无水酒精注射术治疗门静脉癌栓25例

目的：观察无水酒精注射术治疗中晚期原发性肝癌（PHC）合并门静脉癌栓的临床疗效。方法：25例合并门静脉癌栓的中晚期肝癌均在选择性肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）的基础上加门静脉癌栓内无水酒精注射术（PEI）。结果：穿刺准确度为100％,无严重并发症发生,总有效率76％。结论：TACE加PEI治疗中晚期PHC是一种有效的方法,效果优于单纯的TACE。     

无水酒精注射术治疗门静脉癌栓25例

目的:观察无水酒精注射术治疗中晚期原发性肝癌(PHC)合并门静脉癌栓的临床疗效。方法:25例合并门静脉癌栓的中晚期肝癌均在选择性肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)的基础上加门静脉癌栓内无水酒精注射术(PEI)。结果:穿刺准确度为100%,无严重并发症发生,总有效率76%。结论:TACE加PEI治疗中晚期PHC是一种有效的方法,效果优于单纯的TACE。     

原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的治疗进展

门静脉癌栓是原发性肝癌常见的表现之一,门静脉癌栓不仅导致肿瘤细胞在肝内播散和转移,且加重患者门静脉压力,常诱发上消化道大出血、肝功能衰竭等并发症,严重影响到肝癌患者的预后.近年来,虽然手术治疗、介入治疗、放疗、局部消融治疗、靶向治疗等在门静脉癌栓方面均有发展,但单模式治疗效果仍不理想,门静脉癌栓仍然是临床治疗的难点之一.全文就近些年来关于原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的治疗新进展作一综述.     

肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓外科治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓（PVTT）外科治疗的效果。方法对156例肝细胞癌合并门静脉主干或第一分支癌栓的患者,均行肝癌联同门静脉癌栓切除或取栓,其中94例患者术后行肝动脉和（或）门静脉化疗。结果术后3例死于肝功能衰竭,2例死于术后并发症,余术后恢复良好,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为58．1％（86/148）、18．9％（28／148）、5．4％（8／148）。结论肝切除和门静脉切开取栓术是肝细胞癌合并PVTT的有效治疗方法,术后联合肝动脉和（或）门静脉化疗能提高治疗效果,延长患者的生存期。     

常规分割三维适形放疗结合介入治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的疗效

目的肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓预后极差,本研究的目的是评价常规分割三维适形放射治疗结合经皮介入肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的疗效.方法对32例不能手术切除的肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓患者采用三维适形放射治疗结合经皮介入肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,三维适形放射治疗采用DT2 Gy/次,5次/周;根据肿瘤体积大小,给予DT45 Gy～60 Gy/23～30次,对于肿瘤体积比较大,不能耐受高剂量放射治疗的病人,在肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓达到处方剂量后,缩野针对门静脉癌栓加量至DT60 Gy/30次.观察近期疗效,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用COX比例风险模型作多因素分析.结果原发灶肿瘤缓解率68.8%,门静脉癌栓缓解率87.5%,1、2、3年累积生存率分别是56.3%、31.3%、21.9%,中位生存期15个月.多因素分析显示卡氏评分、Child分级是影响预后的主要因素(P＜0.05).血清转氨酶升高和放射性肝损伤是常见的并发症.结论常规分割三维适形放射治疗结合经皮介入肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓有较好的疗效,肝功能Child分级、卡氏评分是影响预后的主要因素.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞对原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的治疗作用

目的:研究肝动脉化疗栓塞(HACE)对原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的治疗作用及影响患者预后的临床病理因素。方法:随访35例HACE治疗的原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓患者,其中14例患者经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞,21例患者术中行肝动脉插管,术后经药物泵定期化疗栓塞。单因素分析各临床病理因素对患者预后的影响。多因素分析用Cox比例风险模型。结果:原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓行HACE治疗的患者中位生存时间8·3个月,其半年、1和2年生存率分别为57·5%、15·7%和0。单因素分析提示门静脉癌栓部位、化疗栓塞次数是影响患者预后的主要因素。多因素分析仅提示门静脉癌栓部位影响患者的预后。结论:HACE治疗原发性肝癌伴门静脉癌栓可以延长患者的生存期。门静脉癌栓的部位是影响患者预后的独立因素。     

门静脉导管保留术在肝癌门静脉癌栓治疗中的应用

近年的研究发现,肝癌时门静脉癌栓发生率较高,它不仅是门静脉系继发的恶性肿瘤,也是肝癌肝内转移的主要途径,是当前肝癌病人临床治疗中尤为棘手的问题。我们在对肝癌病人施行双重化疗术的同时,发现门静脉导管保留术(portalreservecatheter,PRC)对门静脉癌栓的治疗,防治癌?..     

激光消融治疗肝癌门静脉癌栓93例报告

目的探讨经皮、经肝门静脉穿刺激光消融治疗肝癌门静脉癌栓的疗效及其临床意义。方法对肝癌门静脉癌栓患者行经皮经肝门静脉穿刺激光消融治疗,观察患者术后的生存率、癌栓的变化、癌栓支门静脉血流的变化及临床症状、肝功能和腹水等的变化情况。结果93例门静脉癌栓患者行激光消融治疗后6个月、1年和2年的生存率分别为82.8%、53.0%和34.1%。其中11例癌栓部分阻塞者的癌栓截面积在6个月时明显缩小;82例术前癌栓支门静脉完全无血流信号的患者,行激光治疗后第1天均观察剑彩色血流信号。1个月后67例、3个月后57例、6个月后40例、1年后27例、2年后4例患者癌栓部位门静脉支再次观察到彩色血流信号。38例激光消融(LA)治疗后生存1年的患者中,14例癌栓萎缩,直至消失;14例癌栓萎缩,门静脉呈蜂窝状改变;10例癌栓不缩小甚至继续生长,门静脉增宽。接受治疗后,患者临床症状、肝功能和腹水均得到不同程度的改善。结论激光消融治疗肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓,是一种疗效可靠、技术安全的新方法。     

彩超引导下门静脉癌栓细针穿刺活检术在门静脉癌栓的诊断和疗效评价中的价值(附25例报告)

目的探讨彩超引导下门静脉癌栓穿刺活检术在门静脉癌栓的诊断和疗效评价中的价值。方法２５例患者接受肝动脉栓塞化疗和门静脉化疗，在治疗前后分别行彩色超声多普勒引导下门静脉癌栓细针自动活检术，对活检标本进行总结分析。结果（１）穿刺取材成功率为１００％，无明显并发症，均可作出满意的病理诊断。（２）治疗前癌栓内均有血流频谱，活检病理为增殖型，细胞呈条柱状排列。治疗后３周，４例（１６．０％）患者癌栓内多普勒血流频谱消失，相应活检病理证实癌栓坏死，其中２例获二期切除；２１例（８４．０％）治疗后癌栓无明显改变。结论彩色多普勒超声引导下门静脉癌栓穿刺活检安全准确，取材迅速可靠，对门静脉癌栓的诊断和指导治疗均有重要意义。     

对门静脉癌栓的新认识与新实践

肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓为临床常见情况，但人们对其认识仍然存在不足。本文从门静脉癌栓的形成机制、门静脉癌栓的可见度分型以及肝内播散转移的原因和机制等方面提出了一些新的认识；在这些认识的基础上，又提出“门静脉优先”理念，即术中先要分离、结扎或阻断肿瘤所在区域的门静脉，然后游离肝脏、切除肿瘤；同时提出“门静脉探查”理念，即离断肝脏时要探查断面管道有无癌栓，然后才能结扎；最后提出“门静脉原位切开直视下取栓术”，即对于程氏Ⅱ型及部分Ⅲ型癌栓，先要游离、阻断门静脉主干及对侧分支，然后切开癌栓所在部位的门静脉，直视下取出癌栓。      

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗

 原发性肝癌(HCC）合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)是肝癌治疗的难点之一。目前临床上对HCC合并PVTT有多种治疗方法,对延长肝癌患者的生存时间和提高生存质量都具有重要意义,手术治疗和介入治疗在其中发挥着重要的作用。     

A case of multiple hepatocellular carcinoma with rapidly progressing bilateral portal vein tumor thrombosis--a complete remission achieved with dual treatment of reductive surgery plus percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion

We herein report a case of multiple advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with rapidly progressing portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). All of the hepatic tumors have completely disappeared for more than two years by a dual treatment with reductive surgery plus percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (PIHP). A 55-year-old man was referred to our institution on June 30, 2003. The abdominal CT scan demonstrated multiple massive HCC in the entire liver with PVTT reaching the portal trunk (Vp4). Two weeks later, the PVTT rapidly progressed to the umbilical portion of the left portal vein, and to the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein and to the splenic vein. Thus, we semi electively performed an extended right hepatectomy together with thrombectomy of the PVTT. Subsequently, he underwent a repeated PIHP (1st; doxorubicin 90 mg/m2, 2nd doxorubicin 65 mg/m2). This treatment produced complete tumor clearance of all of the residual tumors in the left liver. In March 2005, he underwent partial pneumonectomy for a metastatic lung. This again resulted in normalization of serum AFP and PIVKA-II levels. Dual treatment is considered to be the strongest therapeutic modality for multiple advanced HCC with severe PVTT. In addition, a close follow-up is required because in such far advanced cases, metastatic lesions most likely recur in the liver but also in the distant organs.     

Hepatic resection versus transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

BACKGROUND:

The long‐term survival outcomes of hepatic resection (HR) compared with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) are unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Between December 2002 and December 2007, 201 consecutive patients diagnosed with resectable HCC with PVTT received HR as an initial treatment in our center. These patients were compared with 402 case‐matched controls selected from a pool of 1798 patients (with a 1:2 ratio) who received TACE as an initial treatment during the study period. PVTT was classified to 4 types: PVTT involving the segmental branches of the portal vein or above (type I), PVTT extending to involve the right/left portal vein (type II), the main portal vein (type III), or the superior mesenteric vein (type IV).

RESULTS:

The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survivals for the HR and TACE groups were 42.0%, 14.1%, and 11.1% and 37.8%, 7.3%, and 0.5%, respectively (P < .001). On subgroup analyses, the overall survivals for the HR group were better than the TACE group for type I PVTT, type II PVTT, single tumor, and tumor size >5 cm (P < .001, P = .002, P < .001, P < .001, respectively), but not for type III PVTT, type IV PVTT, multiple tumors, and tumor size <5 cm (P = .541, P = .371, P = .264, P = .338, P = .125, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed the type of PVTT and initial treatment allocation were significant prognostic factors for overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with TACE, HR provided survival benefits for patients with resectable HCC with PVTT, especially for those with a type I PVTT or a type II PVTT. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

A case of successful treatment by interferon-α and 5-fluorouracil combination therapy (FAIT) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

We report a case of successful treatment by interferon-α (IFN) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combination therapy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). A 70-year-old woman, who was diagnosed as unresectable HCC with PVTT in the main trunk of portal vein and multiple intrahepatic metastases, was admitted to our hospital for further treatment for HCC. First, she was treated by 3 courses of IFN and 5-FU combination therapy. Three courses after the combination therapy, PVTT was shrunken and portal flow to the liver was reperfused. Therefore, she was treated by TACE for intrahepatic tumors. She received a repeat treatment of the combination therapy and TACE. Four years after the initial treatment, she is still alive with good condition with intrahepatic tumors. This case suggested that some patient of HCC with PVTT could get a long-term survival if an initial treatment was succeeded and could apply further treatment such as TACE.     

肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗进展

肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）是中国常见恶性肿瘤,其死亡率居恶性肿瘤前列。门静脉癌栓（portal vein tumor thrombosis,PVTT）是HCC常见的临床表现和重要的预后不良因素,HCC合并门静脉癌栓患者的肝功能及体能状态、肿瘤是否可切除、PVTT分型以及有无远处转移是制订治疗决策的重要考虑因素。国内指南和专家共识对部分HCC合并PVTT患者推荐外科手术,而其他多数患者则主要接受系统治疗、介入、放疗等姑息治疗。近年,针对HCC合并PVTT,在可手术切除患者的围手术期治疗、不可切除患者的姑息治疗以及转化治疗方面开展了较多的临床研究和探索,HCC多学科诊疗模式也在临床中提倡并推广。本文回顾了近年HCC合并PVTT的相关文献,就其进展进行综述。      

TACE联合3DCRT治疗肝癌伴门静脉癌栓疗效分析

目的:分析肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)结合三维适形放射治疗对原发性肝癌(HCC)并门静脉癌栓(PVVT)的疗效。方法:2004年10月至2009年10月,共收治32例HCC合并PVVT患者,采用肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放射治疗,观察肿瘤及癌栓的近期疗效,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox比例风险模型作多因素分析。结果:原发灶肿瘤近期有效率71.9%,癌栓有效率为81.3%。平均生存时间为20.63±1.23个月,中位生存时间为19.0±1.02个月。多因素分析显示肿瘤分期、癌栓类型、肝功Child-Pugh分级、卡氏评分是影响预后的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论:TACE联合3DCRT治疗肝癌合并PVTT疗效好,损伤小,易耐受,是治疗HCC合并PVTT有效治疗方法。     

Significance of trans-hepatic arterial chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is observed in a considerable number of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. It is an exacerbating factor for patients afflicted with HCC. The sequelae of PVTT are considered to be a contraindication for the treatment of HCC in such patients. The survival of 10 HCC patients with PVTT treated with trans-hepatic arterial continuous injection chemotherapy was compared to 13 HCC patients with PVTT, who received best supportive care only, as a control to validate the efficacy of continuous trans-hepatic arterial injection chemotherapy using an implanted catheter for HCC with PVTT. There were no differences in the liver function and HCC stage between the two groups. The survival was significantly different between the two groups (P=0.01 by the log-rank test). The median survival time was 106 days in the treatment patients, whereas it was 65 days in the control patients. Multivariate analyses showed the therapy to be the only predictor for survival (risk ratio 0.144, P=0.016). The therapy was strongly associated with the PVTT prognosis. In conclusion, the importance of trans-arterial chemotherapy was demonstrated even in advanced dysfunctional cirrhotic HCC patients with PVTT. It is therefore necessary to develop a basic protocol to treat HCC with PVTT.     

TACE联合3DCRT治疗肝癌伴门静脉癌栓疗效分析

目的：分析肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）结合三维适形放射治疗对原发性肝癌（HCC）并门静脉癌栓（PVVT）的疗效。方法：2004年10月至2009年10月,共收治32例HCC合并PVVT患者,采用肝动脉化疗栓塞联合三维适形放射治疗,观察肿瘤及癌栓的近期疗效,用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox比例风险模型作多因素分析。结果：原发灶肿瘤近期有效率71.9%,癌栓有效率为81.3%。平均生存时间为20.63±1.23个月,中位生存时间为19.0±1.02个月。多因素分析显示肿瘤分期、癌栓类型、肝功Child-Pugh分级、卡氏评分是影响预后的主要因素（P〈0.05）。结论：TACE联合3DCRT治疗肝癌合并PVTT疗效好,损伤小,易耐受,是治疗HCC合并PVTT有效治疗方法。     

肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓不同治疗方法的疗效比较

目的 比较不同治疗方法对肝细胞癌伴门静脉癌栓的治疗效果。方法 回顾分析84例肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓患者的临床资料。按不同治疗方法分成5组：手术切除 癌栓取出 术后肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)和胸腺肽治疗组(A组)9例;手术切除 癌栓取出 术后TACE治疗组(B组)20例;手术切除 癌栓取出组(C组)7例;TACE治疗组(D组)38例;保守治疗组(E组)10例。比较各组癌栓变化和生存期。结果A、B、C、D、E各组对癌栓治疗有效率分别为66．7％、70．0％、57．1％、7．9％和0,中位生存期分别为10．0,7．0,8．0,5．0和2．0个月,1年生存率分别为44．4％、15．0％、14．3％、10．5％和0。结论 手术切除 癌栓取出术可清除大部分癌栓,术后TACE可进一步提高患者的生存率。