应用可乐定滴眼液防止激光引起的眼压升高

观察用０．２５％可乐定滴眼液对Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光所致眼压升高的预防作用。将用可乐定的１５０只及未用可乐定的１１９只青光眼与后发白内障患者对比，加用可乐定组激光所致眼压升高眼数的比率（９．３％）明显低于未用可乐定组（６３．０％），其眼压升高值≥１．０６ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）眼的比率（２０％）也明显低于未用可乐定组（１８．５％），且应用可乐走后眼压即使比较剧烈升高的３只眼，其升高后的峰值也不超过３．０６ｋＰａ。因此可以认为用可乐定滴眼液预防激光所致眼压升高安全有效，值得推荐。     

小梁切除术后的激光断线术

４５例４９只青光眼实施巩膜瓣紧密缝合的小梁切除术，其中４１只眼继而作激光断线术（ｌａｓｅｒｓｕｔｕｒｅｌｙｓｉｓ）。平均随访时间１４．７个月（１２～３６个月）。平均眼压从术前的５．９３ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）下降到术后的１．９６ｋＰａ，与同期随机分组的青光眼小粱切除术病例３９例４１只眼进行对照，眼压控制率较高（８９．８％：７３．２％），并发症（浅前房、脉络膜脱离、前房出血、晶体混浊等）明显减少，表明本法是更为有效和安全的抗青光眼手术。本文就激光断线的优点、注意事项及经验等作了介绍。     

雷珠单抗联合Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的　观察玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合Ａｈｍｅｄ青光眼阀植入术对新生血管性青光眼的治疗效果。方法　选择药物无法控制眼压的新生血管性青光眼患者１８例１８眼,先给予患眼玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗０．０５ｍＬ,于注药１周后行Ａｈｍｅｄ青光眼阀植入术,并于术后及时行眼底荧光血管造影及视网膜激光光凝术。结果　注药后２～７ｄ,１６眼新生血管全部消退,２眼残留少许血管。玻璃体腔注药前眼压为３８．０～５９．０（４８．５±９．５）ｍｍ-Ｈｇ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）,注药后１周眼压为３６．５～５９．０（４７．８±１１．３）ｍｍＨｇ,注药前后眼压变化差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。青光眼阀植入术后随访１ａ,１４例患者眼压控制在正常范围,４例患者眼压出现不同程度升高。青光眼阀植入术前后眼压变化差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０.０１）。青光眼阀植入术后视力提高者８例,视力无明显变化者１０例。结论　玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合Ａｈｍｅｄ青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼安全有效。     

国产房水引流置入物治疗顽固性 青光眼近期疗效观察

目的观察国产房水引流置入物治疗顽固性青光眼的近期疗效。方法采用自行设计、北京市橡胶制品设计研究院生产的房水引流置入物，共治疗４０例（４１只眼）顽固性青光眼，其中新生血管性青光眼１６只眼，其它青光眼２５只眼。结果术后随访３～２７个月，平均９．２个月，新生血管性青光眼的眼压，由术前７．２０±１．５１ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）降至术后２．４０±１．３３ｋＰａ，其它青光眼的眼压，由术前６．２７±１．０７ｋＰａ降至术后２．００±２．９３ｋＰａ；成功率分别为８１％和８４％。术后常见并发症有浅前房、前房积血、脉络膜脱离等。结论国产房水引流置入物经济、简便，是治疗顽固性青光眼的有效方法之一。     

手术显微镜下青光眼小梁切除术

在手术显微镜下行小梁切除术８９例１１２例眼，其中急性闭角型青光眼６１眼，慢性闭角型青光眼２３眼，开角型青光眼１９眼，继发性青光眼５眼，先天性青光眼４眼。近期疗效，８９例１１２眼，眼压控制在正常范围内１１１眼（９９．１％），视力提高者６２眼（５５．３％），视野扩大者６９眼（６１．６％），远期疗效：６３例７８眼，随访时间均在１年以上，平均２０个月，眼压控制在正常范围内７７眼（９８．９％），视力提高者４２眼（５３．８％），视野扩大者４７眼（６０．３％），该术疗效提高的原因在于对小梁组织切除部位准确，可靠以及术中组织损伤小，术后形成良好的滤枕有关。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术后皮质类固醇性高眼压和青光眼的临床分析

目的探讨准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ,ＰＲＫ）后皮质类固醇性高眼压（ｃｏｒｔｉｃｏｓｔｅｒｏｉｄｏｃｕｌａｒｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎ）及皮质类固醇性青光眼（ｃｏｒｔｉｃｏｓｔｅｒｏｉｄｇｌａｕｃｏｍａ）的发生率、临床特征及治疗效果。方法用美国ＶＩＳＸ２０／２０准分子激光系统,对ＰＲＫ术后１５９０只眼滴用皮质类固醇（０．１％氟米龙）眼液４～６个月,分别于术后１个月、３个月、６个月、１年及２年观察眼压变化,对于高眼压者给予治疗。结果本组１５９０只眼中４３只眼发生皮质类固醇性高眼压或皮质类固醇性青光眼,发生率为２．７％。经停用皮质类固醇眼液,滴用０．５％噻吗心安（或０．５％盐酸左布诺洛尔）眼液,必要时口服醋氮酰胺或行小梁切除术等,眼压均降至正常。结论ＰＲＫ术后滴用皮质类固醇眼液可发生皮质类固醇性高眼压及皮质类固醇性青光眼,个别患者视功能损害严重。对此,应停用皮质类固醇眼液,滴用β受体阻滞剂眼液或和口服碳酸酐酶抑制剂等;对视功能严重损害、停用降眼压药后眼压仍较高的患眼应行小梁切除术,经治疗眼压均可降至正常。     

囊性青光眼（19例临床分析）

１８４３名老年人体检中确诊为剥脱综合征５７例和青光眼６８例，后者患病率为３．７％，高于我国群体中青光眼的患病率（１％）。６８例青光眼中有１９例为ＥＳ合并青光眼，占２７．９％。５７例ＥＳ中囊性青光眼的患病率为３３．３％。１９例中男１５例（１６眼），女４例（５眼）。年龄５８－９１岁。双眼２２例，单眼１７例。１５例（１６眼）为开角型。４例（５眼）为闭角型。４例（４眼）眼压正常；１５例（１７眼）眼压升高。     

阿普可乐定防止Nd∶YAG激光虹膜切除术后眼压升高

目的了解阿普可乐定是否有效降低棕色虹膜人种激光虹膜切除术后眼压急性升高。方法４８只原发性闭角型青光眼，按年龄、性别进行匹配，分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组术前１小时和术后即刻滴用１％阿普可乐定，对照组滴用安慰剂。术后０．５、１．０、１．５、２．０、３．５小时观察眼压和其他情况。结果激光治疗后，治疗组和对照组眼压最大升高值分别为０．６２±０．６７ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）和１．１３±０．８７ｋＰａ，两组间差异有显著性（Ｐ＝０．０３）。治疗组的眼压明显下降发生于Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光虹膜切除术后０．５、１．０和１．５小时。除治疗组激光虹膜切除术后瞳孔直径明显大于对照组外，未见其他眼部和全身的副作用。结论１％阿普可乐定在棕色人种中可以有效地防止Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光虹膜切除术后眼压升高     

小梁切除与白内障摘出联合手术临床分析

对２８例２９眼青光眼并发白内障于一眼的患者行小梁切除联合白内障囊外摘出术。术后平均眼压２．１６ｋＰａ。明显低于术前眼压５．３６ｋＰａ。术后矫正视力≥０．５者１２眼；０．３－０．４者１０眼，０．１－０．２者５眼。０．１以下者２眼；术后视力差的     

现代白内障囊外摘除术后早期眼压的观察

目的探讨白内障囊外摘除术后早期眼压的变化情况。方法将５８只眼随机分为三组，对术后早期不同时间的眼压进行观察和对照。结果术后１小时眼压均低者不能测出；３小时平均眼压高于术前水平；６～１２小时达高峰，３１只眼（５３．４５％）眼压＞２．８０ｋＰａ（１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ），４只眼（６．９０％）眼压≥４．００ｋＰａ，最高眼压为４．４０ｋＰａ；２４小时后眼压自然下降；术后７２小时内，５只眼（８．６２％）眼压低于正常水平（＜１．３３ｋＰａ）。术前应用醋氮酰胺组，术后平均眼压低于应用甘露醇组和未用降眼压药组（Ｐ＜０．０５），且术后正常眼压者所占比例较高。结论术前预防性服用醋氮酰胺，对降低白内障摘除术后早期的眼压有一定作用。     

Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼

目的 评价Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析27例葡萄膜炎继发瞳孔阻滞闭角型青光眼经Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗的情况。随诊时间2月到4年。结果1)一次激光所有患眼均成功击穿虹膜。虽经术后积极抗炎治疗．12眼(44％)发生虹膜孔关闭。多次激光治疗后，最终89％的患眼获得了通畅的激光孔。2)在46次激光治疗中，击射点数为3～376点，激光能量为12～2077mJ。所用激光能量较原发闭角型青光眼高。3)75％的患眼激光治疗后眼压控制正常，6只眼(22％)眼压不能控制行滤过手术。4)激光手术的并发症主要是激光时虹膜的出血和暂时的眼压升高。5)术前有活动性炎症的患眼，发生激光孔闭合的比例更高。结论 Nd：YAG激光虹膜切除术是治疗葡萄膜炎继发闭角型青光眼的一种安全有效的方法。为提高手术的成功率，应在积极抗炎的同时，尽早行激光虹膜切除术。若激光后虹膜孔反复关闭，应考虑手术周边虹膜切除术。     

激光虹膜周切术治疗早期闭角型青光眼临床观察

目的：观察早期闭角型青光眼患者激光虹膜周边切除术（laser peripheral iridectomy,LPI）的近、远期临床疗效。方法：对急性闭角型青光眼临床前期21例21眼和慢性闭角型青光眼早期15例15眼患者行LPI,随访1a,观察中央前房深度,房角宽度及眼压等情况。结果：急性闭角型青光眼临床前期和慢性闭角型青光眼早期LPI术后中央前房深度加深,房角增宽,眼压下降,但随访1a后慢性闭角型青光眼早期患者中央前房深度有所变浅、眼压回升,其中3例需药物控制眼压,1例药物控制眼压失败需行滤过性减压手术。结论：LPI治疗急性闭角型青光眼临床前期效果满意,慢性闭角型青光眼早期患者应注意LPI适应证的选择,对所有LPI患者,应密切随诊,以防止视功能进一步损害。     

Long-term results of Nd-YAG laser iridotomy and indications deriving from it

Of 132 patients who had undergone Nd-YAG laser iridotomy, 70 were randomly selected for follow-up examinations. Nd-YAG laser iridotomies were subsequently performed on 124 eyes (of these 70 patients), 12 for acute angle-closure glaucoma, 19 fellow eyes of those which had angle-closure glaucoma, 70 for chronic angle-closure glaucoma, and 23 eyes with increasingly narrow chamber angle under miotic therapy. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 25 months (median = 9 months). Eighty-seven percent of the iridotomies remained visibly open. Of 12 acute glaucomas, 10 were successfully treated, whereas only 2 required a basal iridectomy. In the large group of 106 eyes with a "narrow angle condition," a significant pressure reduction from 20.9 +/- 5.8 to 16.7 +/- 3.4 mm Hg and a significant enlargement of the chamber angle resulted. Since fistulizing procedures involve a risk of malignant glaucoma, Nd-YAG laser iridotomy, which this investigation showed to be risk-free, is the initial procedure of choice in narrow-angle conditions, especially subacute and chronic angle-closure glaucoma, in order to alleviate the angle-closure component in such angle-closure situations, to diagnose its contribution to peak IOP, and to facilitate argon laser trabeculoplasty when needed.     

Cataract surgery in patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma

We investigated the results of cataract surgery in acute angle-closure glaucoma patients whose intraocular pressure (IOP) was not controlled with conventional treatment. We compared postoperative IOP and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with preoperative data in 10 eyes of 10 patients who had undergone cataract surgery for acute angle-closure glaucoma. Initial and preoperative mean IOP were 50.0 +/- 6.4 mmHg and 34.9 +/- 9.3 mmHg, respectively. Mean follow-up was 6.3 +/- 5.9 months. Postoperative mean IOP was 12.0 +/- 4.2 mmHg. All eyes were controlled at less than 21 mmHg and seven of them (70%) were controlled at less than 21 mmHg without medication. Postoperative BCVA was improved in 9 eyes. The complications were transient IOP elevation in 2 eyes and exudative membrane in 4. Cataract surgery may be effective to control IOP and improve visual acuity in patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma. However, follow up is necessary because of a high incidence of postoperative complications.     

Q-开关Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效观察

目的:观察Q-开关Nd:YAG激光治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法:收集212例236眼门诊及住院闭角型青光眼患者,其中原发性闭角型青光眼204例228眼,葡萄膜炎继发青光眼8例8眼,进行Q-开关Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术,非接触压平眼压计测量眼压,观察Q-开关Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术后临床效果。结果:随诊3～24mo,激光虹膜切除术治疗前眼压均值21.36mmHg,治疗后终末眼压均值19.25mmHg,眼压控制良好219眼,有效率92.8%,配合降眼压药物治疗,眼压控制正常11眼(4.7%),眼压升高6眼(2.5%),再次激光无效后行小梁切除术。激光治疗术后前房加深,房角有不同程度加宽,视野未明显改变。结论:Q-开关Nd:YAG激光虹膜切除术是一种治疗闭角型青光眼安全有效的方法。     

YAG激光虹膜周切术治疗药物难控制性急性闭角型青光眼

目的:探讨YAG激光周边虹膜切除术在药物难控制急性闭角型青光眼治疗中的作用。方法:回顾分析我院住院患者共124例124眼,其中男51例,女73例,入院诊断符合急性闭角型青光眼发作期临床特征,且药物治疗24h后眼压仍>21mmHg的急性闭角型青光眼患者,其中控制眼压为21~35mmHg者51眼(41.1%),眼压36~50mmHg者37眼(29.8%),50mmHg以上者36眼(29.1%)。视力范围为光感~0.3。所有患者均在表面麻醉下行YAG激光周边虹膜切除术治疗,术后继续观察眼压、视力、前房深度变化,眼压控制稳定后分别进行小梁切除术、青光眼白内障联合人工晶状体植入术,或单纯白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果:患者124例124眼急性闭角性青光眼患者行YAG激光虹膜周切术后,第2d检测眼压≤21mmHg者28眼(22.6%),眼压为22~35mmHg者60眼(48.4%),眼压36~50mmHg者25眼(20.2%),眼压>50mmHg者11眼(8.9%);激光术后视力增加3行者33眼（26.6%）,2行者31眼(25.0%),视力增加1行者44眼(35.5%),视力不增加者16眼(12.9%);119眼前房深度增加(96.0%); YAG激光虹膜周切术后并发前房出血98眼(79.0%)。眼压控制稳定后分别进行小梁切除术37眼,青光眼白内障联合人工晶状体植入术43眼,白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术44眼。观察随访3~9mo,眼压控制≤18mmHg者95眼,眼压≤25mmHg者24眼,眼压为26~35mmHg者5眼,未见前房积血、黄斑囊样水肿等并发症。结论:YAG激光虹膜周切术在药物难控制性急性闭角型青光眼治疗中能明显降低眼压,为各种青光眼手术的治疗提供安全可靠的条件,有助于视功能保护和恢复,提高疗效。     

Anterior chamber paracentesis in patients with acute elevation of intraocular pressure

Purpose The purpose was to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP) in acute elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods We prospectively enrolled 20 patients who presented with acute unilateral elevation of IOP above 50 mmHg. IOP was measured before, 10 min, and 1, 7 and 30 days after ACP. The outcome at 1 year was available in 19 patients. Results The patients included 14 cases of primary acute angle-closure attacks and six cases of secondary glaucoma. IOP decreased from 53.4 ± 4.2 mmHg to 24.1 ± 12.5 mmHg at 10 min, to 18.2 ± 11.1 mmHg at 24 h, and to 16.4 ± 10.7 mmHg 7 days after ACP. ACP combined with antiglaucomatous medications provided immediate relief of symptoms in all cases and improvement of corneal oedema in 17 cases. We noted three failures in secondary glaucoma. We performed a laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in 14 patients and a surgical procedure in 17 eyes. No complications related to ACP were observed. Conclusion ACP is a safe and effective procedure for acute elevation of IOP in acute primary primary angle-closure but only remains an add-on therapy to usual treatments. However, this technique must be evaluated in larger series.     

Case series of angle-closure glaucoma after laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity.

PURPOSE: Laser photocoagulation is the current treatment standard for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Uncommon, but well recognized complications include cataract, and vitreous and retinal hemorrhage. Angle-closure glaucoma after laser photocoagulation for ROP is rare. The purpose of this study was to identify additional cases of angle-closure glaucoma following laser treatment for ROP. METHODS: Five eyes of four patients with angle-closure glaucoma following laser treatment for ROP were identified by three ophthalmologists at separate institutions between 1997 and 2001. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records. Clinical and surgical findings associated with the diagnosis and management of angle-closure glaucoma following ROP laser were evaluated. RESULTS: The following data were collected (mean (range)): gestational age, 26.8 (24 to 29) weeks; birth weight, 833 (570 to 1062) g; age at laser treatment for ROP, 35 (33 to 37) weeks; number of laser burns, 1598 (930 to 2400); and time to diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma, 3.6 (2 to 5) weeks. Three of five eyes had objective data for intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal diameter with mean IOP 41 mm Hg (35 to 44) and mean corneal diameter 11.1 mm (10.25 to 11.5). Initial treatment included topical and systemic medications. Three eyes required surgical intervention. Angle-closure resolved in all cases with normalization of IOP. Follow-up (5 months to 3.6 years) showed that affected eyes tended to be more myopic than unaffected fellow eyes (mean spherical equivalent -6.5 vs -4.7 diopters). CONCLUSIONS: Angle-closure glaucoma can develop following laser treatment for severe ROP. Medical, and frequently surgical, intervention provides effective management.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SHORT-TERM EFFICACY OF Nd:YAG LASER PERIPHERAL IRIDOTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY ANGLE CLOSED GLAUCOMA

Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used for the peripheral iridotomy in 68 cases(80 eyes) of primary angle closed glaucoma. The average number of laser shots is 20.5(1～127 shots), and the average shot energy is 2.5 mJ(0.9～5.6mJ). The successful rate of iris penetration is about 97.6%. The size of the iris hole is not smaller than 0.2mm~2. The kind of the iris is the most important factor that causes the marked variation in laser shots and in laser shot energy. The main complications of Nd:YAG laser iridotomy p...     

Acute intraocular pressure response to argon laser iridotomy

Argon laser iridotomy (ALI) was performed in 50 eyes for prophylactic treatment of anatomically narrow iridocorneal angles and in 50 eyes for therapy of chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Intraocular pressure was increased 6 mmHg or more 1 to 2 hours after ALI in 19 of 50 eyes with anatomical narrow iridocorneal angles and in 23 of 50 eyes with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. Increases greater than 20 mmHg over baseline value occurred in 5 of 50 eyes with narrow iridocorneal angles and in 7 of 50 eyes with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. A clinically significant increase in intraocular pressure (defined as a pressure 30 mmHg or greater and 40% or more increased over the pre-laser value) occurred 1 to 2 hours after ALI in 11 of 50 eyes with narrow iridocorneal angles and in 17 of 50 eyes with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. There was no statistical difference (chi square P greater than 0.3) in the incidence of this complication in the two groups. Additional medical therapy was effective in lowering the acute laser-induced elevation in intraocular pressure. Patient diagnosis, patient demographics, preoperative glaucoma medication and laser treatment parameters did not predict which eyes would develop this complication. Eyes which did not have a clinically significant elevation in intraocular pressure 1 to 2 hours after ALI did not show a later increase at 24 hours.