胞内氯离子通道蛋白1基因沉默对小鼠肝癌细胞株增殖及侵袭能力的影响

目的 合成和筛选有效抑制细胞内氯离子通道蛋白1 (CLICl) 基因的shRNA序列,构建表达质粒,并进一步研究CLIC1基因的表达被抑制后小鼠肝癌细胞株Hca-F细胞增殖及侵袭能力的变化.方法 设计并合成3条理论上最佳的siRNA序列,进而将相应的双链DNA插入pGPU6/GFP/Neo质粒中,以脂质体Lipofectamine 2000将DNA质粒稳定转染至小鼠Hca-F细胞中,收取细胞进行逆转录多聚酶链反应分析各组的CLIC1 mRNA表达水平,选出最佳干扰序列.应用细胞计数试剂盒检测最佳干扰序列表达质粒稳定转染的Hca-F细胞,对比观察其干扰前后增殖情况的变化;应用transwell小室检测其侵袭能力的变化.对研究数据应用统计学软件SPSS13.0进行方差分析.结果 靶向CLIC1 mRNA的3个shRNA重组质粒载体经测序分析,shRNA编码序列与设计的片段完全一致.经酶切凝胶电泳证实载体构建成功.稳定转染pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-3表达质粒的Hca-F细胞对其CLIC 1 mRNA抑制效果明显,抑制率达42.4%.经该表达质粒的干扰后,Hca-F细胞的增殖能力明显增强,侵袭能力显著下降,空白对照组、无关序列处理组、shRNA干扰组的穿膜细胞个数分别为98.93±5.00、96.27±2.60、50.73±3.89,P值均<0.01.结论 pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-3表达质粒能高效地抑制小鼠Hca-F细胞中CLIC1 mRNA的表达,CLIC1基因具有抑制小鼠肝癌细胞的增殖和促进其侵袭的作用.     

靶向survivin的小干扰RNA对HCCLM6细胞恶性表型的影响

目的 研究survivin基因在肝癌细胞中的表达水平及survivin小干扰RNA对高侵袭潜能人肝癌细胞HCCLM6恶性表型的影响.方法 收集4种人肝癌细胞株,以RT-PCR和Western blot检测survivin蛋白质表达,进而筛选出高表达survivin基因的肝癌细胞.构建针对survivin mRNA的干扰质粒pshRNA-survivin及阴性对照质粒pGPU6/GFP/Neo-NC,并将其转染HCCLM6细胞.实时荧光定量PCR检测survivin mRNA表达量的变化情况;肿瘤细胞黏附实验检测细胞黏附能力的改变及Matrigel侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭力的改变. 结果 4种肝癌细胞随侵袭能力升高survivin mRNA表达水平依次升高(P＜0.05),HCCLM6细胞survivin表达水平最高;Western blot结果与RT-PCR结果一致.HCCLM6细胞转染pshRNA-survivin后,survivin mRNA表达量明显下降,抑制率达93.500%±3.117%,与转染阴性对照质粒组(8.215%±0.797%)相比,差异有统计学意义(t=70.852,P＜0.01).细胞黏附实验结果显示,survivin重组质粒转染组黏附率为11.403%±1.256%,阴性对照组为32.545%±1.367%(t=20.732,P＜0.01).Matrigel侵袭实验结果显示,与阴性对照组[(32.6±1.4)]个相比,转染pshRNA-survivin后,细胞侵袭力明显下降[(13.5±0.9)个,t=14.5,P＜0.01].结论 Survivin与肝癌侵袭转移等恶性生物学行为有关,并随侵袭转移潜能升高表达水平升高.pshRNA-survivin可以特异性抑制高侵袭肝癌细胞HCCLM6中survivin表达,并显著降低其侵袭、黏附能力,小干扰RNA技术有望成为抑制肝癌侵袭转移的新途径.     

Racl shRNA对卵巢癌细胞株Skov3生物学行为的影响

目的 为Racl shRNA治疗卵巢癌提供实验依据.方法 Racl shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Racl-524以LipofectimineTM2000介导转染卵巢癌细胞株Skov3,Transwell肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭实验检测转染细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,Western印迹分析转染细胞MMP2蛋白的表达情况.结果 转染Racl shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Racl-524组、转染非特异shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/NC组和未转染组迁移到滤膜底面的细胞数分别为97±21、319±75、365±92.而侵袭到滤膜底面的细胞数分别为79±22、285±63、324±84,转染Racl shRNA载体组与转染pGPU6/GFP/NC组、未转染组比较差异显著(P<0.05),转染pGPU6/GFP/NC组与未转染组相比无统计学意义(P>0.05).转染Racl shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Racl-524组MMP2蛋白的表达量下降.结论 Racl shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Racl-524可有效抑制卵巢癌细胞Skov3的迁移和侵袭,该抑制作用可能是通过调控MMP2的表达而实现的.     

Rac1 shRNA对卵巢癌细胞株Skov3生物学行为的影响

目的为Rac1 shRNA治疗卵巢癌提供实验依据。方法 Rac1 shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Rac1-524以L ipofectim ineTM2000介导转染卵巢癌细胞株Skov3,Transwell肿瘤细胞迁移和侵袭实验检测转染细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,W estern印迹分析转染细胞MMP2蛋白的表达情况。结果转染Rac1 shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Rac1-524组、转染非特异shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/NC组和未转染组迁移到滤膜底面的细胞数分别为97±21、319±75、365±92,而侵袭到滤膜底面的细胞数分别为79±22、285±63、324±84,转染Rac1 shRNA载体组与转染pGPU6/GFP/NC组、未转染组比较差异显著(P<0.05),转染pGPU6/GFP/NC组与未转染组相比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。转染Rac1 shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Rac1-524组MMP2蛋白的表达量下降。结论 Rac1 shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Rac1-524可有效抑制卵巢癌细胞Skov3的迁移和侵袭,该抑制作用可能是通过调控MMP2的表达而实现的。     

单克隆靶向转移人肝癌细胞株和裸鼠移植模型的建立

目的 建立具有器官转移亲嗜性的单克隆人肝癌细胞株和相应的裸鼠移植模型. 方法 取肺和淋巴结转移亲嗜性人肝癌荧光细胞株HCCLM3-R-LM1及HCCLM3-R-LnM1,通过极限稀释法进行单细胞培养,获得8个HCCLM3-R-LM1来源的单克隆细胞株(LM1-S2,-S3,-S4,-S5,-S11,-S15,-S21,-S23)和5个HCCLM3-R-LnM1来源的单克隆细胞株(LnM1-S7,-S11,-S13,-S17,-S20);将上述人肝癌单克隆细胞分别接种于4周龄的裸鼠皮下,3周后皮下瘤组织移植至裸鼠的肝脏,6周后观察裸鼠肺和腹腔淋巴结转移灶荧光面积,并与肺组织连续切片中的转移灶数目进行比较.同一株细胞的肺和淋巴结转移情况比较用Wilcoxon秩和检验,单克隆细胞株之间的肺、淋巴结转移情况比较用Kruskal-Wallis检验. 结果 在13株人肝癌单克隆细胞中,有6株细胞形成皮下瘤;移植至裸鼠肝脏后表现出不同的转移潜能和器官靶向特性.其中LM1-S3,LM1-S4,LM1-S5和LM1-S11单克隆细胞的肺转移积分吸光度值分别为80923±10162、1506000±297064、36 140±8210和508448±1342729(P＜0.01),但不发生淋巴结转移.LnM1-S11单克隆细胞的肺与淋巴结转移灶积分吸光度值分别为435 062±206 620和1254000±225171. 结论 成功建成了不同转移潜能和器官亲嗜性的人肝癌单克隆细胞株和裸鼠移植模型,其中LM1-S3,LM1-S4,LM1-S5和LM1-S11为肺特异亲嗜性的人肝癌单克隆细胞株,而LnM1-S11细胞为肺和淋巴结双重亲嗜性的人肝癌单克隆细胞株,为肝癌转移器官靶向性研究提供了理想的体内外模型.     

Rac1shRNA对卵巢癌细胞株Skov3细胞周期及凋亡的影响

目的 为Rac1 shRNA应用于卵巢癌治疗提供实验依据.方法 将筛选的有效的Rac1 shRNA载体pGPU6/GFP/Rac1-524以LipofectimineTM2000介导转染卵巢癌细胞株Skov3,48 h后收集细胞,RT-PCR检测转染细胞cyclin D1 mRNA的表达;将转染细胞标记AnnexinⅤ,流式细胞术检测分析转染细胞的凋亡情况.结果 转染Rac1 shRNA pGPU6/GFP/Rac1-524的卵巢癌细胞株Skov3的cyclin D1 mRNA表达量下降;Annexin Ⅴ阳性细胞数(54%)明显高于未转染组(5.6%);Annexin Ⅴ和PI双阳性的细胞数(32.3%)也明显高于未转染组(3.2%).结论 Rac1 shRNA pGPU6/GFP/Rac1-524可以下调cyclin D1的表达,并促使Skov3细胞凋亡.     

COL1A1-shRNA表达质粒构建及抑制COL1A1表达的有效序列的筛选

目的: 构建和筛选对大鼠肝星状细胞前Ⅰ型胶原α1链(COL1A1)mRNA有抑制作用的COL1A1短发夹RNA (shRNA)的表达质粒.方法:从NCBI网站获得大鼠的COL1A1 cDNA序列, 根据Whitehead研究所的siRNA设计软件设计3条理论上最佳的siRNA序列, 相应的双链DNA被插入pGPU6/GFP/Neo质粒中, 即pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-A、pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-B和pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-C. 为得到高效沉默COL1A1-siRNA, 以脂质体LipofectAMINE2000, 将1、2、3、4 μg DNA质粒转染至HSC-T6细胞中, 并观察转染效果. 将最佳沉默siRNA导入HSC-T6细胞, RT-PCR分析各组的COL1A1 mRNA表达水平.结果: 靶向COL1A1 mRNA的3个shRNA重组质粒载体pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-A、pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-B和pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-C经测序分析, shRNA编码序列与设计的片段完全一致, 经酶切凝胶电泳证实载体构建成功. 1、2、3、4 μg组转染效率分别为16.7%、20.3%、23.5%和22.3%, 以2 μg siRNA为最佳剂量, pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-A、pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-B和pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-C对COL1A1 mRNA的抑制率分别为16.6%, 63.3%和80.3%. 结论:筛选出的pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shRNA-C表达质粒能高效地抑制转染细胞COL1A1 mRNA的表达, 从而为肝纤维治疗提供新的方法和材料.     

芦荟大黄素和吡喹酮对小鼠日本血吸虫病肝纤维化模型的影响

目的 探讨芦荟大黄素对血吸虫肝纤维化小鼠的疗效及可能的作用机制.方法 采用日本血吸虫尾蚴感染小鼠建立血吸虫性肝纤维化模型,用芦荟大黄素0.3 mg/kg·d-1灌胃治疗8周.免疫组化检测肝组织转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)、Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原的表达.RT-PCR检测细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(CDK 4)mRNA和细胞周期蛋白DI(cyclin D1)mRNA.结果 实验对照组小鼠肝脏TGF-β1、PDGF、Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原的平均吸光度值分别为0.2775±0.0810、0.2140±0.0069、0.2234±0.0248和0.1849±0.0231,较正常对照组升高(P<0.01).CDK4和cyclinD1基因表达增加.芦荟大黄素干预后,小鼠肝脏TGF-β1、PDGF、Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原的平均吸光度值分别为0.1615±0.0326、0.1324 ±0.0201、0.1652±0.0216和0.1409±0.0206,较实验对照组降低(P<0.01).CDK4和cyclin D1基因表达受到抑制.结论 芦荟大黄素对血吸虫性肝纤维化有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与影响肝星状细胞周期有关.     

MT1-MMP对人肝癌细胞株HepG2生物学行为的影响

目的 观察膜型基质金属蛋白酶-1(MT1-MMP)对人肝癌细胞株HepG2生物学行为的影响.方法 将稳定表达MT1-MMP基因转染至HepG2细胞中,应用RT-PCR、Ⅰ型胶原黏附和Matrigel侵袭小室实验,检测细胞MT1-MMP mRNA水平,体外黏附、侵袭和迁移能力的变化.结果 重组质粒转染株MT1-MMP mRNA表达水平明显高于空质粒组和对照组(P<0.01).MT1-MMP明显提高细胞Ⅰ型胶原黏附、迁移和Matrigel侵袭能力(P<0.01).结论 MT1-MMP过表达可促进HepG2细胞体外侵袭和转移,提示其可作为人肝癌抗侵袭治疗的分子靶点.     

特异性下调LKB1的表达对肝癌细胞侵袭迁移能力的影响

目的研究特异性下调LKB1的表达对肝癌细胞系SK-hep-1迁移侵袭能力的影响。方法 Real-time PCR和Western Blot检测人肝癌细胞株和人正常肝细胞HL7702中LKB1表达情况。设计并合成LKB1特异性双链小干扰RNA(LKB1-siRNA),转染到高表达LKB1的人肝癌细胞株SK-hep-1中靶向沉默LKB1基因表达,并设置阴性对照组(NC组)。Real-time PCR和Western Blot检测LKB1基因的mRNA水平与蛋白表达水平的变化。利用CCK-8法检测肝癌细胞增殖能力。通过体外Transwell小室基质侵袭和迁移实验,观察LKB1表达沉默后对人肝癌细胞株SK-hep-1侵袭迁移能力的影响。计量资料两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果与正常人肝细胞HL7702相比,LKB1基因和蛋白在人肝癌细胞SK-hep-1中高表达(P值均0.05)。与NC组相比,siLKB1-1处理组SK-hep-1细胞中的LKB1基因和蛋白表达均明显降低(P值均0.05)。与NC组相比,siLKB1-1转染的SK-hep-1细胞增殖速度明显加快、侵袭和迁移能力明显增强(1.393±0.022 vs 1.128±0.032、147±19 vs 83±21、113±13 vs 75±17;t值分别为15.313、14.879、8.791;P值均0.001)。结论 LKB1有可能参与抑制肝癌增殖、侵袭迁移的过程并影响肝癌的预后。     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

Application of Granular Biocomposites Based on Homogenised Peat for Absorption of Oil Products

Among the various methods for collecting oil spills and oil products, including from the water surface, one of the most effective is the use of sorbents. In this work, three-component bio-based composite granular adsorbents were produced and studied for oil products’ pollution collection. A bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber from used tyres, and part fly ash as cenospheres were used for absorbent production. The structure, surface morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, and sorption kinetics of the obtained samples were studied. Composite hydrophobicity and sorption capacity to oil products, such as diesel fuel (DF) and motor oil (MO), were determined. The obtained pellets are characterised by a sufficiently pronounced ability to absorb oil products such as DF. As the amount of CR in the granules increases, the diesel absorption capacity increases significantly. The case of 30-70-0 is almost three times higher than the granules from homogenised peat. The increase in q is due to two factors: the pronounced surface hydrophobicity of the samples (Θ = 152°) and a heterogeneous porous granule structure. The presence of the cenosphere in the biocomposite reduces its surface hydrophobicity while increasing the diesel absorption capacity. Relatively rapid realisation of the maximum saturation by the MO was noted. In common, the designed absorbent shows up to 0.7 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for MO and up to 1.55 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for diesel. A possible mechanism of DF absorption and the limiting stages of the process approximated for different kinetic models are discussed. The Weber–Morris diffusion model is used to primarily distinguish the limiting effect of the external and internal diffusion of the adsorbate on the absorption process.     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治健康教育现状调查

目的 调查湖南省岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治知识、行为现状及健康教育需求情况,为制定科学有效的小学生血吸虫病健康教育方案提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取岳阳市城区洞庭湖湖畔学校和中心城区学校各2所,每所再从五、六年级分别抽取2个班的学生,通过调查问卷了解小学生血吸虫病相关知识、预防行为及健康教育需求,并进行统计分析。结果 共调查湖畔小学353人、中心城区小学363人,两组学校小学生年龄、性别、年级构成差异无统计学意义（t=-0.494,χ²_性别=1.615,χ²_年级=2.152;P均>0.05）。学生血吸虫病防治知识总知晓率为42.60%（305/716）,其中,湖畔学校小学生血防知识知晓率（52.97%）高于中心城区（32.51%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=30.661,P<0.05）;学生行为正确率为76.68%（549/716）,血防知识知晓组行为正确率（81.31%）高于不知晓组（71.24%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.384,P<0.05）。学生血防知识主要来源于老师（47.49%）;91.90%的学生愿意了解更多的血防知识,最喜欢的血防知识学习方式是参加课外活动（50.42%）。结论 岳阳市城区小学生的血防知识知晓率及行为正确率偏低,对血吸虫病防治健康教育需求较高。建议针对学生开展形式多样的血防健康教育,以增强学生的血吸虫病防护意识,提高自我防护能力。     

Advanced Evaluation of the Freeze–Thaw Damage of Concrete Based on the Fracture Tests

This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at the assessment of the freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance of concrete based on the evaluation of fracture tests accompanied by acoustic emission measurements. Two concretes of similar mechanical characteristics were manufactured for the experiment. The main difference between the C1 and C2 concrete was in the total number of air voids and in the A300 parameter, where both parameters were higher for C1 by about 35% and 52%, respectively. The evaluation of the fracture characteristics was performed on the basis of experimentally recorded load–deflection and load–crack mouth opening displacement diagrams using two different approaches: linear fracture mechanics completed with the effective crack model and the double-K model. The results show that both approaches gave similar results, especially if the nonlinear behavior before the peak load was considered. According to the results, it can be stated that continuous AE measurement is beneficial for the assessment of the extent of concrete deterioration, and it suitably supplements the fracture test evaluation. A comparison of the results of fracture tests with the resonance method and splitting tensile strength test shows that all testing methods led to the same conclusion, i.e., the C1 concrete was more F–T-resistant than C2. However, the fracture test evaluation provided more detailed information about the internal structure deterioration due to the F–T exposure.