某三甲综合医院住院医师抑郁状况调查及相关因素

目的:了解住院医师的抑郁状况,为改善其心理健康状况提供参考。方法:采用自制的心理卫生调查问卷及抑郁自评量表(SDS),对某三甲综合医院工作时间小于两年的109名住院医师进行调查测试。结果:住院医师的抑郁发生率为34.95%,高于正常群体(P0.001);住院医师的SDS总分(49.63±10.29)高于国家常模(P0.001);Logistic回归分析显示:感到工作累(P0.001,OR=9.076,95%CI=4.077~20.107)、不喜欢医生职业(P0.001,OR=6.569,95%CI=2.330~14.981)、未通过执业医师资格考试(P=0.001,OR=4.993,95%CI=1.679~10.106)为住院医师抑郁的显著危险因子。结论:住院医师的抑郁状况不容乐观,其抑郁危险因素为:感到工作累、不喜欢医生职业及未通过执业医师资格考试。     

网络成瘾患者抑郁状况及相关因素调查

目的:了解网络成瘾(Internet Addiction,IAD)患者的抑郁状况及相关影响因素,为IAD患者的治疗提供参考。方法:采用自制的一般资料问卷、抑郁自评量表(Self-Rating Depression Scale,SDS)、家庭功能量表(家庭支持APGAR问卷)对住院治疗的107名IAD患者进行测评,分析IAD患者抑郁的危险因素。结果:IAD患者的抑郁发生率为61.68%,远高于正常群体(χ~2=85.48,P0.001);Logistic回归分析显示,家庭功能严重障碍(P=0.007,OR=5.231,95%CI=1.943~9.887)、非自愿入院治疗(P=0.011,OR=3.112,95%CI=1.764~8.113)、单亲家庭(P=0.032,OR=2.213,95%CI=1.210~6.399)为IAD患者抑郁的显著危险因子;家庭功能良好(P=0.001,OR=0.317,95%CI=0.172~0.857)为IAD患者抑郁的显著保护因子。结论:多数IAD患者存在严重的抑郁情绪;家庭支持状况差、非自愿入院治疗及单亲家庭的患者抑郁状况更差;良好的家庭功能状况有助于抑郁状况的改善。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间医务人员与非医务人员焦虑抑郁水平及相关因素

目的:探索新冠肺炎疫情暴发期间医务人员与非医务人员焦虑抑郁水平及相关因素。方法:通过微信公众号方式发放在线问卷,共调查医务人员170名,非医务人员217名。内容包括一般情况调查表、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)和心理弹性量表(CD-RISC-10),采用logistic回归分析焦虑、抑郁情绪的相关因素。结果:医务人员中抑郁情绪检出率42.9%,焦虑情绪检出率46.5%。非医务人员抑郁情绪检出率62.7%,焦虑情绪检出率52.5%。在所有被调查者中,非医务人员(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.36～0.93,P<0.05)是抑郁情绪的危险因素,接触(疑似)感染者(OR=2.63,95%CI:1.43～4.85,P<0.01)是焦虑情绪的危险因素。心理弹性差是抑郁情绪(医务人员：OR=10.36,95%CI:3.46～31.05,P<0.001,非医务人员：OR=17.14,95%CI:6.39～45.97,P<0.001)和焦虑情绪(医务人员：OR=14.30,95%CI:4.68～43.69,P<0.001,非医务人员：OR=11...     

The Effect of Group Sandplay Intervention on Social Anxiety and Depression of Left-behind Children

目的 探讨团体箱庭干预留守儿童社交焦虑及抑郁情绪的效果.方法 采用问卷法对5～7年级所有学生进行前测调查,筛选被试进行团体箱庭干预并进行后测.结果 ①所调查对象中,留守儿童为118人(75.641％),非留守儿童为38人(24.359％).儿童社交焦虑量表(SASC)和儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)超出临界分的分别为71人(45.513％)和40人(25.641％),重舍人数为40人(25.641％),均为留守儿童,作为干预被试;②留守儿童与非留守儿童比较,两量表结果差异具有显著性.留守儿童的社交焦虑(t=3.091,P＜0.01)、害怕否定评价(t=2.711,P＜0.01)、社交回避及苦恼(t=2.643,P＜0.01)和抑郁水平(t=2.550,P＜0.05)均明显高于非留守儿童;③干预被试两量表前后测比较,差异均具有显著性.社交焦虑问题(t=4.111,P＜0.001)、害怕否定评价(t=2.718,P＜0.01)、社交回避及苦恼(t=4.250,P＜0.001)和抑郁问题(t=3.490,P＜0.01)在干预后明显减少.结论 留守儿童的社交焦虑及抑郁水平比非留守儿童高,团体箱庭干预留守儿童社交焦虑及抑郁问题有一定的效果.     

HIV阳性男男性行为者的抑郁焦虑状况

目的:了解我国HIV阳性男男性行为人群(MSM)的抑郁、焦虑状况,探讨抑郁、焦虑的相关因素。方法:在MSM社区HIV感染者小组的帮助下,在HIV阳性MSM中采用"滚雪球"的方法,共招募HIV阳性MSM 600人,采用电子调查问卷进行调查,获有效问卷541份。使用自编HIV阳性MSM人群健康状况调查表调查研究对象的社会人口学特征及健康行为等,流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)调查抑郁(CES-D评分≥16分者为有抑郁症状)、焦虑(SAS评分≥50分者为有焦虑症状)状况。结果:研究对象抑郁、焦虑症状检出率分别为44.7%(242/541)和25.1%(136/541)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析表明,抑郁症状的危险因素包括最近1年考虑过自杀(OR=3.31,95%CI:1.73~5.34)、未将HIV感染状况告知男性固定性伴(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.30~0.73)和被歧视经历评分高(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.11~1.29);与月收入≤1500元者相比,月收入为5000元者有抑郁症状的可能性降低(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.17~0.71)。焦虑症状危险因素包括最近1年考虑过自杀(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.40~4.21)、接受抗病毒治疗(OR=1.74,95%CI:1.06~2.84)和被歧视经历评分高(OR=1.12,95%CI:1.05~1.20);与月收入≤1500元者相比,月收入为5000元者检出焦虑症状的可能性降低(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.20~0.94)。结论:本研究提示HIV阳性MSM人群抑郁或焦虑症状检出率高,需要引起重视;降低社会歧视、促进性伴交流与支持、改善经济状况可能有助于提高HIV阳性MSM的心理健康水平。     

孕妇产前抑郁焦虑的危险因素

目的:探讨孕妇产前抑郁、焦虑的相关危险因素,为产前抑郁、焦虑的早期筛查及临床干预提供理论支持。方法:选取昆明市妇幼保健院产前检查的孕妇2112人,采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)于孕28周对其进行问卷调查。采用非条件logistic回归分析探讨产前抑郁、焦虑症状的相关危险因素。结果:孕28周抑郁症状检出率为25.4%,焦虑症状检出率为6.6%。Logistic回归分析显示,抑郁症状的危险因素为低年龄(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.68~0.94)、孕期非坚持工作(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.02~1.36)、对居住环境不满意(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.23~1.83)、期望生男孩(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.77~0.96)、非独子(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.06~1.76)、非计划内怀孕(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.10~1.72);焦虑症状的危险因素为不满意居住环境(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.19~2.26)、与丈夫关系不融洽(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.20~3.37)、非计划内怀孕(OR=1.50,95%CI:1.05~2.14)。结论:本研究提示,年龄越小、孕期未坚持工作、对居住环境不满意、期望生男孩、孕妇非独子、非计划内怀孕的孕妇,越易患产前抑郁症;对居住环境不满意、与丈夫关系不融洽、非计划内怀孕的孕妇,越易患产前焦虑症。     

团体箱庭干预留守儿童社交焦虑及抑郁研究

目的探讨团体箱庭干预留守儿童社交焦虑及抑郁情绪的效果。方法采用问卷法对5～7年级所有学生进行前测调查,筛选被试进行团体箱庭干预并进行后测。结果①所调查对象中,留守儿童为118人(75.641%),非留守儿童为38人(24.359%)。儿童社交焦虑量表(SA SC)和儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)超出临界分的分别为71人(45.513%)和40人(25.641%),重合人数为40人(25.641%),均为留守儿童,作为干预被试;②留守儿童与非留守儿童比较,两量表结果差异具有显著性。留守儿童的社交焦虑(t=3.091,P<0.01)、害怕否定评价(t=2.711,P<0.01)、社交回避及苦恼(t=2.643,P<0.01)和抑郁水平(t=2.550,P<0.05)均明显高于非留守儿童;③干预被试两量表前后测比较,差异均具有显著性。社交焦虑问题(t=4.111,P<0.001)、害怕否定评价(t=2.718,P<0.01)、社交回避及苦恼(t=4.250,P<0.001)和抑郁问题(t=3.490,P<0.01)在干预后明显减少。结论留守儿童的社交焦虑及抑郁水平比非留守儿童高,团体箱庭干预留守儿童社交焦虑及抑郁问题有一定的效果。     

大学生抑郁症与社会资本的关系

目的 了解安徽省不同特征大学生抑郁症状的现况与影响因素,探讨抑郁症状和社会资本之间的相关性。方法 应用便利抽样法选取在校大学生作为研究对象,选择一般资料调查表、社会资本量表和流调中心抑郁量表进行问卷调查,应用问卷星发放问卷,共回收有效问卷439份。结果 本研究中大学生抑郁症状的发生率为19.4%(85/439),与常模18.4%(187/1 015)之间差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.178,P=0.674);二元Logistic回归分析显示,非独生子女(OR=2.153,95%CI:1.065,4.349)、农村户籍(OR=2.137,95%CI:1.070,4.267)、理工科(OR=0.271,95%CI:0.124,0.596)、未参加过社会实践(OR=2.261,95%CI:1.136,4.502)、社会资本量表得分较低(OR=0.759,95%CI:0.670,0.859)是大学生抑郁症状的影响因素。结论 非独生子女、农村户籍、文科类专业学生、未参加过社会实践、社会资本量表得分较低的大学生易出现抑郁症状,高校应对此类大学生的心理健康积极关注。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间民众抑郁状况调查

目的:了解民众在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间的抑郁状况。方法:2020年2月16日-22日以网络调查表的形式开展横断面调查,采用患者健康问卷抑郁症状群量表(PHQ-9)筛查民众在疫情期间的抑郁症状,采用视觉模拟标尺(VAS)评估民众在疫情发生前后的抑郁程度。结果:民众在疫情期间的抑郁症状检出率为36.5%;饮酒(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.15～2.02)为抑郁症状的危险因素,年龄45～65岁(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.41～0.95)、已婚(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.40～0.71)为抑郁症状的保护性因素;民众在疫情发生前后抑郁程度VAS评分分别为1(0,18)、5(0,24),疫情发生后高于疫情发生前(P0.001)。结论:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间超过三分之一的民众存在抑郁症状,饮酒为抑郁症状的危险因素。     

灼口综合征与焦虑抑郁症状的病例对照研究

目的:分析灼口综合征(BMS)患者的焦虑及抑郁症状,探讨BMS的危险因素。方法:以口腔医院黏膜科诊断为BMS的147名患者作为病例组;以性别及年龄匹配的正常人群140人作为对照组,进行病例对照研究。采用自制的BMS危险因素问卷收集病例组和对照组的全身情况和药物史;采用焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表评价试验组和对照组的焦虑抑郁症状。统计方法包括t检验,χ2检验和logistic回归分析。结果:病例组焦虑症状评分高于对照组[(44.4±9.9)vs.(35.7±6.2)],病例组抑郁症状评分高于对照组[(48.1±11.6)vs.(37.5±8.9)],差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。BMS的危险因素为受教育程度低(OR=1.91,95%CI:1.04~3.49)、缺血性脑卒中史(OR=4.46,95%CI:1.87~10.95)、焦虑症状(OR=8.12,95%CI:2.60~25.37)及抑郁症状(OR=2.57 95%CI:1.26~5.27)。结论:BMS是多因素导致的疾病,其中较低的受教育水平、缺血性脑卒中史、焦虑及抑郁症状是BMS的主要危险因素,对BMS的治疗应联合精神科,加强心理治疗手段。     

Past and familial depression predict current symptoms of professional burnout

BACKGROUND: Despite a substantial association between professional burnout and depression, the exact nature of the relationship is unclear. It is hypothesized that an underlying susceptibility for depression is associated with an enhanced risk for professional burnout. In the present study, the relationship was examined between indices of personal and familial history of depression and current symptoms of burnout. METHODS: Respondents were 3385 employees of different work settings (61% female, age 18-65 years), who completed questionnaires regarding demographic variables, working hours, personal and familial history of depression, current depressive symptomatology, and current symptoms of professional burnout. RESULTS: After controlling for background variables, the strongest predictor of all three burnout facets was current depressive symptomatology. Independent of the effects of background variables and current depressive symptoms, having ever experienced a depressive episode further predicted current symptoms of two burnout facets: emotional exhaustion (OR=1.82, 95% CI=1.38-2.40, P<0.001) and cynicism (OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.16-1.98, P=0.002). In addition, a history of depression in close family members independently predicted current symptoms of emotional exhaustion (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.27-2.10, P<0.001), while a trend appeared for a similar effect on cynicism (OR=1.23, 95% CI=0.96-1.58, P=0.095). LIMITATIONS: The study is based on a cross-sectional retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS: A predisposition for depression, as reflected by a personal and familial history of depression, may enhance the risk for burnout.     

癌症患者的睡眠质量及相关因素

目的:了解癌症患者的睡眠质量状况及相关影响因素。方法:采用自制的一般资料调查表及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表对187例癌症患者进行测评。结果:癌症患者睡眠质量异常检出率为49.7%。Logistic回归分析显示,美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)评分为3分(P0.001,OR=5.566,95%CI=3.112~12.451)、癌症类型为肺癌(P0.01,OR=3.234,95%CI=2.342~10.642)、转移类型为骨和内脏转移(P0.01,OR=2.443,95%CI=1.965~8.963)为癌症患者睡眠质量异常的显著危险因子,ECOG评分为0分(P0.01,OR=0.236,95%CI=0.122~0.879)为癌症患者睡眠质量异常的显著保护因子。结论:睡眠质量异常在癌症患者中表现较为突出,其睡眠质量异常的危险因素为ECOG评分为3分、肺癌骨和内脏转移,保护因素为ECOG评分为0分。     

Recognizing increased risk of depressive comorbidity after myocardial infarction: looking for 4 symptoms of anxiety-depression

BACKGROUND: Screening for depression in myocardial infarction (MI) patients must be improved: (1) depression often goes unrecognized and (2) anxiety has been largely overlooked as an essential feature of depression in these patients. We therefore examined the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression after MI, and the validity of a brief mixed anxiety-depression index as a simple way to identify post-MI patients at increased risk of comorbid depression. METHODS: One month after MI, 176 patients underwent a psychiatric interview and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Symptoms of Anxiety-Depression index (SAD(4)) containing four symptoms of anxiety (tension, restlessness) and depression (feeling blue, hopelessness). RESULTS: Thirty-one MI patients (18%) had comorbid depression and 37 (21%) depressive or anxiety disorder. High factor loadings and item-total correlations (SAD(4), alpha = 0.86) confirmed that symptoms of anxiety and depression co-occurred after MI. Mixed anxiety-depression (SAD(4)>or=3) was present in 90% of depressed MI patients and in 100% of severely depressed patients. After adjustment for standard depression symptoms (BDI; OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.6-12.1, p = 0.004), left ventricular ejection fraction, age and sex, mixed anxiety-depression symptomatology was associated with an increased risk of depressive comorbidity (OR = 11.2, 95% CI 3.0-42.5, p < 0.0001). Mixed anxiety-depression was also independently associated with depressive or anxiety disorder (OR = 9.2, 95% CI 3.0-27.6, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety is underrecognized in post-MI patients; however, the present findings suggest that anxiety symptomatology should not be overlooked in these patients. Depressive comorbidity after MI is characterized by symptoms of mixed anxiety-depression, after controlling for standard depression symptoms. The SAD(4) represents an easy way to recognize the increased risk of post-MI depression.     

Which aspects of the farming lifestyle explain the inverse association with childhood allergy?

BACKGROUND: Farmers' children have a reduced prevalence of allergic disorders. The specific protective environmental factors responsible are not yet identified. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether farmers' children in the rural county of Shropshire, England, have a reduced risk of atopy and, if so, to identify the factors responsible. METHODS: The Study of Asthma and Allergy in Shropshire was a 2-stage cross-sectional study. In stage 1 a questionnaire to elicit allergic status, diet, and farming exposure was completed by the parents of 4767 children. In stage 2 a stratified subsample of 879 children underwent skin prick testing and measurement of domestic endotoxin. RESULTS: Compared with rural nonfarming children, farmers' children had significantly less current asthma symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.91; P = .01) and current seasonal allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.33-0.77; P = .002) but not current eczema symptoms (adjusted OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.68-1.21; P = .53) or atopy (adjusted OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.40-1.16; P = .15). In contrast, current unpasteurized milk consumption was associated with significantly less current eczema symptoms (adjusted OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40-0.87; P = .008) and a greater reduction in atopy (adjusted OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10-0.53; P = .001). The effect was seen in all children, independent of farming status. Unpasteurized milk consumption was associated with a 59% reduction in total IgE levels (P < .001) and higher production of whole blood stimulated IFN-gamma (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Unpasteurized milk consumption was the exposure mediating the protective effect on skin prick test positivity. The effect was independent of farming status and present with consumption of infrequent amounts of unpasteurized milk. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Unpasteurized milk might be a modifiable influence on allergic sensitization in children.     

Job strain, burnout, and depressive symptoms: a prospective study among dentists

BACKGROUND: Burnout has been presented as an antecedent of depression, but longitudinal data are lacking. We investigated whether burnout mediates the association between job strain and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Two surveys were conducted. In 2003, 71% of Finnish dentists were reached, and the response rate of the 3-year follow-up was 84% (n=2555). Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory. The sequences 'job strain-burnout-depressive symptoms' and 'job strain-depressive symptoms-burnout' were investigated with logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of the burnout sufferers without depressive symptoms at baseline, 23% reported depressive symptoms at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio of burnout for depressive symptoms was 2.6 (95% CI 2.0-3.5). The effect of job strain on depressive symptoms had an OR of 3.4 (95% CI 2.0-5.7), but it disappeared when adjusted for burnout. Of those who had depressive symptoms without burnout at baseline, 63% had burnout at follow-up. The adjusted odds ratio of depressive symptoms for burnout was 2.2 (95% CI 1.4-3.4). The effect of job strain on burnout had an OR of 27.9 (95% CI 6.5-120.2) for the men and 4.9 (95% CI 2.5-9.6) for the women. These effects remained significant after adjustment for depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: The study was conducted among one occupational group. CONCLUSIONS: There is a reciprocal relationship between burnout and depressive symptoms. Job strain predisposes to depression through burnout. In comparison, job strain predisposes to burnout directly and via depression.     

Depression and risk of sudden cardiac death after acute myocardial infarction: testing for the confounding effects of fatigue

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the impact of depressive symptoms and social support on 2-year sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk, controlling for fatigue symptoms. METHODS: Myocardial infarction (MI) patients (N = 671) participating in the Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial completed measures of depression, hostility, and social support. RESULTS: After controlling for significant biological predictors, psychosocial predictors of increased SCD risk in the survival analysis were greater social network contacts (RR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.06; p < .007), lower social participation (RR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.96-1.00; p < .05), and, in placebo-treated patients, elevated depressive symptoms (RR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.14-5.35; p < .02). Fatigue was associated with SCD (RR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.11-1.53; p < .001), and, when included in the model, diminished the influence of depression (RR = 1.73; 95% CI = 0.75-3.98; p = .20). When the cognitive-affective depressive symptoms were examined separately from somatic symptoms, there was a trend for an association between cognitive-affective symptoms and SCD in placebo-treated patients after controlling for fatigue (RR = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.99-1.19, p < .06). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of depression and fatigue overlap in patients with MI. The trend for the cognitive-affective symptoms of depression to be associated with SCD risk, even after controlling for dyspnea/fatigue, suggests that the association between depression and mortality after AMI cannot be entirely explained as a confound of cardiac-related fatigue. The independent contribution of social participation suggests a role of both depressive symptomatology and social factors in influencing mortality risk after MI.     

Work and family roles and the association with depressive and anxiety disorders: differences between men and women

BACKGROUND: This study examined the associations of (combinations of) social roles (employee, partner and parent) with the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders and whether social roles contribute to the explanation of the female preponderance in these disorders. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study using data from 3857 respondents aged 25-55 of NEMESIS (Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study). Depression and anxiety disorders were measured using the CIDI 1.1. RESULTS: The OR of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders among women compared to men was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.40-2.10). Among both genders, the partner role was associated with decreased risks of depression and anxiety and the parent role was not. The work role was a significant protective factor of depression and anxiety for men (OR=0.40; 95% CI: 0.24-0.69) but not for women (OR=0.86; 95% CI: 0.66-1.12). The effect of the work role was positive among women without children (OR=0.28; 95% CI: 0.14-0.54), but not among those with children (OR=1.01; 95% CI: 0.75-1.35). The gender risk for depression and anxiety decreased significantly by adding the work role variables into the model. LIMITATIONS: This was a cross-sectional study. This study did not give insight into the quality of social roles. CONCLUSION: The work role contributed to the explanation of the female preponderance in depression and anxiety disorders. Considering depression and anxiety among women, a focus upon quality and meaning of the work role, and barriers in combining the work role and parent role may be essential.     

Asthma and depression: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

BackgroundPrior research suggests a possible association between asthma and depression.ObjectiveTo examine the association between asthma and depressive symptoms, controlling for asthma medications, lung function, and overall health.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 12,944 adults who completed physician-based preventive health examinations at the Cooper Clinic from 2000 to 2012. Information on medical histories, including asthma and depression, and medications were collected. Participants reported overall health status, completed spirometry testing, and underwent depression screening using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Dependent variables of current depressive symptoms (CES-D scores ≥10) and lifetime history of depression were separately modeled using logistic regression with independent variables, including demographics, spirometry, asthma controller medications, and patient-reported health status.ResultsThe sample was predominantly white and well educated. The prevalence of asthma was 9.0%. Asthma was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.41 (95% CI, 1.16-1.70; P < .001) of current depressive symptoms based on CES-D score. Asthma was also associated with lifetime history of depression (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.40-1.95; P < .001). Neither lung function nor asthma controller medications were significantly associated with depression.ConclusionAsthma was associated with increased prevalence of current depressive symptoms and lifetime depression in a large sample of relatively healthy adults. These findings suggest that the increased likelihood of depression among patients with asthma does not appear to be exclusively related to severe or poorly controlled asthma. People with asthma, regardless of severity, may benefit from depression screening in clinical settings.     

Maternal early-pregnancy vitamin d status is associated with maternal depressive symptoms in the amsterdam born children and their development cohort

Objective To examine low maternal vitamin D status as a potential risk factor for high levels of depressive symptoms in a pregnant population. Methods In the Amsterdam Born Children and Their Development cohort, maternal serum vitamin D (n = 4236) was measured during early pregnancy (median, 13 weeks) and labeled "deficient" (≤29.9 nM), "insufficient" (30-49.9 nM), "sufficient" (50-79.9 nM), and "normal" (≥80 nM). Maternal depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale at 16-week gestation. The association of vitamin D status with high levels of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score ≥16) was assessed by multivariate logistic regression (final sample, 4101). Results Overall, 23% of women had vitamin D deficiency, and 21% of women had vitamin D insufficiency. Women with high levels of depressive symptoms (28%) had lower vitamin D concentrations than women with low levels of depressive symptoms (p < .001). After adjustment for constitutional factors, life-style and psychosocial covariates, and sociodemographic factors, vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.95) and insufficiency (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12-1.85) were significantly associated with high levels of depressive symptoms. Additional analyses revealed a linear trend, with an OR of 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02-1.08) for each 10-nM decrease in vitamin D status. Conclusions In this study, low early-pregnancy vitamin D status was associated with elevated depressive symptoms in pregnancy. Further research, using a randomized controlled design, would be required to confirm the causality of this association and the potential benefits of higher vitamin D intake for psychosocial health.