男性不育患者精浆miR-551b水平变化及其临床价值

目的 检测和分析男性不育症患者精浆miR-551b水平变化,探讨其作为男性不育症辅助分子标志物的可能性。方法 选取2008年11月～2015年3月在南京总医院生殖医学中心和江苏省中医院男科门诊确诊的92例男性不育症患者及同期招募的34例年龄匹配正常生育男性精液标本,记录患者及对照临床资料,测定患者及对照精液参数包括精子密度、精子活率、a级精子比例、a+b级精子比例及部分精浆生化指标α-糖苷、酸性磷酸酶、肉毒碱、果糖水平。实时荧光定量PCR技术(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测和比较弱精症、非梗阻性无精症患者及正常生育男性精浆中miR-551b含量变化,统计分析精浆miR-551b临床价值及与精液参数、精浆生化指标相关性。结果 qRT-PCR结果显示,正常生育组精浆miR-551b水平为20.63(9.59,37.83)fmol/L,弱精症患者为62.29(25.22,101.43)fmol/L,较正常生育组显著升高(U=297.00); 无精症患者精浆miR-551b水平为4.70(2.41,13.71)fmol/L,较正常生育组明显降低(U=356.00),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析显示,精浆miR-551b区分弱精症、无精症患者与正常生育组的ROC曲线下面积(AUC ROC)分别为0.810(95%CI 0.718～0.902)和0.772(95%CI 0.667～0.878); 鉴别弱精症和无精症患者的AUC ROC为0.932(95%CI 0.885～0.979)。Spearman秩相关性分析显示,男性不育患者精浆miR-551b水平与精子密度(r=0.735)、精子活率(r=0.643)、a级精子比例(r=0.672)、a+b级精子比例(r=0.682)及α-糖苷(r=0.375)呈正相关,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。逐步多元线性回归结果显示,男性不育症患者精浆miR-551b水平与精子密度呈显著独立相关(β=0.618,P<0.001,校正r²=0.368)。逻辑回归分析显示,精浆miR-551b是弱精症[OR = 24.889(95%CI 5.302～116.843),P<0.001]和无精症[OR=6.303(95%CI 1.316～30.179),P=0.021]的潜在危险因素。结论 男性不育症患者精浆miR-551b水平与正常生育男性存在明显差异,且与精子密度和活力密切相关,有潜力成为男性不育患者辅助诊断和鉴别诊断的新型分子标志物。     

存活素在正常及不育男性精浆中的检测及其意义

【目的】探讨健康生育男性及不育男性患者精液中存活素蛋白（一种凋亡抑制剂）的含量水平及临床意义。【方法】采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测23例健康生育男性志愿者、22例少弱精子症患者、39例非梗阻性无精症患者及12例梗阻性无精症患者精浆中的存活素含量。对梗阻性无精症患者和非梗阻性少精症患者进行睾丸活检,同时行组织病理学检查及睾丸穿刺抽吸术。【结果】精浆存活素水平在有生育能力的健康对照组中含量最高,其次为少弱精子症患者,而在非梗阻性无精症患者中含量少,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。梗阻性无精症患者精浆存活素缺如,精浆中存活素的含量与精子发生及产量呈正相关,而与精液中异常形态精子的百分比呈负相关。在睾丸穿刺抽吸术成功的非梗阻性无精症患者精液中可检测到存活素,而在睾丸穿刺抽吸术不成功的患者中无法检出。【结论】精浆存活素是睾丸源性的,它与精子发生及活力有关。在非梗阻性无精症患者中,睾丸穿刺抽吸术检测是否存有精子与存活素相关。     

不育男性精浆中免疫球蛋白与精子参数的相关分析

目的 检测不育男性患者精浆中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM和精子活力与密度,分析各参数之间的相关性,探讨其与男性不育的关系.方法 96例不育症患者分为弱精子症组、少精子症组和无精子症3组,以31例精液质量正常的已生育男性作为参照对象.利用免疫比浊法和精子质量图文分析系统分别检测精浆中IgA、IgG、IgM和精子活力与密度.结果 少精子症和无精子症患者精浆中IgM含量与正常组和弱精子症组比较显著减低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);精浆中IgA、IgG和IgM之间两两相关(P＜0.01),IgM含量与精子密度显著相关(P＜0.05);不育症组与正常组比较,IgA、IgG和IgM相互之间的相关性减低.结论 精浆中三种免疫球蛋白含量的失衡及IgM含量减少可能是导致男性不育的原因之一,该结果可为男性不育的研究提供参考.     

Development and evaluation of a practical ELISA for human urinary lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase

BACKGROUND: Urinary excretion of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is significantly increased in patients with chronic renal failure, but its diagnostic potential in less advanced stages of renal diseases remains to be elucidated. METHODS: Six mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against recombinant human L-PGDS. We constructed a sandwich ELISA with two MAbs that recognized different epitopes with high affinities and assessed its assay performance and clinical utility with urine samples from healthy controls, diabetic patients, and patients with various renal diseases. RESULTS: Western blot analyses with NH(2)-terminus-truncated L-PGDS mapped the epitopes to Ala(23)-Val(28) (MAb-7F5 and -10A3), Ser(52)-Ala(73) (MAb-9A6), Tyr(107)-Val(120) (MAb-1B7 and -6F5), and Gly(140)-Pro(155) (MAb-6B9). A sandwich ELISA was constructed with MAb-1B7 and -7F5, the K(d) values of which were 3.6 and 3.9 nmol/L, respectively, for native L-PGDS. Recoveries were 91-111%, and intra- and interassay CVs were <6% and <9%, respectively. The ELISA showed parallelism of standard and urine samples and no significant interference by a variety of urinary constituents. Urinary L-PGDS excretion was significantly increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and chronic glomerulonephritis even when serum creatinine was not increased. In patients with renal diseases, urinary L-PGDS was correlated with urinary albumin (r = 0.64; P <0.0001), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (r = 0.43; P <0.001), and serum creatinine (r = 0.66; P <0.0001). At a cutoff value of 284 mg/mol creatinine, the assay had sensitivities of 74% for diabetic nephropathy and 83% for chronic glomerulonephritis and a specificity of 93%. CONCLUSIONS: This ELISA system is suitable for measurement of urinary L-PGDS in a routine clinical assay and may be useful to detect less advanced stages of renal diseases.     

精浆生化检测在262例梗阻性无精子症分析中的意义

目的探讨精浆弹性硬蛋白酶、果糖、中性a-葡萄糖苷酶检测在无精子症病因分析的意义。方法对672例无精子症患者进行精浆弹性硬蛋白酶、果糖、中性a-葡萄糖苷酶进行检测,并结合病史、体格检查、精液常规检查、直肠B超及睾丸活检等进行分析。结果梗阻性无精子症262例,其中双侧输精管或精囊缺如67例,输精管发育不良28例,射精管梗阻7例,附睾梗阻145例,输精管梗阻9例,附睾头以上梗阻6例。结论精浆生化检测在梗阻性无精子症病因诊断中具有无创、快速,有利于寻找无精子病因和指导治疗。     

采用精道镜技术治疗射精管梗阻性无精子症和重症少精症

目的探讨精道镜技术在治疗梗阻性无精子症和重症少精症中的价值。方法选取25例射精管梗阻患者(无精子症17例,重症少精子症8例),采用精囊镜技术治疗,术后对精液质量及受孕率进行随访。结果78.6%(11/14例)的无精子症患者3个月检查时即有精子,精液量由手术前0.3~1.2 ml[平均(0.89±0.14)ml]增加到手术后1.9~4.5 ml[平均(2.80±0.75)ml],差异有统计学意义(P0.01);8例重症少精症患者3个月检查时精液量增加明显(P0.01),总精子数增加(P0.01);术后9个月内总妊娠率达到27.3%(6/22)。所有病例术后均未见逆行射精、尿失禁或直肠损伤等并发症。结论经尿道精囊镜技术治疗射精管梗阻性无精症及重症少精症是安全有效的。     

Expression of prostaglandin D synthase in ovarian cancer.

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) has recently been shown to be expressed in human brain tumors and breast tumors. However, L-PGDS expression has not been investigated in ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether L-PGDS is expressed in human ovarian cancer. Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase mRNA was cloned and sequenced by RT-PCR. Using in situ hybridization (ISH) technique, the expression of L-PGDS mRNA in 54 ovarian cancer was investigated. Expression of L-PGDS mRNA was found in tumor cells of all various types of ovarian cancers. Patterns of staining of tumor cells varied among different histological types of ovarian cancer. Significant discrepancy between the intensity of the staining and histological types of ovarian cancer could be established (p<0.01). It is reported for the first time that the expression of mRNA of L-PGDS exists in the ovarian cancer, and is related to the cancer type. This may have significance for the progress of ovarian cancer.     

特发性少弱精患者精浆α-葡糖苷酶、锌与精子形态学参数相关性分析

目的分析特发性少弱精患者精浆α-葡糖苷酶活性、锌含量与精子形态学相关参数的相关性。方法 152例特发性少弱精患者根据形态学分析分成5组,采用计算机辅助精子分析(CASA)、Diff-Quik染色法分析精液质量、精子形态,利用速率法、PAN法及全自动生化分析仪检测精浆α-葡糖苷酶活性和锌水平。结果正常精子形态百分率在3%~4%、2%~3%、1%~2%、0%~1%4组与正常精子形态百分率≥4%比较,精浆α-葡糖苷酶活性均有显著性差异(Z分别为-2.199、-2.685、-2.827、-3.358,P0.05),其余各组之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);精浆锌水平各组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。精浆α-葡糖苷酶活性与正常形态精子百分率呈正相关(P0.05),与精子畸形指数(SDI)呈负相关(P0.05),与精子头部、颈部和中段、尾部、过量残留胞浆、多重异常指数(MAI)、畸形精子指数(TZI)无明显相关性(P0.05);精浆锌水平与各项精子形态学参数均无相关性(P0.05)。结论正常精子形态百分率异常的特发性少弱精患者精浆α-葡糖苷酶活性明显低于精子形态正常的患者;精浆α-葡糖苷酶活性与正常形态精子百分率呈正相关,与SDI呈负相关,可能有利于体外受精。     

超声联合血清抑制素B在无精子症分型诊断中的应用价值

目的 评价经阴囊及直肠超声联合血清抑制素B（INHB）检测在鉴别梗阻性无精子症（OA）和非梗阻性无精子症（NOA）中的应用价值。方法 选择无精子症患者100 例,经阴囊超声检查其睾丸及近段精道,经直肠超声检查其远段精道,并检测其血清INHB 水平,以睾丸活检为标准分为OA 组和NOA 组,选择同期的30 例精液检查正常者为对照组,分析比较三组病例的精道超声表现、睾丸体积及血清INHB 水平的差异。结果 本研究检出的精道异常主要包括附睾炎症及畸形,输精管扩张及缺如,精囊炎症、缺如及萎缩,射精管囊肿等;OA 组的精道异常超声表现明显多于NOA 组（P〈0.01） ;OA 组患者睾丸体积中位数为13.1 ml,NOA 组患者睾丸体积中位数为7.2 ml,OA 组患者睾丸体积明显大于NOA 组（P〈0.05）;OA 组、NOA 组、对照组的血清INHB 浓度分别为（131.2±26.1）pg/ml、（37.5±21.5）pg/ml、（120.7±31.4）pg/ml,OA 组和对照组的血清INHB 水平之间无明显差异（P〉0.05）,而NOA 组的血清INHB 水平明显低于OA 组和对照组（P〈0.01）。结论 经阴囊及直肠超声检查联合血清INHB 检测,能够对无精子症进行比较准确的分型诊断。     

High-performance liquid chromatographic detection of lipid peroxidation in human seminal plasma and its application to male infertility

BACKGROUND: A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) in human seminal plasma. METHODS: After human seminal plasma is hydrolyzed, MDA is reacted with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) to form MDA(TBA)(2), a red-colored adduct with maximum absorbance at 532 nm. HPLC separation of the adduct in human seminal plasma was performed on a Lichrospher C(18) column. RESULTS: A mobile phase composed of 0.025 mol/l KH(2)PO(4) (pH 6.2)--methanol in the ratio 58:42 (v/v) was found to be the most suitable for this separation. Under the chromatographic conditions described, the MDA-TBA adduct had a retention time of approximately 4 min and good separation and detectability of MDA in human seminal plasma sample was obtained. The method proved to be linear calibration in the range of MDA from 0.10 to 2.50 micromol/l. The relative standard deviations of within- and between-assay for MDA analysis were 3.1% and 3.8%, respectively. The average recovery was 90.0-98.8% for the human seminal plasma samples. The method has been successfully applied to the study of the lipid peroxidation levels in the seminal plasma of male infertility. Semen samples were obtained from healthy volunteers and infertile males. Ejaculates were classified into studied subgroups and defined as: obstructive azoospermia, non-obstructive azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligoasthenozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. With the exception of obstructive azoospermic group, MDA concentrations of seminal plasma in control group had very significant difference with those in other infertile groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This indicated that lipid peroxidation could be harmful to male sperm and reproductive system, which may lead to male infertility.     

精浆NAG和血清FSH联合检测在梗阻性无精子症诊治中的应用

目的：探讨精浆中性α糖苷酶（NAG）和血清促卵泡生成素（FSH）联合检测在梗阻性无精子症诊断中的意义。方法分析24例男性无精子症患者（14例为梗阻性无精子症,10例为非梗阻性无精子症）精浆NAG和FSH 水平,与16例健康已生育男性（正常对照组）的检测结果进行相关性分析,同时结合睾丸体积和详细的病史资料判断无精子症病因及分型。结果无精子症患者（包括梗阻性和非梗阻性无精子症组）与正常对照组年龄差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,非梗阻性无精子症组睾丸体积明显比梗阻性无精子症组和正常对照组小（P＜0．01）。无精子症患者NAG含量均明显低于正常对照组（P＜0．01）,FSH 水平均明显高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）;梗阻性无精子症组NAG和血清FSH 水平明显低于非梗阻性无精子症组（P＜0．01）。结论精浆NAG和血清FSH 联合检测具有经济、快速、安全、无创等优点,对无精子症的诊断和临床指导治疗具有重要意义。     

Polyamines and polyamine-metabolizing enzyme activities in human semen

The content of polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine as well as the activities of some polyamine-metabolizing enzymes have been analyzed from normal and pathological human semen samples. Seminal fluid from semen samples showing no apparent abnormalities in semen analyses contained about 0.2 mM of putrescine, 0.1 mM of spermidine and 3 mM of spermine. Seminal plasma was found to be an exceptionally rich source of diamine oxidase activity (EC 1.4.3.6). In addition, polyamine-synthesizing enzyme activities, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase, were invariably found in seminal plasma. Spermatozoa contained very low or undetectable activities of 5-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase; however, a definitive diamine oxidase activity was found also in the cellular component of the semen.The activity of diamine oxidase, and especially that of spermidine synthase, was relatively high in semen samples having low sperm density (less than 20 × 10⁶ spermatozoa per ml). With increasing number of spermatozoa there was a slight decrease in both activities, but as the sperm count exceeded 100 × 10⁶ per ml the activity of diamine oxidase and spermidine synthase sharply increased. The concentration of spermine in seminal plasma showed only minor changes in relation to the number of spermatozoa in semen, the changes being roughly opposite as compared to the changes of the enzyme activities. A significant negative correlation was found between the concentration of putrescine and the activity of diamine oxidase in seminal plasma.Several properties of diamine oxidase from human seminal plasma were found to be comparable to those of other mammalian diamine oxidases. Using radioactive putrescine as the substrate the enzyme activity was inhibited by addition of unlabelled histamine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine. The enzyme was also powerfully inhibited by various carbonyl reagents and methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone).     

不育症患者精液微量元素与精液质量之间的相关性分析

目的 探讨男性不育症患者精浆中微量元素含量与精液参数的相关性.方法 对101例健康男性(对照组)和500例男性不育症患者(不育组)进行精浆锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、镉含量检测及精液常规分析,采用Spearman相关性分析对精浆中微量元素含量与精液参数进行相关性分析.结果 不育组精浆锌含量低于对照组,铜、镉含量高于对照组(P<0.05);钙、铁、镁含量组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).不育组精浆钙、镁、铁含量与精液pH值呈负相关(P＜0.05),锌含量与精子活率、精子密度呈正相关(P＜0.05),镉含量与精子密度、精子活率、活跃精子密度呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 不育症患者精浆中微量元素含量与精液参数存在密切的相关性.     

4D flow MRI left atrial kinetic energy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with mitral regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

To noninvasively assess left atrial (LA) kinetic energy (KE) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients using 4D flow MRI and evaluate coupling associations with mitral regurgitation (MR) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Twenty-nine retrospectively identified patients with HCM underwent 4D flow MRI. MRI-estimated peak LVOT pressure gradient (?P_MRI) was used to classify patients into non-obstructive and obstructive HCM. Time-resolved volumetric LA kinetic energy (KE_LA) was computed throughout systole. Average systolic (KE_LA-avg) and peak systolic (KE_LA-peak) KE_LA were compared between non-obstructive and obstructive HCM groups, and associations to MR severity and LVOT ?P_MRI were tested.The study included 15 patients with non-obstructive HCM (58.6 [45.9, 65.2] years, 7 females) and 14 patients with obstructive HCM (51.9 [47.6, 62.6] years, 6 females). Obstructive HCM patients demonstrated significantly elevated instantaneous KE_LA over all systolic time-points compared to non-obstructive HCM (P?<?0.05). Obstructive HCM patients also demonstrated higher KE_LA-avg (14.8 [10.6, 20.4] J/m³ vs. 33.4 [23.9, 61.3] J/m³, P?<?0.001) and KE_LA-peak (22.1 [15.9, 28.7] J/m³ vs. 57.2 [44.5, 121.4] J/m³, P?<?0.001) than non-obstructive HCM. MR severity was significantly correlated with KE_LA-avg (rho?=?0.81, P?<?0.001) and KE_LA-peak (rho?=?0.79, P?<?0.001). LVOT ?P_MRI was strongly correlated with KE_LA metrics in obstructive HCM (KE_LA-avg: rho?=?0.86, P?<?0.001; KE_LA-peak: rho?=?0.85, P?<?0.001).In HCM patients, left atrial kinetic energy, by 4D flow MRI, is associated with MR severity and the degree of LVOT obstruction.

     

Chymotrypsin effects on the determination of sperm parameters and seminal biochemistry markers.

BACKGROUND: Few reports of the effects of treatment with chymotrypsin on the determination of sperm parameters and seminal biochemistry markers are documented. METHODS: Sperm parameters of 63 liquefied and 27 non-liquefied samples, untreated or treated with chymotrypsin, were evaluated using computer-assisted semen analysis. In addition, biochemistry markers such as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alpha-glucosidase and fructose in 50 liquefied and 39 non-liquefied samples, untreated or treated with chymotrypsin, were determined. RESULTS: Treatment with chymotrypsin had no effect on sperm concentration, motility, motility a and b, straightness, curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity, average path velocity and beat cross frequency in both liquefied and non-liquefied semen. However, linearity (p=0.025) decreased and the amplitude of the lateral head (p=0.029) increased significantly in non-liquefied semen after treatment with chymotrypsin. The levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alpha-glucosidase and fructose in seminal plasma were unaffected by chymotrypsin, regardless of liquefaction status. CONCLUSIONS: Chymotrypsin had no effects on the detection of sperm parameters and biochemistry markers, and could be used to treat non-liquefied samples before semen analysis in the andrology laboratory.     

兔动脉粥样硬化组织mPGES-1、L-PGDS的表达及辛伐他汀预处理对其表达的影响

目的:探索辛伐他汀对兔动脉粥样硬化组织1型膜相关前列腺素E合成酶(mPGES-1)、Lipocalin型前列腺素D合成酶(L-PGDS)表达的影响。方法:32只雄性新西兰大白兔,随机分为4组:A组为正常组;B组为模型对照组;C、D组分别为小剂量及大剂量辛伐他汀干预组;每组均为8只。药物治疗4周后取主动脉弓HE染色和RT-PCR检测mPGES-1、L-PGDS的表达。结果:(1)与A组比较B、C、D组mPGES-1、L-PGDS表达显著升高(P<0.05);与C组比较D组mPGES-1、L-PGDS表达无差异(P<0.05);(2)与B组比较C、D组mPGES-1表达降低(P<0.05),而L-PGDS表达升高(P<0.05)结论:小剂量辛伐他汀通过调节炎性因子表达从而延缓动脉粥样硬化的发生与发展。     

Thermodynamic study of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase enzyme heterogeneity in human seminal plasma

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the activity of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex) in seminal plasma may be used as a biochemical marker of azoospermia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate this hypothesis using a thermodynamic procedure developed to determine total Hex activity and that of its isoenzymes in this biological fluid. METHODS: Using the substrate 3,3'-dichlorophenolsulphoftaleinil N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, a highly significant difference (p<0.001) is found between the activation energy of Hex A (41.5 kJ/mol) and of Hex B (72.3 kJ/mol), making it possible to determine the activity of these isoenzymes from the apparent activation energy of the total Hex in seminal plasma. RESULTS: A significant difference between the normozoospermic and azoospermic groups was only found for Hex A isoenzyme activity (p<0.05), although with considerable overlapping between the values of both groups. Significant partial correlations were found for the total Hex, Hex A and Hex B activities with the immobile spermatozoa count (p<0.01) and for total Hex and Hex B with the dead spermatozoa count (p<0.05). In turn, Hex A had a significant partial correlation with the live spermatozoa count (p<0.05); however, Hex activity in seminal plasma of acromosomal origin appears to be of little importance in quantitative terms. CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to confirm that total Hex activity in seminal plasma, or even of its isoenzymes Hex A and Hex B, is a suitable biochemical marker of azoospermia (efficiency< or =67%). The thermodynamic procedure described may be a useful alternative for the study of the Hex enzyme heterogeneity in spermatozoa.     

Drug delivery system for poorly water-soluble compounds using lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily and a secretory lipid-transporter protein, which binds a wide variety of hydrophobic small molecules. Here we show the feasibility of a novel drug delivery system (DDS), utilizing L-PGDS, for poorly water-soluble compounds such as diazepam (DZP), a major benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug, and 6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX), an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist and anticonvulsant. Calorimetric experiments revealed for both compounds that each L-PGDS held three molecules with high binding affinities. By mass spectrometry, the 1:3 complex of L-PGDS and NBQX was observed. L-PGDS of 500μM increased the solubility of DZP and NBQX 7- and 2-fold, respectively, compared to PBS alone. To validate the potential of L-PGDS as a drug delivery vehicle in vivo, we have proved the prospective effects of these compounds via two separate delivery strategies. First, the oral administration of a DZP/L-PGDS complex in mice revealed an increased duration of pentobarbital-induced loss of righting reflex. Second, the intravenous treatment of ischemic gerbils with NBQX/L-PGDS complex showed a protective effect on delayed neuronal cell death at the hippocampal CA1 region. We propose that our novel DDS could facilitate pharmaceutical development and clinical usage of various water-insoluble compounds.     

身体质量指数与精液质量及精浆生化指标的相关性研究

目的探讨身体质量指数(BMI)对不育男性精液质量及精浆生化指标的影响及其之间的相关性。方法选择于汉中市中心医院泌尿外科就诊的298例不育男性为研究对象,按照BMI将其分为体重正常组(18.5~23.9 kg/m2),超重组(24.0~27.9 kg/m2)和肥胖组(≥28 kg/m2)。对所有研究对象进行精液常规和精子形态学检查,离心后的精浆成分进行生化指标检测。比较三组间的精液参数及精浆生化指标。结果298例研究对象的平均BMI为(23.7±3.3)kg/m2,其中包括152例正常组占51.0%,110例超重组占36.9%,36例肥胖组占12.1%。三组间的精液pH、精液量、精子密度、精子总活力、前向运动精子率、精浆柠檬酸、精浆果糖、精浆锌及精浆酸性磷酸酶比较,差异均无统计学差异(P>0.05);三组间的正常精子形态率比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=16.617,P=0.000)。Mann-Whitney U检验显示肥胖组与正常组,肥胖组与超重组的正常精子形态率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(分别为U=17,Z=-3.968,P=0.000;U=29.5,Z=-2.755,P=0.006);而超重组与正常组的正常精子形态率比较,差异无统计学意义(U=214,Z=-1.609,P=0.108)。Spearman相关分析显示,正常精子形态率与BMI分组之间存在负相关(rs=-0.489,P=0.000),其他精液参数与BMI分组之间均不存在相关关系(P>0.05)。结论随着BMI的增加正常形态精子比例会降低,表明体重在一定程度上影响男性生育能力。