g·kg-1 group, significantly higher than that of the normal control group (P<0.01), but AESC 5g·kg-1 group did not statistically differ from normal control group. CONCLUSION: AESC can remarkably change endogenous metabolites and mainly affect the pathways of taurine,purine, amino acid and energy metabolism.     

Inhibitory effect of tea polyphenals on transforming growth factor-β1 expression in rat with cyclosporine A-induced chronic nephrotoxicity

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of tea polyphenols (TP)on the transforming growth factor-pi (TGF-β1) expression in rat model of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced chronic nephrotoxicity. METHODS: The rat model of CsA-induced chronic nephrotoxicity was used, 4 groups of rats were respectively treated with vehicle (0.1 mL·lg-1-d-1 sc), TP (80 mg·kg-1·d-1 ig), CsA (15 mg·2kg-1·d-1sc) and TP plus CsA (CsA 15 mg·kg-1·d-1 sc TP 80 mg·kg-1·d-1 ig). At the end of day 28 of treatment, serum and urine are analyzed for creatinine clearance, kidney tissue for pathologic analysis. The TGF-β1 mRNA and its protein expression were detected by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. RESULTS: CsA-treated rats had increased renal expression of TGF-pl mRNA and its protein, compared with the vehicle- or TP- treated     

The protective effect of cuminaldehyde on gastric mucosa in Rattus norregicus of experimental gastric ulcer北大核心CSCD

Aim To explore the effect of cuminaldehyde in cumin fruit on gastric ulcer and the protective mechanism via establishing the gastric ulcer model of rats was by ethanol injury. Methods Thirty-six male R. norregicus were divided into six groups: control group, model group, omeprazole positive control group and cuminaldehyde low, medium and high dosage groups. After seven days of continuous intragastric administration, the acute gastric ulcer of R. norregicus was tested by absolute alcohol. Gastric ulcer area, inhibition rate, gastric tissue antioxidant activity, serum inflammatory factors and gastric mucosal protective factors were detected in different groups. Results The results showed that cuminaldehyde significantly reduced the area of gastric ulcer and increased the inhibition rate of gastric ulcer. The inhibition rate of cuminaldehyde at high dose group was up to 74.65%, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) in gastric tissue significantly increased, and the contents of serum prolandin E2(PGE2) and NO in gastric tissue also significantly increased. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. Compared with the model group, cuminaldehyde decreased the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rat serum, and decreased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Conclusions Cuminaldehyde has good antioxidant stress ability and anti-inflammatory activity, increases the expression of protective factors, enhances the defense ability of gastric mucosa, and has obvious protective effect on acute gastric ulcer in R. norregicus. © 2023 Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.     

Tetramethylpyrazine protected photoreceptor cells of rats by modulating nuclear translocation of NF-κB

Aim: To evaluate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) injection on retinal damage induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in rats and on nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) family members. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into groups: (i), control group; (ii), model group; and (iii), TMP-injection groups, in which the rats were subdivided into 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg groups. Drugs were injected ip into 47-day-old SD rats once a day. At 50 days of age, all rats in the model group and drug groups also received a single ip injection of 60 mg/kg MNU. Rats in group 1 received ip injection of physiological saline. All rats were killed at different times after MNU or physiological saline treatment. The apoptotic index of photoreceptor ceils was calculated by TUNEL labeling; retinal damage was evaluated based on retinal thickness and the expression of NF-nB family members was detected by Western blot. Results: TMP injections, in a dose-dependent manner, suppressed photoreceptor cell apoptosis and decreased its loss in the peripheral retina. As compared with the MNU-treated group, TMP injection at a dose of 160 mg/kg also timedependently upregulated the NF-κB/p65 protein level in the nucleus and downregulated the IκBα protein level in the cytoplasm. However, no protective effect of TMP injection on MNU-induced central retinal damage was found. Conclusion: TMP injection partially protects against MNU-induced retinal damage by upregulating the nuclear translocation of p65 to inhibit photoreceptor cells apoptosis.     

Rilmenidine prevents blood pressure increase in rats with compromised nitric oxide production

AIM: To search tools of high blood pressure in the model of nitric oxide (NO)-defective hypertension, and thestudy focused on the effect of rilmenidine, agonist of imidazoline receptors, which was suggested to modulatecentral sympathetic outflow. METHODS: Three experimental groups, each consisting of 7 rats, were used: (I) ratswith inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) by Nr-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 40 mg.kg-~.d~ for 4 weeks indrinking water, (II) rats with inhibited NOS as in group I, plus agonist of imidazoline receptors rilmenidine 3mg.kg^-1.d^-1 for 4 weeks by garage, and (Ⅲ) control rats. Systolic blood pressure was measured weekly noninvasively.At the end of experiment aortic ring isometric tension was followed, NOS expression (aorta, left ventricle), andNOS activity (left ventricle and brain) were determined. RESULTS: In the group I systolic blood pressure in-creased significantly, aortic ring relaxation to acetylcholine was significantly attenuated. Rilmenidine administeredsimultaneously with L-NAME (group II) prevented the increase of blood pressure which did not differ significantlyfrom control values; aortic ring relaxation to acetylcholine did not differ from control. No change in NOS expres-sion (aorta and left ventricle) was found in groups I and II. Significant decline in NOS activity (left ventricle andbrain) was found in groups I and II. CONCLUSION: Rilmenidine has a remarkable role in NO-defective hypertension,possibly by inhibiting central sympathetic outflow and by affecting receptors in vascular smooth muscle also. Theprime cause of hypertension in this experimental model - the compromised production of NO due to inhibition ofNOS - was not affected by rilmenidine.     

The therapeutic effect of Balanophora polysaccharide on acetic acid gastric ulcer in rats and its mechanism; [蛇 ? 多糖对大鼠乙酸型胃溃疡的治疗作用 ? 机制]北大核心CSCD

Aim To study the therapeutic effect of Balanophora polysaccharide(BPS)on gastric ulcer(GU)induced by acetic acid in rats and to investigateits mechanisms. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, GU model group, omeprazole positive group(3.6 mg·kg-1), and low, medium and high dose of BPS treatment groups(100, 200 and 400 mg·kg-1). The GU model group was prepared by acetic acid cautery method, and the morphology and pathological changes of ulcers were observed by visual observation combined with HE staining, and the ulcer area and inhibition rate were measured and calculated; superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity, malondialdehyde(MDA)content and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)activity were measured by enzymatic assay; tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)content were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of epidermal growth factor(EGF)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)were measured by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, obvious ulcer damage was seen in the model group. Compared with the model group, the BPS-treated group showed a significant reduction in ulcer area, an increase in SOD and GSH-PX activity and EGF and EGFR expression levels, and a significant decrease in MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 content. Conclusions BPS has a therapeutic effect on GU in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress, suppression of inflammatory stimuli and promotion of regenerative repair of gastric mucosa. © 2023 Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.     

Effects of ethanolic extracts of Euonymus alatus on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice based on JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and its mechanism北大核心CSCD

Aim To explore the mechanism of ethanolic extracts of euonymus alatus on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Methods Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,EAL,EAM),EAH,and Silybin(n=10). Except for the control group,mice in other groups were injected with 25% CCl4 of 1.6 mL·kg-1 to induce HF model. Moreover,the positive group was administered 12.6 mg·kg-1 Silybin by gavage once a day,and EAL,EAM,and EAH were administered 72,140 and 280 mg·kg-1 ethanolic extracts of euonymus alatus once by gavage once a day,and the intervention lasted for six weeks. After 6th week,mouse blood was collected,the body weight and liver weight were measured and liver mass index calculated,the liver appearance was observed,and ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β were detected in serum. The protein expression levels of collagen Ⅰ,α-SMA,and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway-related protein(JAK2,STAT3,p-JAK2,pSTAT3)in mouse liver tissues were detected. Results Compared with the model group,EAM and EAH significantly decreased liver mass index,and the ALT,AST,α-SMA,collagen I levels of serum. After treatment,the liver morphology and structure,cellular inflammatory infiltration,fiber changes and collagen deposition in euonymus alatus intervention group were dose-dependently better than those of the model group. Compared with the model group,the expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in EAM and EAH serum decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with the model group,the protein expression levels of JAK2,STAT3,p-JAK2,pSTAT3 in EAM and EAH mouse liver tissues decreased significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion Ethanolic extracts of euonymus alatus have an anti-CCl4-induced HF effect in mice,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. © 2023 Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.     

The dynamic changes of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and the clinical significance in acute lung injury rats caused by mechanical trauma

Objective To determine the dynamic changes and mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum in acute lung injury(ALI) induced by mechanical trauma in mechanical trauma rat model. Methods Totally 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group and trauma group, sham-acute lung injury group and acute lung injury group. Noble-Collip drum was used to establish mechanical trauma rat model. Intraperitoneal injection of TNF-α established acute lung injury model. All rats after modeling of abdominal aortic blood sampling time points were killed and the serum levels of TNF-α were asasyed by ELISA. Results Serum TNF-α levels (334. 78 ±± 28) ng/L in the trauma group were significantly higher than those in the sham group( 177 ±10 ) ng/L (P ＜0. 01 ). The pathological results showed that both in trauma group and acute lung injury group lung infection were very obvious, while it was basically normal in both sham group and sham-acute lung injury group. Conclusions Serum TNF-αt levels of mechanical trauma may be associated with acute lung injury after mechanical trauma. Therefore, dynamic observation of the change of serum TNF-α after mechanical trauma will help the assessment and prognosis of the disease, it has important clinical significance.     

Effect of a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor,CPD1,on unilateral renal interstitial fibrosis caused by ureteric obstruction in mice北大核心CSCD

Aim To investigate the effects of CPD1,a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor,on renal pathological phenotype and fibrotic protein expression in renal fibrosis model mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups randomly(sham group,UUO group and UUO+CPD1 group). Unilateral ureteric obstruction model was constructed by surgery,and CPD1(5 mg·kg-1·d-1)was administered by intragastric administration two hours after the modeling for seven days. HE and Sirius Red staining were used to observe the distribution of tissue structural lesions and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of fibronectin(FN),α-SMA,collagen-I and kidney injury molecule-1(Kim-1). Results Compared with sham operation group,the renal tubules of mice were dilated and accompanied by a large amount of inflammatory infiltration. Moreover,the expressions of FN,α-SMA,collagen-I and Kim-1 proteins increased significantly(P<0.05)in UUO group. CPD1 treatment improved the kidney structure and decreased the expression of collagen fibers. Furthermore,CPD1 inhibited the expression of FN,α-SMA,collagen-I and Kim-1 markedly(P<0.05). Conclusions Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor CPD1 alleviates the progression of renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction through down-regulating ECM deposition in the extracellular matrix and expression of Kim-1. The specific mechanism remains to be further studied. © 2023 Publication Centre of Anhui Medical University. All rights reserved.     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏基质金属蛋白酶2表达的影响

Objective To study the effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in kidneys of diabetic rates and to analyze the protecting mechanism of GbE on diabetic nephropathy. Methods Totally 24 SD rats of diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin were randomly divided into two groups: diabetes group and treatment group with GbE, and 12 rats with placebo therapy were enrolled as the normal control group. Rats were killed after 4 ～ 8 weeks treatment and the expression of MMP-2 and type Ⅳ collagen were studies by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results In diabetic rats, blood sugar, weight and kidney/body weight ratio were decreased significantly and the excretion of 24 hour urinary protein was increased significantly compared to the diabetes group. But the excretion of 24 hour urinary protein was improved in GbE group ( P ＜0.05 ). The expression level of MMP-2 protein and mRNA was decreased significantly in renal glomduri of diabetic rats ( P ＜ 0.05 ) but showed no changes in GbE treatment group compared to diabetes group( P ＞ 0.05 ). The expression level of type Ⅳ collagen was significantly increased in diabetic rats( P ＜0.05 ) but showed no changes in GbE group( P ＞0.05). Conclusion GbE can improve diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 in diabetic Rat.     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠肾脏基质金属蛋白酶2表达的影响

Objective To study the effect of ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in kidneys of diabetic rates and to analyze the protecting mechanism of GbE on diabetic nephropathy. Methods Totally 24 SD rats of diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin were randomly divided into two groups: diabetes group and treatment group with GbE, and 12 rats with placebo therapy were enrolled as the normal control group. Rats were killed after 4 ～ 8 weeks treatment and the expression of MMP-2 and type Ⅳ collagen were studies by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results In diabetic rats, blood sugar, weight and kidney/body weight ratio were decreased significantly and the excretion of 24 hour urinary protein was increased significantly compared to the diabetes group. But the excretion of 24 hour urinary protein was improved in GbE group ( P ＜0.05 ). The expression level of MMP-2 protein and mRNA was decreased significantly in renal glomduri of diabetic rats ( P ＜ 0.05 ) but showed no changes in GbE treatment group compared to diabetes group( P ＞ 0.05 ). The expression level of type Ⅳ collagen was significantly increased in diabetic rats( P ＜0.05 ) but showed no changes in GbE group( P ＞0.05). Conclusion GbE can improve diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 in diabetic Rat.     

Effects of An-Shen-Bu-Nao Syrup on the inducible nitric-oxide synthase activity and melatonin in brain of sleep deprivation rats

Objective： To study the effects of An-Shen-Bu-Nao Syrup （AS） on the inducible nitricoxide synthase （iNOS） activity and melatonin content in brain of sleep deprivation （SD） rats. Methods： Rats were divided into groups of control, SD model, SD＋AS （0.02ml/kg）, and SD＋ AS （0.06ml/kg） . The rats were fed with AS for 2 weeks and were subjected to sleep deprivation for 4 days, and then the iNOS activity in the front cortex was analyzed, and melatonin in the pineal gland was analyzed with HPLC. Results： Compared with the control rats, SD rats had the significantly elevated iNOS activity in the front cortex. Rats treated with AS （0. 06ml/kg） showed significantly decreased iNOS activity than SD rats.     

Influence of SLYWG on malignant tumor ascites

Objective To search the effect of Chinese traditional medicine "Shang Lu Yu Wang Gao"(SLYWG)on the ascites induced by tumor,and its mechanism.Methods The tumor ascites model and diuretic experiments were introduced to evaluate the effect of SLYWG.Physical characteristics,the tumor cell counting,volume of the ascites,protein content in ascites,the characters of ascites,the life duration of S180 tumor bearing animals as the indexes of evaluation.the diurtic experiments were performed on rats nad rabbits,the osmotic pressure,K+,Na+,Cl-,Ca2+ and pH in urine were determined.Results The inhibitions to ascites of SLYWG were displayed in three dosage(30 g·kg-1,15 g·kg-1 and 7.5 g·kg-1).Ascites caused by tumor was significantly inhibited by the local administration of SLYWG.The increase of mice ascites was slow down,the content of ALB and the TP in ascites were decreased,the surviving time of mice was extended.SLYWG had remarkable diuresis effect on the rats and rabbits,it could reduce the osmotic pressure of urine,decrease the exclude of K+ but had no effect on the Na+,Cl-,Ca2+ and pH in urine.Conclusions Tumor ascites was significantly inhibited by the ventral administration of SLYWG.SLYWG had diuretic effect in rats and rabbits,it reduced the osmotic pressure of urine,decrease the exclude of K+ but had no effect on Na+,Cl-,Ca2+ and pH of urine.     

脱细胞真皮基质和聚丙烯补片修补大鼠腹壁疝的实验研究

Objective To study the value of porcine acellular dermal matrix(ADM) made by complex maceration and Marlex mesh as ventral hernia-repairing material. Methods ADM was made from the full thick skin of the back of swines by complex maceration. The male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups including ventral hernia group(n =7), ADM group(the ventral hernia repaired by ADM, n =28) and Marlex mesh group (the ventral hernia repaired by Marlex mesh group, n = 10). The occurrence of ventral hernia was observed on postoperative 1 week. Six rats were respectively selected from the Marlex group and ADM group and tension resistance at 5weeks after surgery was observed. Results The occurrence of ventral hernia in ADM group and Marlex mesh group was significantly lower than that of ventral hernia group(0.04%, 0.0%, 100.0%, P ＜ 0. 01 ) in postoperative 1week, but there was no difference between ADM group and Marlex mesh group ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Marlex had a significantly higher breaking strength than ADM[(417 ±44)N vs( 111 ±27)N,P ＜0.01]. But 5 weeks after surgery, the tension resistance of ADM-fascial interface was higher than that of the Marlex-fascial [( 103 ± 27 ) N vs(71 ± 19 ) N,P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion As a material of repairing ventral hernia, ADM prepared by the complex maceration may be superior to Marlex mesh.     

脱细胞真皮基质和聚丙烯补片修补大鼠腹壁疝的实验研究

Objective To study the value of porcine acellular dermal matrix(ADM) made by complex maceration and Marlex mesh as ventral hernia-repairing material. Methods ADM was made from the full thick skin of the back of swines by complex maceration. The male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups including ventral hernia group(n =7), ADM group(the ventral hernia repaired by ADM, n =28) and Marlex mesh group (the ventral hernia repaired by Marlex mesh group, n = 10). The occurrence of ventral hernia was observed on postoperative 1 week. Six rats were respectively selected from the Marlex group and ADM group and tension resistance at 5weeks after surgery was observed. Results The occurrence of ventral hernia in ADM group and Marlex mesh group was significantly lower than that of ventral hernia group(0.04%, 0.0%, 100.0%, P ＜ 0. 01 ) in postoperative 1week, but there was no difference between ADM group and Marlex mesh group ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Marlex had a significantly higher breaking strength than ADM[(417 ±44)N vs( 111 ±27)N,P ＜0.01]. But 5 weeks after surgery, the tension resistance of ADM-fascial interface was higher than that of the Marlex-fascial [( 103 ± 27 ) N vs(71 ± 19 ) N,P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion As a material of repairing ventral hernia, ADM prepared by the complex maceration may be superior to Marlex mesh.     

Effect of Bixieqianggupian on experimental osteoporosis in rats

Objective To search the effects of Bixieqianggupian(BXQBP)on osteoporosis.Methods The experimental models of osteoporosis(OP)induced by ovariectomy(OVX),retinoic acid(RA)and dexamethasone(DXM)in rats were introduced in this study.In the same time,the influence on tibia fracture healing in rats was also observed.Moreover,the anti-inflammation effects and analgesia of BXQBP in mice and rats were also studied.Results The body weight gain induced by OVX was prevented obviously by administering BXQBP.And serum estradiol and bone gla protein(BGP)were examined by RIA,and results showed that estradiol increased and BGP decreased.Bone mineral density(BMD),bone mineral content(BMC)and bone mass of femur had increased,moreover,calcium content of bone(monitored by atomic absorption)had been improved significantly after BXQBP administration.Furthermore,biomechanical characters of bone were measured by three point bending test,and the anti-bend intensity and maximum bend strength increased remarkably.The alkaline phosphatese(ALP)decreased.And amount of urine calcium(Ca)and hydroxyproline(HOP)decreased obviously.However,effect on the proliferation of endometria was not obvious.The RA induced OP model.Compared with model,the BMD and BMC increased markedly in BXQBP rats(i.g.30 days).And bone mass and calcium content were increased.Then BGP and ALP decreased by administering BXQBP.The anti-band intensity and maximum bend strength increased evidently.And ejection of urine Ca and HOP decreased obviously.The bone trabecula became thinner,and arranged in disorder in OP rats,however,the status was reversed obviously by administrating BXQBP.The OP model also induced by DXM in rats:Effect against weight losing caused by DXM was observed in groups of three doses(i.g.12 weeks)of BXQBP.And BMD,BMC,bone mass and calcium content increased evidently.The results showed that the fracture healing had been enhanced obviously at three doses(i.g.40 days),callus growth was promoted and bone rigidity was reinforced.Moreover,BXQBP had the anti-inflammation and analgesia effects in mice and rats.Conclusions These results indicated that BXQBP had an obviously protective effect on osteoporosis in experimental animals,and promoted the fracture healing.