硫辛酸与甲钴胺联合治疗糖尿病周围神经病变疗效观察

糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是常见的糖尿病微血管并发症之一,DPN主要临床表现为肢体疼痛、麻木、发凉、感觉异常等,临床发病率较高,在2型糖尿病患者中DPN的发病率高达60%~90%,而由DPN所致的糖尿病足的截肢率则高达80%,严重影响糖尿病患者的生活质量,近年来,我们采用硫辛酸与甲钴胺联用治疗DPN,效果良好,现报道如下。     

甲钴胺不同给药方法治疗周围神经病变的疗效比较

糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是糖尿病常见的慢性并发症,对患者的生活质量有很大影响。DPN可累及肢体感觉神经、运动神经,出现感觉异常和运动障碍。甲钴胺是治疗糖尿病神经病变的安全有效药物。但是临床上对于甲钴胺注射液的用法没有一个统一的规范,本研究对甲钴胺注射液肌内注射与静脉注射治疗DPN的疗效进行观察,为临床治疗护理提供科学依据。现报告如下。     

血清25-(OH)维生素D3与糖尿病周围神经病变相关性研究进展

糖尿病最多见的一个并发症为糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN),周围神经功能障碍是其普遍表现,更多表现为下肢的感觉和运动功能异常或障碍,肌肉力量减退,继而发生肌萎缩。国际上关于糖尿病周围神经病变的机制研究有很多,涉及氧化应激、多元醇通路激活、硝基化反应等多个方面。近年来,关于血清25-(OH)维生素D3与DPN相关性的研究越来越多,现对其做一简单综述。     

糖尿病周围神经病变的中医药临床治疗近况

概述中医治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的近况.DPN是糖尿病的主要并发症之一,属于中医学"痹证""痿证""血痹"范畴.其基本病机是阴虚为本、燥热为标,进而出现气耗阴伤之证,临床表现为肢体麻木、疼痛或感觉异常,肌腱反射减弱或消失,肌电图异常等.近年来,中医对DPN治疗进行了不断的探索,取得了较好的临床疗效,治疗以活血化瘀,益气养阴为主,理气助阳、祛风渗湿为辅.     

温阳通络法对糖尿病神经病变血清胰岛素样生长因子-1表达的影响

<正>糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)常伴有神经营养因子表达的异常,高糖环境下胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)的减少可能是导致DPN神经轴突损伤及神经脱髓鞘的重要原因,IGF-1是DPN治疗的新靶点[1]。在既往的研究中,我们已经证实具有温阳活血通络之效的扶阳通络汤对寒凝血瘀证糖尿病周围神经病变安全有效并有抗     

肌氨肽苷注射液联合甲钴胺治疗糖尿病周围神经病变120例观察

糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一，通常表现为对称性四肢麻木、疼痛及其他异常感觉，严重影响糖尿病患者的生活质量。而DPN的临床治疗缺乏特异性，常用的治疗方法疗效不理想，因此积极寻求新的治疗方法十分必要。我们应用肌氨肽苷注射液联合甲钴胺治疗DPN患者120例，取得了满意疗效，报告如下。     

尼莫地平治疗糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

目的　研究观察尼莫地平治疗糖尿病周围神经病变 (DPN)临床疗效。方法　对 49例糖尿病合并周围神经病变患者应用尼莫地平治疗 ,观察治疗前后症状、体症及神经传导速度变化情况。结果　经尼莫地平治疗后疼痛、麻木及感觉异常均有不同程度改善 ,治疗后NCV有不同程度提高。结论　尼莫地平治疗DPN有较好的疗效     

耳穴埋籽用于糖尿病周围神经病变患者的效果评价

<正>糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)是指糖尿病引起的末梢神经受损,主要表现为四肢感觉疼痛或异常,严重出现四肢瘫痪、溃疡或坏疽等严重并发症,是导致糖尿病患者致残最主要原因[1]。DPN的发病机制十分复杂,西医西药尚无特效的治疗手段[2]。耳穴埋籽是将王不留行籽粘贴于相应的耳穴上,并给予按压刺激耳部反射区来达到治疗或预防疾病的一种     

弥可保与前列地尔联合治疗糖尿病周围神经病变体会

糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）是糖尿病常见的慢性并发症之一,临床症状以四肢自发性疼痛、感觉异常、麻木痉挛、胃肠及膀胱功能障碍为主要特征,其发病与血管障碍、代谢紊乱、自身免疫反应及遗传等多种因素有关,发病率高,     

2型糖尿病周围神经病变经皮氧分压检测的临床意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者下肢局部经皮氧分压(TcPO2)与周围神经病变的关系。方法 115例2型糖尿病患者,其中并发神经病变患者(DPN)66例,无神经病变者49例,另健康人群对照组(Con)40例,均应用TCM雷度400经皮氧分压检测仪检测双侧膝下及足背TcPO2值,并比较各组间TcPO2值及异常率。结果 2型糖尿病并发神经病变患者(DPN)膝下及足背局部TcPO2值较2型糖尿病未合并周围神经病变者(NDPN)及正常对照组(Con)低(P<0.05)。并且健康成人组,糖尿病未合并神经病变组,糖尿病周围神经病变下肢经皮氧分压异常率人数比分别为12.5%、34.0%和81.8%。结论 2型糖尿病患者下肢局部氧分压测定对于早期诊断糖尿病周围神经病变有一定的临床价值。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.