奈达铂联合氟尿嘧啶持续静滴治疗晚期食管癌临床疗效观察

目的 观察奈达铂联合5-Fu持续静滴治疗晚期食管癌的疗效和不良反应.方法 晚期食管鳞癌患者27例,奈达铂80～100 mg/m2加入生理盐水500 ml中静滴2 h;5-Fu 0.25 g/(m2·d),静脉滴注24 h,第1～14天.28 d为1周期,连用2个周期后评价疗效.结果 全组27例均可评价疗效及不良反应,总有效率55.6%.其中初治者19例,部分缓解12例,有效率63.2%;复治者8例,部分缓解3例,有效率37.5%.主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,4例(14.8%)患者出现Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板下降,7例(25.9%)患者出现Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞降低.消化道反应轻,未发现肝肾功能损害.结论 奈达铂联合5-Fu持续静滴治疗晚期食管癌疗效肯定,不良反应小,可代替顺铂作为治疗晚期食管癌的一线方案,对顺铂耐药的患者亦有一定的疗效.     

紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌的临床观察

目的：观察紫杉醇（PTX）联合奈达铂（NDP）治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法：晚期食管癌患者51例,紫杉醇135—175mg／m^2,静脉滴注,第1天;奈达铂80—100mg／m^2,加入生理盐水500ml中静滴2h,第2天;21天为1周期,连用2个周期后评价疗效。结果：全组50例可评价疗效,总有效率58．0％（29／50）,完全缓解3例,部分缓解26例,中位生存期为9．8个月,中位疾病进展时间5．7个月,中位缓解时间4．5个月。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制所致的血小板及白细胞减少,消化道反应轻,未发现肝肾功能损害。结论：紫杉醇联合奈达铂治疗晚期食管癌近期疗效高,安全性较好,患者可耐受,值得临床观察应用。     

奈达铂联合5-氟脲嘧啶治疗晚期食管癌临床研究

目的观察奈达铂（NDP）联合5-氟脲嘧啶（5-Fu）治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效。方法38例晚期食管癌患者应用NDP80mg／m^2,静脉滴注，第1天；5-Fu500mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第1～5天，每3周重复，至少2个周期。结果入组的38例中36例可评价疗效，其中CR0例，PR15例，SD16例，PD5例，总有效率（RR）41．7％；中位缓解期5．2个月；中位生存期9个月，主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制。结论奈达铂联合5-Fu治疗晚期食管癌疗效较好，毒副反应较小，患者耐受性好，值得临床推广应用。     

奈达铂联合诺维本治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效观察

目的：观察奈达铂联合诺维本治疗晚期食管癌的疗效和不良反应。方法：晚期食管鳞癌34例,奈达铂80-100mg/m^2加入NS 500ml静脉滴注2h以上,第1天;诺维本25mg/m^2加入NS 40ml中静脉推注,第1、8天,21天为1周期,连用2个周期后评价疗效。结果：全组34例均可评价疗效及不良反应,总有效率58.8%。其中初治21例中,PR 14例,有效率66.7%;复治13例中,PR 6例,有效率46.2%。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,7例（20.6%）患者出现Ⅲ-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,3例（8.8%）患者出现Ⅲ-Ⅳ度血小板下降。消化道反应轻,未发现肝肾功能损害。结论：奈达铂联合诺维本治疗晚期食管癌疗效肯定,不良反应小,值得临床推广使用。     

奈达铂联合诺维本治疗晚期食管癌的临床疗效观察

目的:观察奈达铂联合诺维本治疗晚期食管癌的疗效和不良反应.方法:晚期食管鳞癌34例,奈达铂80-100mg/m2加入NS 500ml静脉滴注2h以上,第1天;诺维本25mg/m2加入NS 40ml中静脉推注,第1、8天,21天为1周期,连用2个周期后评价疗效.结果:全组 34例均可评价疗效及不良反应,总有效率 58.8%.其中初治21例中,PR 14例,有效率66.7%;复治13例中,PR 6例,有效率46.2%.主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,7例(20.6%)患者出现Ⅲ-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,3例(8.8%)患者出现Ⅲ-Ⅳ度血小板下降.消化道反应轻,未发现肝肾功能损害.结论:奈达铂联合诺维本治疗晚期食管癌疗效肯定,不良反应小,值得临床推广使用.     

奈达铂联合吉西他滨治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察奈达铂（NDP）与吉西他滨（GEM）联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效及不良反应。方法：30例均为不能手术的Ⅲ期-Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者。奈达铂80mg／m^2—100mg／m^2第1天，吉西他滨1000mg／m^2静脉滴注，第1、8天。每21天为1个周期，治疗3周期-4周期。结果：全组总有效率为46．7％（14／30），其中CR1例（3．3％），PR13例（43．3％）。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制及恶心、呕吐，无1例发生肾毒性；无1例因毒性反应而延期化疗。结论：奈达铂加吉西他滨联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有较好的疗效，且耐受较好。     

吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗老年晚期食管癌疗效观察

目的：观察吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗老年晚期食管癌的疗效及不良反应。方法：45例经病理学确诊为食管癌的患者,年龄均大于65岁,给予吉西他滨联合奈达铂化疗,21天为一周期,连用两周期后评价疗效及不良反应。结果：45例患者中CR 10例,PR 9例,SD 5例,PD 21例,总有效率RR为42.2%,中位生存时间9.6个月。结论：吉西他滨联合奈达铂治疗老年晚期食管癌疗效较好,不良反应轻,耐受性好,值得临床推广应用。     

紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗31例晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的：观察紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期转移性腺癌的疗效及不良反应。方法：采用紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期转移性乳腺癌31例。紫杉醇135-175mg／m^2静脉滴注第1天，顺铂70mg／m^2静脉滴注第2天，21-28天为一周期。结果：总有效率58．1％，中位疾病进展时间7个月，中位生存时间20个月，1年生存率61．5％，3年生存率22.3％，5年生存率5.3％。初治组有效率显著优于复治组（77．8％：30．8％，P〈0．05），曾经使用过蒽环类和未用过蒽环类药物患者的有效率分别为50％和66．7％（P〉0．05），有1～2个转移灶患者及多个转移灶患者有效率分别为65％和45．5％（P〉0．05），此方案对于内脏、淋巴结、软组织转移灶有效率相近，骨转移灶有效率相对低（28．6％），但尚未达统计学意义。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制、肌肉关节疼痛、周围神经毒性、胃肠道反应、肝功能异常，多为Ⅰ-Ⅱ度；Ⅲ～Ⅳ度不良反应主要为白细胞减少和胃肠道反应。发生率分别为16．1％和12．9％。结论：紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌具有较好的疗效．不度反应可耐受．     

国产奈达铂治疗食管癌的Ⅱ期临床试验报告

背景与目的：奈达铂是第二代有机铂类抗癌药,国外的临床研究显示该药是一个广谱、高效的抗癌药物,治疗食管癌有效率较高,但是国产奈达铂的临床疗效及其不良反应尚不清楚。本研究目的是观察Ⅱ类新药国产奈达铂对晚期食管癌的疗效及其不良反应。方法：本研究为多中心、前瞻性、随机对照Ⅱ期临床研究。对52例未接受过化疗的初治食管癌患者进行随机分组,试验组30例,接受奈达铂联合5-Fu治疗。对照组22例,接受DDP联合5-FU治疗。结果：30例试验组患者中,27例可评价疗效,30例可评价不良反应。22例对照组患者均可评价疗效和不良反应。在疗效方面,试验组的总有效率高于对照组,分别为29．63％与22．73％（P〈0．05）。其中试验组的CR率为18．51％,而对照组为4．55％。在骨髓抑制方面,Hh下降的发生率两组基本一致：试验组WBC下降和血小板抑制的发生率明显高于对照组,特别是Ⅲ、Ⅳ度血小板下降（20．68％VS．0％,P〈0．01）。试验组消化道反应的总发生率低于对照组．其中呕吐的发生率和严重程度两组之间存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。两组其他不良反应发生率相比无显著性差异。结论：奈达铂对晚期食管癌有一定的疗效,与5-Fu联合的有效率较DDP＋5-FU联合方案有一定优势,临床耐受性较好．主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,特别是严重的血小板下降。     

多西他赛每周给药联合奈达铂治疗晚期高龄非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的：探讨多西他赛每周给药联合奈达铂治疗晚期高龄非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效及不良反应。方法：对33例晚期高龄NSCLC患者用多西他赛30mg／m^2,每周给药,连用3周休息1周;奈达铂80mg／m^2,每周期的第1d给药,每28d为1个治疗周期。3周期评价疗效,以上化疗方案每4周重复,每例进行2—4周期化疗。结果：全组33例,有效率36．36％（12／33）,其中CR1例,PR11例,SD16例,PD5例,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度的中性粒细胞减少发生率为15．15％（5／33）,非血液学毒性主要为消化系统不良反应,其他不良反应轻微。结论：多西他赛每周给药联合奈达铂治疗晚期高龄NSCLC疗效较好,骨髓毒性较轻。     

外泌体在肿瘤发展中的研究进展

外泌体是细胞经过"内吞-融合-外排"等一系列调控过程而形成的细胞外纳米级小囊泡。外泌体可以携带蛋白,运送RNA,在细胞间物质和信息转导中起重要作用。外泌体可能通过调控免疫功能,促进肿瘤血管新生和肿瘤转移,以及直接作用于肿瘤细胞等途径,影响肿瘤的进展。外泌体可应用于肿瘤的诊断。本文总结了近年来有关外泌体在肿瘤发展中作用的研究进展。     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean − 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 μg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 μg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35 ± 0.04 to 0.14 ± 0.02 mm²/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2 ± 1.8 mm² as compared with 41.8 ± 4.2 mm² in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7 ± 0.1 mm as compared with 1.5 ± 0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19 ± 0.02 in controls to 0.03 ± 0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31 ± 0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07 ± 0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29 ± 0.03 to 0.05 ± 0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Received: 9 January 1998 / Accepted: 29 June 1998     

重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

重组人血管内皮抑制素(恩度)是一种广谱的抗血管生成分子靶向药物,主要循证证据为联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC).近年来,重组人血管内皮抑制素用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤的研究逐渐增多,并取得了较好的疗效.此外,有关重组人血管内皮抑制素联合治疗手段、给药途径、给药方法的研究逐渐开展,有利于其合理应用.     

Evaluation of the antitumoral effect of dihydrocucurbitacin-B in both in vitro and in vivo models

Aims  We evaluated both in vitro and in vivo antitumoral properties of an isolated compound from Wilbrandia ebracteata, dihydrocucurbitacin-B (DHCB), using B16F10 cells (murine melanoma). Materials and methods  We made use of MTT and ³H-Thymidine assays to investigate the cell viability and cell proliferation, flow cytometry analysis to monitor cell cycle and apoptosis, western blot analysis to evaluate the expression of cell cycle proteins, imunofluorescence analysis and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Results  Dihydrocucurbitacin-B significantly reduced cell proliferation without important effects on cells viability. DHCB lead cells to accumulate in G2/M phases accompanied by the appearance of polyploid cells, confirmed by fluorescence assays that demonstrated a remarkable alteration in the cell cytoskeleton and formation of binuclear cells. Annexin-V-FITC incorporation demonstrated that DHCB did not induce apoptosis. About 10 μg/mL DHCB was found to decrease cyclin-A, and especially in cyclin-B1. The in vivo experiments showed that DHCB treatment (once a day up to 12 days; p.o.) was able to reduce the tumor growth and lung metastasis up to 83.5 and 50.3%, respectively. Conclusions  Dihydrocucurbitacin-B reduces cell proliferation due to a decrease in the expression of cyclins, mainly cyclin-B1 and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, arresting B16F10 cells in G2/M phase. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that DHCB was effective against cancer, however, it remains to be proved if DHCB will be a good candidate for drug development.     

Effect of trauma of implantation of metastatic tumor in bone in mice

We studied the influence of surgical trauma to the iliac bone on the implantation of I. V. injected tumor cells, which formed tumor in the surgical wounds of 27/84 mice (32%). None of these mice or nonsurgical mice developed tumor in the opposite or uninjured pelvic bone (P < 0.0001). When different numbers (10⁵, 5 × 10⁵, and 10 × 10⁵) of TA3Ha cells were injected I. V. immediately after surgery, the frequency of tumor formation showed an increase (respectively, 32%, 63%, 71%). As the interval between induction of trauma and tumor cell injection was increased from 0 to 15 days, the frequency of tumor formation declined from 32% to 0%. These results suggest that the healing wound is a privileged site for experimental metastasis, particularly in the early stages. It is likely that the proteins in the blood clotting cascade are involved in local tumor implantation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

胶质瘤中微RNA研究进展

微RNA(microRNA,miR)可在转录后水平负调控靶基因表达,miR异常表达与肿瘤生成密切相关.对胶质瘤中多个miR异常表达及其机制的研究将对进一步探讨胶质瘤的分子病理及其诊治开拓新途径.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

中国乳腺癌患者生活质量研究进展

生活质量（qualityoflife,QOL）又译作生命质量、生存质量,它是在世界卫生组织提倡的健康新概念“人们在躯体上、精神上及社会生活中处于一种完好的状态,而不仅仅是没有患病和衰弱”的基础上构建的,是医学模式由生物医学模式向生物一心理一社会医学模式转变的体现。西方发达国家已将此概念广泛应用于临床试验、卫生政策制定和卫生资源效益评价等众多领域。生存质量已作为评价肿瘤患者术后状况的首选指标。     

Contribution of FDG-PET in the management of pediatric sarcomas in 2011

FDG-PET has boomed in recent years for diagnosis, staging and the search for recurrence of a large number of tumors. This is particularly true for soft tissue sarcomas and musculoskeletal sarcomas, for which the first publications on the potential role of FDG-PET dating back to the early 1990s. The majority of published studies on adult sarcomas confer, possibly a mixed population. Studies dedicated to pediatrics population are much rarer. The "Standards, Options and Recommendations" of the French Federation of Anticancer Centers published in 2003 on "The use of FDG-PET in oncology" and make recommendations and expert advices as part sarcomas of adult patients. After a first part dedicated to the particular interpretation of FDG PET in children, the purpose of this paper is to review the potential contribution of this exam in the treatment of pediatric sarcomas.