老年女性便秘的常见原因—直肠前突

本文对69例老年便秘患者进行排粪造影检查,发现33例有不同程度直肠前突,占48.67％,其中女性30例(90.91％),特别是经产妇,在各种造成便秘的原因中居首位。排粪造影简单易行,而且准确可靠,是一种诊断直肠前突的理想方法。     

便秘症状与肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验结果的相关性研究:166例临床分析

背景:便秘是最常见的消化系统问题之一,有观点认为不同便秘症状或症状群对慢性便秘的病理生理机制可能有一定提示作用。肛门直肠测压是研究便秘病理生理机制的重要手段。目的:探讨便秘症状与肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验结果之间的相关性。方法:连续纳入166例功能性便秘患者,行肛门直肠测压和结肠传输试验,并记录其排便次数减少、粪便干结、排便费力、排便不尽感、肛门梗阻感和腹胀症状发生情况。分析上述症状与两项检测结果的相关性。结果:腹胀组直肠最小感觉阈值降低发生率、排便次数减少组和排便费力组直肠推进力不足发生率均显著高于相应症状阴性组(P0.05),直肠肛门抑制反射不良组排便费力发生率显著低于反射正常组(P0.05);结肠慢传输以及肛门括约肌松弛不良、直肠肛门矛盾运动均与便秘症状无关。结论:排便次数减少和排便费力对直肠推进力不足有提示作用,腹胀则与直肠感觉过敏有关。深入细化便秘症状并综合考虑影响粪便性状的因素可能对慢性便秘的病理生理分型具有更好的提示作用。     

排粪造影诊断顽固性便秘的价值

在临床工作中我们发现 ,部分便秘患者多年得不到正确治疗的主要原因是缺乏客观检查侬据。目前一般将顽固性便秘分为两型 :1结肠排空障碍型 :常见原因有痉挛性结肠、结肠迟缓无力、结肠易激综合征、部分结肠冗长、先天性巨结肠、继发性巨结肠等。 2出口梗阻型 (亦称直肠排空障碍型 ) ;该型顽固性便秘较为常见。常见病因有直肠前突症(RC)、盆底痉挛综合征、直肠内套叠、内括约肌失弛缓症、耻骨直肠肌肥厚等。排粪造影是对排粪异常进行病因诊断的一种动静态结合的检查方法 ,能显示肛管直肠部的器质性病变和功能性异常 ,为临床治疗提供可靠依据…     

动态经会阴超声对女性排便梗阻综合征诊断价值的研究

目的以传统X线排粪造影为金标准,评估动态经会阴超声对女性排便梗阻综合征的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2021年12月南京中医药大学附属南京中医院收治97例女性排便梗阻综合征患者资料,患者均接受X线排粪造影和动态经会阴超声检查,分别对直肠前突、直肠黏膜内套叠、肠疝、会阴下降、不协调性排便进行评估,并对两种影像学的诊断结果进行一致性检验。 结果动态经会阴超声诊断直肠前突、直肠黏膜内套叠、肠疝、会阴下降、不协调性排便的灵敏度分别为88%、86%、83%、67%、95%,特异度分别为90%、96%、99%、96%、86%。两种影像学在评估直肠前突分度上显示一致性中等,Kappa系数为0.538;直肠黏膜内套叠、会阴下降和不协调性排便一致性较好,Kappa系数分别为0.727、0.655、0.791;肠疝一致性极好,Kappa系数为0.822。经会阴超声测得静息状态肛直角大于X线排粪造影(121.79±9.54 vs.112.69±11.73,P<0.05)。 结论动态经会阴超声在诊断女性排便梗阻综合征上显示了较高特异性,是一项有效评估女性排便梗阻综合征的影像学技术。     

改良吻合器经肛直肠切除术治疗老年直肠前膨出的临床疗效

<正>直肠前膨出亦称直肠前突(RC),即直肠前壁突出,发病率高,绝大多数为女性,尤以老年女性经产妇及子宫切除术后多见,其临床表现主要为排便困难、肛门阻塞、便不尽及下坠感、单次排便时间延长及排便间期延长。部分患者排便时需手指挤压会阴部、阴道后壁或抠入肛门方可协助粪便排出,为出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)的常见原因之一,约占女性功能性排便障碍性疾病的30%~60%〔1,2〕。本文旨在探讨改良吻合器经肛直     

女性气虚型功能性出口梗阻型便秘的测压特点分析

目的探讨女性气虚型功能性出口梗阻型便秘（OOC）患者肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能的特点。 方法回顾性分析南京市中医院2018年1月至2018年12月期间在便秘平台收治的53例OOC患者及60名健康志愿者的肛门直肠动力及直肠感知功能资料。 结果53例患者的平均肛管静息压高于健康志愿者（t＝4.985,P<0.01）,平均最大收缩压低于健康志愿者（t＝7.555,P<0.01）。直肠排便压中,所有患者的平均排便压也是低于健康志愿者的（t=4.297,P<0.01）。肛门括约肌长度OOC患者较女性健康者增长（t=4.825,P<0.01）;不同合并症女性OOC患者肛管静息压与健康志愿者相比差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=5.257,t_会阴下降=6.091,t_内套叠=4.23;P<0.05）。总体平均最大收缩压低于正常参考值,各型患者与健康志愿者差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=6.277,t_会阴下降=5.306,t_内套叠=3.293;P<0.05）;直肠排便压中,各型患者均表现排便压较低,但仅直肠前突及会阴下降与健康者相比差异均有统计学意义（t_前突=3.313,t_会阴下降=4.637,P均<0.05）;患者排便阈值及平均排便阈值均高于健康志愿者,差异均有统计学意义（t＝2.818,P<0.01）。虽然53例患者的平均初始阈值高于健康志愿者,但差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）。最大耐受量与健康志愿者相比,差异也没有统计学意义（P>0.05）;4种合并症便秘患者的初始阈值与健康志愿者相差不大,差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。 结论OOC动力特点主要表现为高肛管静息压,低收缩压,以及直肠低敏感性,这说明肛门外括约肌及盆底肌的收缩及协调功能障碍、直肠敏感性下降及对容量刺激的反应较迟钝可能是造成功能性便秘的重要原因。     

功能性排便障碍患者合并焦虑、抑郁和躯体症状的调查

目的了解功能性排便障碍患者合并焦虑、抑郁及躯体症状阳性率及其危险因素分析。 方法选择2020年11月~2021年9月期间就诊于西京消化病院便秘专科门诊的功能性排便障碍患者86例,根据GAD-7、PHQ-9和PHQ-15量表计分,统计患者合并焦虑、抑郁及躯体症状的发生率,并采用Logistics回归分析其危险因素。 结果入组患者86例,男性18例（20.9%）,女性68例（79.1%）,平均年龄（46.7±13.4）岁,中位病程7.5（3~15.3）年。焦虑的发生率80.2%,抑郁的发生率73.2%,躯体症状的发生率94.2%。单因素回归分析可见排便费力（χ²=10.489,P＜0.05）和排便不尽感（χ²=9.389,P＜0.05）与患者合并躯体症状相关。多因素回归分析显示排便不尽感是患者合并焦虑（OR=4.831,95%CI：1.364~17.117,P＜0.05）、抑郁（OR=4.214,95%CI：1.162~15.282,P＜0.05）和躯体症状（OR=7.809,95%CI：1.058~57.617,P＜0.05）的独立危险因素。 结论功能性排便障碍患者极易伴发焦虑、抑郁及躯体症状且患者具有排便不尽症状是合并焦虑、抑郁及躯体症状的独立危险因素。     

聚卡波非钙治疗便秘型肠易激综合征的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照多中心临床试验

目的评估聚卡波非钙片治疗便秘型肠易激综合征（C—IBS）患者的疗效和安全性。方法本试验设计为多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照。经过1周筛选期后，双盲治疗期共入选受试者449例，试验组225例，对照组224例。试验组给予聚卡波非钙片2片，每日3次，三餐后用200ml水送服，连续服用4周。对照组给予安慰剂，服法同试验组。受试者记录每天腹部不适或疼痛及腹部胀气的严重程度、大便次数、大便Bristol分型、排便不尽感、排便费力症状及每周IBS总体症状（便秘和腹部不适／疼痛等）和便秘的严重程度。同时记录试验期间的不良事件。结果在治疗第2周，聚卡波非钙片改善C-IBS患者总体症状及便秘等级较安慰剂更显著。两组患者腹部不适／疼痛、腹部胀气、大便Bristol分型，减少周无排便不尽感天数及周排便不费力天数均有改善，但两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在治疗第3周，试验组患者的排便次数显著多于对照组，但治疗后其余各周次两组间周排便次数比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。试验组发生不良反应率为2．28％，对照组为4．63％，两组间差异无统计学意义（P=0．1996）。结论聚卡波非钙片治疗C—IBS是有效而安全的。     

大于80岁老年慢性便秘病人肛门直肠动力学的研究

目的探讨高龄(80岁)老年慢性便秘病人肛门直肠动力学的改变。方法选取高龄老年慢性便秘病人35例,同时选取非老年成人病人36例、年龄60~80岁老年病人35例,采用灌注式测压装置对病人进行肛管压力及直肠感觉容量的测定。结果高龄老年慢性便秘组肛管静息压、最大缩榨压明显低于老年及非老年慢性便秘组,差异有统计学意义(F=8.578和9.000,均P0.01);高龄老年慢性便秘组女性肛管最大缩榨压低于男性,差异有统计学意义(t=2.193,P=0.036);伴有排便不尽感、排便费力的高龄老年慢性便秘病人的肛门括约肌矛盾运动发生率显著高于无伴随症状的高龄老年便秘病人(χ2=4.65和χ2=4.27,均P0.05)。结论高龄老年便秘病人肛门直肠动力学不同于老年及非老年便秘病人,性别是影响高龄老年便秘病人肛门直肠动力学改变的因素之一。伴有排便困难、排便不尽感的部分高龄老年病人的便秘可能与出口梗阻有关。     

动态磁共振排粪造影在慢性便秘中的应用价值

目的 探讨动态磁共振排粪造影(DMRD)在慢性便秘中的应用价值.方法 符合罗马Ⅲ功能性便秘诊断标准者20例,取仰卧位,垫高背部及头部(与水平面约呈20°角),将含钆喷酸葡胺注射液的玉米糊300 ml注入直肠,使用腹部相控阵线圈,应用快速扰相梯度回波序列采集患者静息、提肛及排便时盆底结构的矢状位图像,结合直肠肛门测压、胃肠传输试验及X线排便造影结果进行评估.结果 DMRD显示有盆底结构功能异常者19例(95%),排便相无明显排便动作2例,合并子宫膀胱异常者6例(33%).16例患者行直肠肛门测压检查,其中5例显示矛盾收缩(31%),DMRD均提示有盆底痉挛,两者在诊断盆底肌矛盾收缩方面符合率为100%.胃肠传输试验发现7例有左半结肠慢传输.DMRD发现X线排便造影未发现的盆底结构和功能异常,其中子宫下垂4例、膀胱下垂4例、直肠黏膜脱垂2例及耻骨直肠肌肥厚2例.结论 DMRD能充分显示盆腔脏器、盆底结构和功能异常,分辨率高,无辐射,对复合性盆底结构和功能障碍引起的便秘有较高的诊断价值.     

Role of pelvicography and colpocystodefecography in diagnosis of outlet obstructive constipation

Aims The aim was to research the changes in pelvic floor morphology and corresponding visceras in patients with outlet obstructive constipation (OOC).Patients and methods Thirty-eight patients with OOC and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. With simultaneous pelvicography and colpocystodefecography (PCCD), including pelvicography, vaginal opacification, voiding cystography and defecography, pelvic floor morphology was observed and the anorectal angle, the level of the perineum, peritoneum and bladder were measured.Results Thirty-seven cases of internal rectal prolapse (IRP), 5 cases of rectocele (RC) and 5 cases of spastic pelvic floor syndrome SPFS were diagnosed by PCCD. 12 IRP, 4 RC and 1 SPFS were detected by common physical examination. All of these were confirmed by PCCD. Moreover, PCCD found 9 pelvic floor hernia or peritoneoceles, 6 cystoceles, 3 descending perineum syndromes and 10 uterine prolapses. Compared with controls, OOC patients had a significantly large anorectal angle during defecation, abnormal descending of the perineum at rest and during defecation, and a deep pouch of Douglas during defecation. Some patients with urinary system symptoms may have had an abnormal descent of the bladder during rest and defecation.Conclusion Simultaneous PCCD has a higher positive ratio than the common physical examination in diagnosing IRP and RC, and provides information for the diagnosis of pelvic floor hernia or peritoneocele, cystocele or uterine prolapse. PCCD is helpful in the selection of a proper surgical procedure.     

TST治疗出口梗阻型便秘疗效分析

目的探讨选择性痔上黏膜切除术(TST)治疗出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)的疗效。 方法对72例OOC患者采用TST治疗,观察术后临床症状缓解情况和相关并发症,并进行量化评分比较。 结果平均手术时间35 min(25～45 min),平均术中出血20 ml(10～50 ml)。术后除1例肛门狭窄,2例术后吻合口出血,3例出现暂时性排气失控,6例出现一过性急便感外,无其他手术并发症。术后排便频率、排便感、肛门坠胀、排便方式、排便时间评分较术前明显降低,P<0.05。72例患者中,治愈51例,好转16例,无效5例,总有效率为93.1%(67/72)。术后随访3～24月,平均13.6个月,随访期间无复发病例。 结论TST治疗OOC操作简单、创伤小、并发症少,且近期疗效满意。     

Determinants of respiratory symptom development in patients with chronic airflow obstruction

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to identify the determinants of respiratory symptom development in patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO). METHODS: Categories of symptomatic and asymptomatic CAO were defined using questionnaire responses and spirometric results. We analyzed data obtained as part of the second South Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (Korean NHANES II). RESULTS: Among 187 patients with CAO, 69 had no respiratory symptoms. CAO patients with symptoms were significantly older than those without symptoms (P=0.026), and hypertension was more common among symptomatic CAO patients than among asymptomatic CAO patients (P=0.005). According to questionnaire responses, symptomatic CAO patients had more difficulty in walking or lifting (P<0.001), required more help with personal care (P=0.01), and had poorer general health than asymptomatic CAO patients (P=0.008). Symptomatic CAO patients had higher fasting blood glucose levels than asymptomatic CAO patients (P=0.028). Symptomatic CAO patients had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) (P=0.001), forced vital capacity (FVC) (P=0.008), and a ratio of FEV1/FVC than asymptomatic CAO patients (P<0.001). Statistically significant predictors of symptom development were as follows: age (odds ratio (OR) 1.04, P=0.028), hypertension (OR 4.41, P=0.008), fasting blood glucose (OR 1.02, P=0.034), FEV1 (OR 0.07, P=0.002), FVC (OR 0.08, P=0.009), FEV1/FVC (OR 0.00, P=0.001). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed two independent factors associated with symptom development: FEV1/FVC (OR 0.001, P=0.002) and hypertension (OR 5.95, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In CAO, respiratory symptom development is significantly associated with low FEV1/FVC and the presence of hypertension.     

金属支架治疗肠道恶性梗阻的临床研究

目的探讨金属自膨式支架治疗肠道恶性梗阻的临床疗效及意义。方法对1999年至今我院消化科门诊和住院的31例肠道恶性梗阻患者进行金属自膨式支架置入术。结果31例均放置成功，患者恶心、呕吐、排便困难等梗阻症状得到缓解，生活质量得到提高。结论金属自膨式支架无论是在肠道恶性梗阻无法手术、手术后复发还是在肿瘤切除术后吻合口狭窄等情况下，均可解决梗阻，达到提高患者生存质量的目的。     

老年人外周动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的相关性

目的 探讨老年人外周动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的相关性. 方法 选择拟行冠状动脉造影的老年住院患者152例,年龄62～91岁.于冠状动脉造影前1周内行颈动脉和股动脉超声检查.分别测量颈动脉和股动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块总面积及颈动脉斑块总积分,并判断颈动脉粥样硬化分型,冠心病病变的程度和范围以冠状动脉病变支数及Gensini积分表示. 结果颈动脉IMT、斑块发生率、斑块总面积及斑块总积分在冠心病单支病变组(16例)分别为(0.93±0.10)mm、61.3%、(0.58±0.11)mm~2及(3.82±2.11)分;双支病变组(41例)分别为(0.92±0.14)mm、72.5%、(1.57±0.37)mm~2及(4.59±3.39)分;3支病变组(72例)分别为(0.95±0.11)mm、87.3%、(1.88±0.15)mm~2及(6.67±5.90)分;非冠心病组(23例)分别为(0.81±0.13)mm、42.7%、(0.28±0.69)mm~2及(1.83±1.65)分.股动脉IMT、斑块发生率及斑块总面积在冠心病单支病变组分别为(0.97±0.11)mm、38.3%及(0.24±0.26)mm~2;双支病变组分别为(1.07±0.15)mm、57.9%及(0.51±0.21)mm~2;3支病变组分别为(1.15±0.14)mm、59.5%及(0.59±0.23)mm~2;非冠心病组分别为(0.90±0.13)mm、26.8%及(0.20±0.17)mm~2.冠心病各组上述各项指标高于非冠心病组(均P<0.05),其中双支病变组和3支病变组颈动脉斑块总面积、股动脉斑块总面积及股动脉IMT高于单支病变组(均P<0.05),3支病变组颈动脉斑块总积分高于单支病变组和双支病变组(均P<0.05).相关分析结果表明.颈动脉粥样硬化分型、斑块总积分及面积与冠脉病变支数间呈正相关(r分别为0.282、0.307及0.494,均P<0.01);颈动脉粥样硬化斑块面积与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.472,P<0.01).股动脉IMT、斑块总面积与冠脉病变支数呈正相关(r分别为0.415及0.692,均P<0.01),与Gensini积分亦呈正相关(r分别为0.404、0.648,均P<0.01).颈动脉斑块总面积(OR=2.2;95%CI 0.79～2.46)、股动脉斑块总面积(OR=1.6;95%CI 0.28～1.35)及股动脉IMT(OR=1.6;95% CI 1.20～15.10)是冠状动脉Gensini积分的独立预测因子. 结论 超声检查结果评价老年人外周动脉粥样硬化与冠心病的严重程度相关.     

Oxidative damage, pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-α and c-myc in chronic HCV-related hepatitis and cirrhosis

AIM: To assess whether a correlation exists between oxidative DNA damage occurring in chronic HCV-related hepatitis and expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-alpha and c-myc. METHODS: The series included 37 patients with chronic active HCV-related hepatitis and 11 with HCV-related compensated cirrhosis. Eight-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver biopsies was quantified using an electrochemical detector. The mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, TGF-alpha and c-myc in liver specimens was detected by semi-quantitative comparative RT-PCR. RESULTS: TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in hepatitis patients than in cirrhosis patients (P=0.05). IL-1beta was higher in cirrhosis patients (P=0.05). A significant correlation was found between TNF-alpha and staging (P=0.05) and between IL-1beta levels and grading (P=0.04). c-myc showed a significantly higher expression in cirrhosis patients (P=0.001). Eight-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were significantly higher in cirrhosis patients (P=0.05) and in HCV genotype 1 (P=0.03). Considering all patients, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were found to be correlated with genotype (P=0.04) and grading (P=0.007). Also multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation among the number of DNA adducts, TNF-alpha expression and HCV genotype (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: In chronic HCV-related liver damage, oxidative DNA damage correlates with HCV genotype, grading and TNF-alpha levels. As HCV-related liver damage progresses, TNF-alpha levels drop while IL-1beta and c-myc levels increase, which may be relevant to liver carcinogenesis.     

Oxidative damage, pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-α and c-myc in chronic HCV-related hepatitis and cirrhosis

AIM: To assess whether a correlation exists between oxidative DNA damage occurring in chronic HCV-relatecl hepatitis and expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-α and c-myc.METHODS: The series included 37 patients with chronic active HCV-related hepatitis and 11 with HCV-related compensated cirrhosis. Eight-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver biopsies was quantified using an electrochemical detector. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-αand c-myc in liver specimens was detected by semiquantitative comparative RT-PCR.RESULTS: TNF-α levels were significantly higher in hepatitis patients than in cirrhosis patients (P=0.05).IL-1β was higher in cirrhosis patients (P=0.05). A significant correlation was found between TNF-α and staging (P=0.05) and between IL-1β levels and grading (P= 0.04). c-myc showed a significantly higher expression in cirrhosis patients (P=0.001). Eight-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were significantly higher in cirrhosis patients (P=0.05) and in HCV genotype 1. (P=0.03).Considering all patients, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels were found to be correlated with genotype (P=0.04)and grading (P=0.007). Also multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation among the number of DNA adducts, TNF-α expression and HCV genotype (P= 0.02).CONCLUSION: In chronic HCV-related liver damage, oxidative DNA damage correlates with HCV genotype, grading and TNF-α levels. As HCV-related liver damage progresses, TNF-α levels drop while IL-1β and c-myc levels increase, which may be relevant to liver carcinogenesis.