经腰椎旁区的神经肌肉电刺激对痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能的影响

目的：分析经腰椎旁区的神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)对痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能的影响。方法：将痉挛型脑瘫患儿60例随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,２组均采用常规运动疗法,观察组在实施常规运动疗法中的核心稳定性训练时,辅以经腰椎旁区的NMES激活脊柱深部稳定肌。治疗前及治疗4、8、12周后分别记录患儿粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)评分、Berg平衡量表（BBS）评分、步行速度、生理耗能指数（PCI）。结果：治疗前,2组GMFM评分、BBS评分、步行速度以及PCI均无统计学差异,治疗4周后,２组患儿上述指标与治疗前及组间比较差异无统计学意义;治疗8周后的观察组患儿及治疗12周后的２组患儿上述各项指标较治疗前均有明显改善(均P<0.05),且观察组均优于对照组(均P<0.05)。2组患儿GMFM评分、BBS评分、步行速度以及PCI的时间效应、组间效应和交互作用的差异均具有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论：经腰椎旁区的NMES可明显改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能和平衡功能,提高步行速度,并有效降低步行能量消耗,疗效优于单纯常规运动疗法。     

核心稳定性训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能及步行能力的影响

目的探讨核心稳定性训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能及步行能力的影响。方法痉挛型脑瘫患儿60 例分为两组,对照组(n=30)只接受常规康复训练,试验组(n=30)接受常规的康复训练,在每次运动疗法训练中抽出10~15 min 接受专门提高核心稳定性的训练。两组均治疗3 个月。在康复治疗前后,分别采用粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)的D区、E 区及足印分析法进行评估。结果两组治疗后GMFM的D区和E 区评分、步长、步宽、步速均优于治疗前(P<0.05),试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论核心稳定性训练结合常规康复训练有利于改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能及步行能力。     

体外冲击波联合肉毒毒素治疗对痉挛型脑瘫运动功能和身体活动的影响

目的：探讨体外冲击波（ESW）联合肉毒毒素（BoNT A）治疗对痉挛型脑瘫下肢运动功能和身体活动的影响。方法：将60例2~10岁痉挛型脑瘫儿童随机分为对照组和治疗组各30例，2组均接受患侧小腿三头肌BoNT A注射及常规康复治疗，治疗组在BoNT A注射24h后给予低能量ESW治疗。治疗前后对2组患儿的改良Asworth分级(MAS)、粗大运动功能评分(GMFM)D区和E区、身体活动水平进行评估。结果：治疗后，2组患儿MAS评分降低、GMFM D区和E区评分均较治疗前明显增加（P<0.05），治疗组MAS降低和D区评分增加较对照组显著（P<0.05）。治疗后，2组患儿的静坐时间百分比减少、轻强度身体活动时间百分比增加（P<0.05），且治疗组改善幅度较对照组显著（P<0.05）。结论：ESW联合BoNT A治疗是改善痉挛型脑瘫肌痉挛、站立功能及身体活动的有效方法，比单独BoNT A治疗效果更佳。     

肌内效贴联合运动控制训练对脑瘫患儿运动功能影响的研究

目的:观察肌内效贴联合运动控制训练对痉挛型脑瘫双下肢痉挛及粗大运动功能的影响。方法:收集痉挛型脑瘫患儿58例,随机分为观察组和对照组各29例。对照组进行常规康复功能训练,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用肌内效贴及运动控制治疗。2组患儿均于治疗前和治疗3个月后,采用踝关节被动活动范围(PROM)、改良Ashworth痉挛分级量表(MAS)、粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)中的D区、E区进行测定。结果:治疗后,2组患儿PROM角度、GMFM(D、E区)得分均较组内治疗前明显提高(P0.05),MAS评分明显降低(P0.05),观察组各项评分较对照组改善更为显著(P0.05)。结论:肌内效贴配合运动控制训练能有效缓解痉挛型脑瘫下肢痉挛并提高粗大运动功能。     

小于3岁痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童粗大运动与精细运动发育的相关性研究

目的比较小于3岁痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童粗大运动与精细运动发育之间的相关性。方法以同时接受粗大运动功能测试量表（GMFM）评定和精细运动功能评定量表（FMFM）评定的193例小于3岁的痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童为研究对象，比较GMFM各项分值与FMFM分值在不同月龄和类型患儿中的相关程度，通过多元逐步回归分析确定GMFM5个功能区分值对FMFM分值的影响程度。结果在不同月龄和类型的脑性瘫痪患儿中，GMFM各项分值与FMFM分值具有良好的相关性（r=0．26～0．85，P〈0．05），多元逐步回归分析结果显示GMFM的A区和B区分值对FMFM分值的影响力较大，校正决定系数为0．748，A区的作用更为强烈。结论小于3岁的痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童的粗大运动与精细运动存在着良好的相关性，对不同年龄和类型的脑性瘫痪儿童都应该重视粗大运动与精细运动训练相结合，同时必须加强基本运动功能训练。     

情景互动智能步行训练对痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童下肢运动功能的影响

目的：研究情景互动智能步行训练联合常规康复治疗对痉挛型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能的影响。方法：40例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分为对照组和观察组各20例。对照组接受常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上增加情景互动智能步行训练。2组患儿在治疗前和治疗12周后,分别测量足背屈角和进行粗大运动功能（GMFM 88）、三维步态分析评估运动功能。结果：治疗12周后,2组患儿足背屈角均较治疗前明显增加（均P＜0.05）,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;2组患儿GMFM评分D、E区明显高于治疗前（均P＜0.05）,且观察组明显高于对照组（均P＜0.05）;2组患儿步长较治疗前明显变长、步速更快（均P＜0.05）,支撑相明显缩短、摆动相增加（均P＜0.05）,且观察组的步速、支撑相和摆动相优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：情景互动智能步行训练能改善痉挛型脑瘫儿童的足背屈角,提高粗大运动功能,改善步态。     

针刺对痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿运动功能的影响

目的观察在进行康复训练同时配合针刺治疗对痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能的影响。方法将66 例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分成对照组(n=33)和观察组(n=33),观察两组患儿治疗前后粗大运动功能测试(GMFM)评分。结果治疗后,两组GMFM评分显著提高(P<0.001);观察组提高值高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论针刺结合康复训练可更有效提高患儿的粗大运动功能。     

高压氧合并功能训练对儿童脑性瘫痪大运动功能的影响

目的探讨小儿脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)患者综合治疗的方法与疗效。方法对50例小儿脑瘫患者随机分为治疗组25例,对照组25例。治疗组接受高压氧并用康复功能训练治疗;对照组只接受高压氧治疗,采用大运动功能评价量表(GMFM)进行功能评定。结果治疗组与对照组相比大运动功能评分均有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论高压氧治疗并用康复功能训练利于提高小儿脑瘫患者的综合功能。     

仿生训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能的影响

目的：探讨仿生训练对痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿粗大运动功能的影响。方法：选取痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿40例,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。2组患儿均进行常规康复训练,观察组在常规康复训练的基础上增加仿生训练(兔子跳跃、蜥蜴行走、猴子攀爬)。在训练前后分别对2组患儿用粗大运动功能评估量表（GMFM）、Peabody粗大运动发育量表(PDMS-GM)进行评估,并利用关节量角器对其内收肌角、足背屈角进行测量。观察训练前后2组痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿GMFM、PDMS-GM原始分差异及患儿内收肌角、足背屈角差异。结果：治疗12周后,2组GMFM及PDMS-GM评分均较治疗前显著提高（均P＜0.05）,且观察组均高于对照组(均P＜0.05);2组患儿内收肌角及足背屈角均大于治疗前(均P＜0.05),且观察组均大于对照组(均P＜0.05)。结论：仿生训练可改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能。     

头针配合运动疗法治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效观察

目的观察头针配合运动疗法治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效。方法将80例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。观察组采用头针配合运动疗法治疗,对照组只采用运动疗法治疗。治疗3个月后比较两组的小儿功能独立性评定(WeeFIM)和粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)评分。结果治疗期间所有患儿均无不良反应。观察组WeeFIM评分、GMFM评分均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论头针能促进运动疗法改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的肢体运动功能的效果。     

运动终板药物注射治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的效果

目的观察运动终板药物注射治疗痉挛型脑瘫患儿的效果。方法230 例痉挛型脑瘫患儿分为对照组和观察组,每组115 例。对照组给予综合康复,包括功能训练、物理因子治疗及药物应用;观察组在此基础上加痉挛肌肉运动终板注射维生素B1和维生素B12。治疗前后采用粗大运动功能测试(GMFM)评价患儿功能区的运动功能,采用改良Ashworth 量表(MAS)评价痉挛程度,采用CDCC婴幼儿智能发育量表测定智力发育指数(MDI)和心理运动发育指数(PDI)。结果治疗后,两组患儿的粗大运动功能明显改善,MAS分级明显降低,MDI和PDI评分明显增加(P<0.01);且观察组均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肌肉运动终板药物注射能提高脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能,减轻痉挛,改善智力发育。     

穴位疏通法结合Vojta训练治疗痉挛型脑瘫疗效观察

目的观察穴位疏通法结合Vojta训练治疗痉挛型脑瘫的疗效。方法220例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组，各110例。治疗组采用中医传统针刺及按摩手法，结合Vojta训练；对照组采用静脉滴注脑活素等药物。采用粗大运动功能评定量表（GMFM）于治疗前后对两组患儿进行评定。结果治疗组患儿的GMFM评分显著优于对照组（P〈0.001）。结论穴位疏通法结合Vojta训练对改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的运动功能有明显疗效。     

A型肉毒毒素配合药浴对脑性瘫痪患儿痉挛的疗效

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素注射与康复训练和药浴相结合治疗脑瘫患儿痉挛的效果。方法80 例痉挛型和混合型脑瘫患儿分为两组,每组40 例。对照组采用运动疗法;观察组采用A型肉毒毒素注射后进行康复训练和药浴。治疗前后采用改良Ashworth评定量表(MAS)、粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM-88)进行评定。结果治疗3 个月后,两组患儿MAS评分、GMFM评分均优于治疗前(P<0.05),观察组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论A型肉毒毒素注射配合康复训练和药浴能降低肌张力,有效提高痉挛型和混合型脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能。     

引导式教育结合推拿对重度脑瘫患儿活动能力的影响

目的分析引导式教育与推拿治疗相结合对重度脑瘫患儿活动能力的影响。方法2010 年4 月～2010 年10 月上海市徐汇区致康康健园接受康复治疗的11 例脑瘫患儿参加本研究,其中男性7 例,女性4 例;痉挛型四肢瘫7 例,痉挛型双瘫1 例,徐动型2 例,肌张力障碍型1 例;年龄4.7～11.9 岁,平均7.47 岁。患儿随机分成两组：A 组(n=5)前3 个月进行引导式教育和推拿治疗,后3 个月进行常规物理治疗;B组(n=6)前3 个月进行常规物理治疗,后3 个月进行引导式教育和推拿治疗。引导式教育结合推拿治疗期间称为干预期,常规物理治疗期间称为对照期。分别采用粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)和精细运动功能测试量表(FMFM)进行粗大运动功能和精细运动功能测试,采用能力低下儿童评定量表(PEDI)进行日常生活能力测试,比较引导式教育结合推拿与常规物理治疗在提高脑瘫患儿活动能力方面的疗效差异。结果干预期的GMFM分值和FMFM分值上升或呈上升趋势(P<0.05),而在对照期呈下降趋势。差值比较,GMFM分值变化无显著性差异;而FMFM分值变化有显著性差异,且干预期高于对照期(P<0.05)。PEDI 各项分值变化无显著性差异。结论与常规物理治疗相比引导式教育结合推拿治疗可能会提高重度脑瘫患儿的精细运动功能。     

Evaluating intense rehabilitative therapies with and without acupuncture for children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial

Duncan B, Shen K, Zou L-P, Han T-L, Lu Z-L, Zheng H, Walsh M, Venker C, Su Y, Schnyer R, Caspi O. Evaluating intense rehabilitative therapies with and without acupuncture for children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of conventional therapies (physical, occupational, and hydrotherapies) plus acupuncture with those without acupuncture when administered intensely in the management of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).DesignEvaluation-blind, prospective randomized controlled trial.SettingTherapies and video-recorded assessments at a children’s hospital in Beijing, China, and blind scoring and data analyses at a university in the United States.ParticipantsChildren (N=75), 12 to 72 months of age, with spastic CP.InterventionsIntensely administered (5 times per week for 12wk) physical therapy, occupational therapy, and hydrotherapy either with acupuncture (group 1) or without acupuncture (group 2). To satisfy standard of care, group 2 subsequently received acupuncture (weeks 16–28).Main Outcome MeasuresThe Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66 and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) assessments at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 28 weeks.ResultsAt the end of 12 weeks, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups, but when group 2 received acupuncture (16–28wk) there was a shift toward improvement in the GMFM-66 and the PEDI-Functional Skills Self-Care and Mobility domain. When groups were combined, statistically significant improvements after intense therapies occurred from baseline to 12 weeks for each outcome measure at each Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. After adjusting for expected normative maturational gains based on age, the GMFM gains for children with GMFCS II level was statistically significant (P<.05) with a mean gain of 6.5 versus a predicted gain of 3.4.ConclusionsIntense early administered rehabilitation improves function in children with spastic CP. The contribution from acupuncture was unclear. Children's response varied widely, suggesting the importance of defining clinical profiles that identify which children might benefit most. Further research should explore how this approach might apply in the U.S.     

Effects of a functional therapy program on motor abilities of children with cerebral palsy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the motor abilities of children with spastic cerebral palsy who were receiving functional physical therapy (physical therapy with an emphasis on practicing functional activities) improved more than the motor abilities of children in a reference group whose physical therapy was based on the principle of normalization of the quality of movement. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 55 children with mild or moderate cerebral palsy aged 2 to 7 years (median=55 months). METHODS: A randomized block design was used to assign the children to the 2 groups. After a pretest, the physical therapists for the functional physical therapy group received training in the systematic application of functional physical therapy. There were 3 follow-up assessments: 6, 12, and 18 months after the pretest. Both basic gross motor abilities and motor abilities in daily situations were studied, using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the self-care and mobility domains of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), respectively. RESULTS: Both groups had improved GMFM and PEDI scores after treatment. No time x group interactions were found on the GMFM. For the PEDI, time x group interactions were found for the functional skills and caregiver assistance scales in both the self-care and mobility domains. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The groups' improvements in basic gross motor abilities, as measured by the GMFM in a standardized environment, did not differ. When examining functional skills in daily situations, as measured by the PEDI, children in the functional physical therapy group improved more than children in the reference group.     

脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能与日常生活能力的相关性研究

目的分析脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能与日常生活能力之间的相关性。方法对42例脑瘫患儿(男性26例、女性16例,年龄49.5±21.5个月;痉挛型四肢瘫11例、痉挛型双瘫22例、痉挛型偏瘫5例、徐动型2例、肌张力障碍型2例)采用脑瘫粗大运动功能分级系统(GMFCS)和粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)进行粗大运动功能分级和评估;采用能力低下儿童评定量表(PEDI)进行日常生活能力评定,分析不同GMFCS等级脑瘫患儿的日常生活能力表现,以及粗大运动功能与日常生活能力之间的相关性。结果患儿的GMFCS等级越高,PEDI标准分越低;GMFM66与PEDI的移动能力和自理能力的尺度化分之间的相关性最高(r=0.84),与社交能力尺度化分的相关系数为0.72。结论脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能在很大程度上影响其日常生活能力,应把粗大运动功能训练作为脑瘫康复的主要训练项目,并依据不同GMFCS分级确定日常生活能力训练目标。     

Effects of hippotherapy on gait parameters in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy

Kwon J-Y, Chang HJ, Lee JY, Ha Y, Lee PK, Kim Y-H. Effects of hippotherapy on gait parameters in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of hippotherapy on temporospatial parameters and pelvic and hip kinematics of gait in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.

Design

Nonrandomized prospective controlled trial.

Setting

Outpatient therapy center.

Participants

Children (N=32) with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, Gross Motor Function Classification System level 1 or 2.

Intervention

Hippotherapy (30min twice weekly for 8 consecutive weeks).

Main Outcome Measures

Temporospatial parameters and pelvic and hip kinematic parameters in 3-dimensional motion analysis, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-88, and score for dimensions D (standing) and E (walking, running, jumping) of the GMFM, GMFM-66, and Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS).

Results

Hippotherapy significantly improved walking speed, stride length, and pelvic kinematics (average pelvic anterior tilt, pelvic anterior tilt at initial contact, pelvic anterior tilt at terminal stance). Scores for dimension E of the GMFM, GMFM-66 and PBS also increased.

Conclusions

Hippotherapy provided by licensed health professionals using the multidimensional movement of the horse may be used in conjunction with standard physical therapy for improvement of gait and balance in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.     

The effects of progressive functional training on lower limb muscle architecture and motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy

[Purpose] To investigate the effects of progressive functional training on lower limb muscle architecture and motor function of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 26 children with spastic CP. [Methods] Thirteen subjects in the experimental group performed general neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) and additional progressive functional trainings and 13 subjects in the control group performed only general NDT 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Ultrasonography, gross motor function measurement (GMFM) and the mobility questionnaire (MobQue) were evaluated. [Results] After the intervention, the muscle thickness of the quadriceps femoris (QF), cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris (RF), pennation angle of the gastrocnemius (GCM) and the MobQue score of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. The muscle thickness of QF correlated with the cross-sectional area (CSA) of RF and the pennation angle of GCM, and GMFM score correlated with the pennation angle of GCM. [Conclusion] Progressive functional training can increase muscle thickness, CSA, and the pennation angle of the lower limb muscles, and improve the mobility of spastic CP children making it useful as a practical adjunct to rehabilitation therapy.Key words: Cerebral palsy, Function, Ultrasonography     

触发点针刺联合下肢机器人训练对脑性瘫痪患儿腘绳肌痉挛疗效的临床观察

目的:探讨触发点针刺联合下肢机器人训练对痉挛型双瘫的脑瘫患儿腘绳肌痉挛改善的影响。方法:将70例痉挛型双瘫的脑瘫患儿按随机数字表法分为观察组(35例,脱落1例)和对照组(35例,脱落3例)。两组均予康复治疗、传统针灸治疗等常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予下肢机器人训练,每日1次,每周5次,连续治疗4周;观察组在常规治疗的基础上给予触发点针刺联合下肢机器人训练,每日1次,每周5次,连续治疗4周。治疗前、治疗四周后分别采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、三维步态分析、粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)进行评定。结果:与治疗前比较,两组患儿治疗后MAS评分下降,平均速度、步频提高,跨步长、步长提高,膝关节活动度提高,GMFM-D区、E区评分提高(P<0.05);治疗后观察组MAS评分、平均速度、步频、膝关节活动度、GMFM-D区、E区评分的改善均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:触发点针刺联合下肢机器人训练有助于缓解脑瘫患儿腘绳肌痉挛,改善患儿步态及站立、步行功能。