纤维喉镜下门诊改良手柄YAG激光揭盖术治疗会厌囊肿的临床观察

目的探讨纤维喉镜下经门诊改良手柄YAG激光揭盖术治疗会厌囊肿相较传统治疗方法的优势。方法将门诊确诊的118例会厌囊肿患者随机分为两组,实验组59例在纤维喉镜下经门诊改良手柄YAG激光施行揭盖术,传统组59例经过纤维喉镜活检通道导入YAG激光手术。手术后随访6个月以上,观察比较两组的治疗效果、会厌部的生理功能恢复时间和治疗的总时间及囊肿复发率。结果对比结果,实验组较传统组在治疗效果、会厌部生理功能恢复时间、治疗时间及囊肿复发率方面均有优势,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论纤维喉镜下经门诊改良手柄YAG激光揭盖术治疗会厌囊肿较传统治疗方法更有效、更方便、更安全。     

支撑喉镜电视内镜下低温等离子射频治疗会厌囊肿的疗效及其对术后近期复发率的影响

目的对比研究支撑喉镜电视内镜下低温等离子射频治疗会厌囊肿的临床疗效及其对术后近期复发率的影响。方法将2014年1～12月于我院行会厌囊肿手术治疗的76例患者随机分为两组：观察组（n=38）行支撑喉镜电视内镜下低温等离子射频治疗;对照组（n=38）行常规手术治疗。对比两组手术效果及术后12个月复发情况。结果（1）所有患者均手术成功,观察组术中出血量、手术时间、术后模糊视觉疼痛评分（VAS）、术后咽痛时间、住院时间均明显优于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;（2）两组术后均未见严重并发症,其它并发症出现率无明显差异（P〉0.05）;（3）观察组复发率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论支撑喉镜电视内镜下低温等离子射频治疗会厌囊肿疗效显著、复发率低,值得推广。     

会厌囊肿摘除治疗效果分析

目的观察会厌囊肿摘除术治疗会厌囊肿的手术效果。方法将24例患有会厌囊肿的患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,各12例。对照组采用表面麻醉下射频治疗,治疗组采用全麻下会厌囊肿摘除术治疗。结果治疗组疗效明显优于对照组,喉部生理功能恢复时间和治疗总时间明显短于对照组,治疗后病情复发率明显低于对照组。结论应用会厌囊肿摘除术对患有会厌囊肿的患者实施治疗的临床效果非常明显。     

鼻前庭囊肿鼻内镜下电动切割揭盖术与唇龈沟径路切除术的临床分析

目的比较鼻内镜下鼻前庭囊肿电动切割揭盖术及唇龈沟径路鼻前庭囊肿切除治疗鼻前庭囊肿的效果。方法回顾性分析2009年8月至2015年12月在扬州市第一人民医院行手术治疗的58例鼻前庭囊肿患者,26例接受鼻内镜下鼻前庭囊肿电动切割揭盖术(观察组),32例接受唇龈沟径路鼻前庭囊肿切除术(对照组),依据不同术式分成2组,对2组手术出血量、手术时间、术后疼痛评分、囊肿复发率等方面进行比较,采用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果观察组和对照组在手术出血量、手术时间、术后患者疼痛评分方面行统计学比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后经术后3个月~2年的随访观察均未复发,对照组患者经术后3个月~2年的随访观察3例复发。结论鼻内镜下鼻前庭囊肿电动切割揭盖术具有以下优点:复发率低、手术损伤小、出血少、时间短、术后患者舒适度好等,是治疗鼻前庭囊肿的确切方法。     

鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术与传统唇龈沟径路鼻前庭囊肿切除术的比较

目的:比较鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术与传统唇龈沟径路鼻前庭囊肿切除术的优缺点.方法:对2007年5月至201 1年9月我科69例鼻前庭囊肿手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中33例行鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术(揭盖组),36例行唇龈沟径路鼻前庭囊肿切除术(唇龈沟组).结果:唇龈沟组有2例术后复发,揭盖组有3例术后复发,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),揭盖组在手术时间、出血量、伤口愈合时间及术后患者反应、伤口疼痛程度方面明显优于唇龈沟组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05或P＜0.01).结论:鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术具有手术时间短、出血少、术后恢复快、患者痛苦轻等优点,且复发率与唇龈沟径路手术相当,故可作为鼻前庭囊肿治疗的首选.     

三种方法治疗鼻前庭囊肿的疗效比较

目的比较3种方法治疗鼻前庭囊肿的优缺点,探讨鼻前庭囊肿的最佳治疗方法。方法 2002年1月-2008年6月收治鼻前庭囊肿患者84例,随机分为3组,分别采用微波、鼻前庭揭盖术和唇龈沟切口径路鼻前庭囊肿切除术治疗。结果 84例患者均治愈。3组治疗时间和出血量比较均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后4例发生感染,分别为鼻前庭揭盖术组1例（3.57%）,唇龈沟切口径路鼻前庭囊肿切除术组3例（10.71%）。随访1年,仅微波治疗组3例患者（10.71%）因囊肿壁残留复发,行鼻内镜下鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术后治愈。结论鼻内镜下鼻前庭囊肿;揭盖术具有精确、微创、手术时间短、并发症少、复发率低等优点。     

鼻内镜鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术治疗鼻前庭囊肿的疗效观察

目的:观察鼻内镜鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术治疗鼻前庭囊肿的临床疗效。方法:选取2017年4月～2019年4月治疗的70例鼻前庭囊肿患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组使用唇齿沟径路切除术治疗,观察组使用鼻内镜前庭囊肿揭盖术治疗,对比两组手术相关指标、术后并发症发生情况及炎症介质水平变化。结果:观察组手术用时、住院时间及创口愈合时间均短于对照组,术中出血量低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,观察组白细胞介素-8、白细胞介素-6、C反应蛋白及肿瘤坏死因子-α水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:使用鼻内镜前庭囊肿揭盖术治疗鼻前庭囊肿具有损伤小、恢复快等优势,机体炎症反应较轻,利于术后康复。     

低温等离子射频与高频电刀切除会厌囊肿的疗效观察

【目的】探讨低温等离子射频与高频电刀治疗会厌囊肿的临床疗效。【方法】全麻状态支撑喉镜引导下,采用低温等离子射频或高频电刀对40例会厌囊肿患者手术治疗,观察并比较两种方法疗效。【结果】低温等离子射频对比高频电刀切除会厌囊肿具有出血量少、术后疼痛及不适时间短等优点,但费用偏高。【结论】低温等离子治疗会厌囊肿临床疗效确切,安全可靠,容易操作,但费用偏高,适合在大中型城市推广。     

二氧化碳激光、低温等离子及电刀治疗会厌囊肿的临床效果分析

目的探讨显微喉镜下二氧化碳激光、低温等离子及电刀3种方法治疗会厌囊肿的临床效果。方法选择60例会厌囊肿患者,按照术式分成激光组、等离子组和电刀组,每组20例。比较3组患者术后疼痛、恢复进度、复发率、并发症、术中操作出血等。结果等离子组术后疼痛最轻,激光组次之,电刀组最重。术后恢复进度,激光组与等离子组类似,电刀组恢复较前2组延迟。术中出血方面,激光组、等离子组较少,电刀组出血较多。随访0.5~3年,激光组、等离子组均无复发,电刀组1例复发。电刀组术后出现少量出血1例,会厌缺损并发症1例。结论 3种手术方法均是治疗会厌囊肿的主要方法,均能取得比较好的治疗效果,但显微喉镜下二氧化碳激光、低温等离子治疗会厌囊肿更有优势。     

腹腔镜治疗52例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿治疗的临床疗效观察

选取104例需手术治疗的卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿患者,分别采用腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗。结果与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术组手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后排气时间短,术后下床时间短,平均住院时间短,各项指标比较差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组总治疗有效率为100.0%,明显高于传统开腹手术组(88.5%),两组比较差异显著(P0.05);腹腔镜手术组术后1年复发率为0,低于传统开腹手术组(7.69%),两组比较差异显著(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿疗效确切,创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、术后并发症少,是治疗该病的理想术式。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."