经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症前后食管动力的变化

贲门失弛缓症的治疗目的为降低下食管括约肌压力(LESP),减轻梗阻,改善临床症状。经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)近年来开始用于贲门失弛缓症的治疗。目的:通过分析手术前后食管动力的变化,评估POEM治疗贲门失弛缓症的近期疗效。方法:纳入2011年12月~2012年10月在南京鼓楼医院诊断为贲门失弛缓症并接受POEM治疗的39例患者,对其手术前后食管液态测压和近期随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果:38例患者完成POEM和术后3 d食管测压。术后3 d LESP较术前显著降低(P0.01),LES松弛率与术前相比无明显差异。术前和术后3 d食管体部均表现为蠕动性收缩消失,同步收缩比例增加。术后1个月随访,LESP仍显著低于术前(P0.05),37例患者吞咽困难明显好转,有效率为94.9%。结论:POEM治疗贲门失弛缓症近期内降低LESP和缓解临床症状效果明显,但对恢复食管蠕动功能作用有限。食管测压对贲门失弛缓症术后疗效评估有一定价值。     

食管高分辨率测压在非梗阻性吞咽困难患者的诊断价值

目的探讨食管高分辨率测压(high resolution manometry,HRM)在非梗阻性吞咽困难(non obstructive dysphagia,NOD)患者诊断中的价值。方法收集45例NOD患者的临床资料,总结分析HRM监测结果。结果 43例(96%)患者食管测压结果异常,最常见的食管动力障碍为食管体部动力障碍(28例,62%),其次为贲门失弛缓症(13例,29%),2例(4%)患者为胃食管交界处(esophagogastric junction,EGJ)流出道梗阻,2例(4%)患者食管测压结果正常。食管体部动力障碍中22例(79%)为轻度食管动力障碍,6例(21%)重度食管动力障碍。结论 HRM检测有助于对NOD进行早期诊断、再分类及临床预期疗效的评估。     

贲门失弛缓症贲门扩张前后食管测压变化

贲门失弛缓症是一种原发性食管神经肌肉病变,以下食管括约肌(LES)松弛障碍、食管体部缺乏蠕动性收缩为特点的动力障碍性疾病。扩张疗法是主要治疗方法,从2 0 0 0年7月始,我们对1 0例贲门失弛缓症患者的扩张治疗效果进行了食管测压研究。一、资料和方法1 .对象:确诊为贲门失弛缓症的住院患者1 0例,其中男5例,女5例,年龄1 9～5 7岁;病程3～1 2 0个月,平均(39 8±37 5 )个月。2 .治疗方法:采用探条扩张法或气囊扩张法。扩张器分别为Wilson Cook公司的Savary探条和专用贲门失弛缓症扩张气囊。3.食管动力检查:扩张前1d及扩张结束后2d行食管测…     

食管测压在不典型贲门失弛缓症诊断中的应用

早期或不典型贲门失弛缓症临床诊断较难,X线钡餐检查敏感性较低.该病可能与食管动力障碍有关,食管测压对其诊断可能有较高的价值.目的:通过分析不典型贲门失弛缓症患者的食管测压参数,探讨其特征性表现,为早期诊断提供依据.方法:对21例不典型贲门失弛缓症、15例典型贲门失弛缓症和10名健康对照者进行食管压力测定.结果:不典型贲门失弛缓症组与典型贲门失弛缓症组的LES静息压类似,但均显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).健康对照组、不典型贲门失弛缓症组和典型贲门失弛缓症组的LES残余压呈递增趋势,且两两比较有显著差异(P＜0.01);不典型贲门失弛缓症组仅6例(28.6%)患者LES静息压增加,但有14例(67.7%)LES残余压增加.不典型贲门失弛缓症组50.2%的患者吞咽后LES可完全松弛,松弛率与典型贲门失弛缓症组比较无显著差异,但显著低于健康对照组(P＜0.01).食管体部收缩振幅在三组间无显著差异,多数失弛缓症患者湿咽后表现为无传导性同步收缩,与健康对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论:不典型和典型贲门失弛缓症患者的LES静息压和LES松弛率均显著高于健康对照组,但用于诊断贲门失弛缓症敏感性较低.LES残余压对不典型贲门失弛缓症的诊断有较高的敏感性.吞咽后食管体部无传导性同步收缩是所有贲门失弛缓症患者的特征.     

贲门失弛缓症检查方法比较

贲门失弛缓症(achalasia)是一种食管动力障碍性疾病。我院自1996年9月至1999年2月通过食管测压、内镜、食管钡剂造影共检出贲门失弛缓症病人15例,现对贲门失弛缓症的检测方法比较研究如下:     

非特异性食管动力障碍与胃食管反流病的关系研究

目的探讨非特异性食管动力障碍(NEMD)常见的临床类型,各类型与胃食管反流病(GERD)的关系。方法对食管测压检出的52例NEMD患者分别进行胃镜、食管内24h动态pH和胆汁监测,埃索美拉唑(耐信)治疗试验。结果NEMD主要类型有非传导性收缩43例、低幅性收缩39例、LES不松弛或松弛不全致LES残余压增高31例,多峰收缩9例。食管内24h动态pH和胆汁监测证实17例(32.7%)伴有病理性胃食管反流,伴有反流者多为不伴LES松弛功能障碍者,而LES松弛障碍者反流不明显,耐信治疗试验进一步证实了pH和胆汁监测的结果。结论NEMD部分与GERD相关,但更多可能为原发性食管动力障碍。     

食管测压在贲门失弛缓症诊治中的应用及评价

目的　研究贲门失弛缓症患者的食管压力变化。方法　对 35例贲门失弛缓症患者与 30位正常对照的食管测压数据进行对比分析。结果　贲门失弛缓症组食管体部均为同步蠕动波 ,91 4 % (32 / 35 )为低幅同步收缩波 ;食管下括约肌松弛率 (LESRR)为 (6 9 1± 16 3) % ,明显低于正常对照的 (96 0± 0 1) % (P <0 0 1) ;食管下括约肌压增加 ;食管上括约肌各项指标与正常对照组比较无明显差别。结论　贲门失弛缓症的食管压力以低幅同步收缩波和LESRR增高为特征性表现。     

贲门失弛缓症气囊扩张前后食管测压指标的变化

贲门失弛缓症病因未明 ,多数人认为是迷走神经及其背核和食管壁肌间神经丛神经节细胞变性乃至消失 ,使得食管体部缺少蠕动和下食管括约肌 (LES)松弛不全。我院自1996年起对 35例贲门失弛缓症患者进行了气囊扩张 ,术前常规进行食管测压 ,其中 17例进行Rigiflex气囊扩张后测压复查及随访。现将其食管动力改变情况分析如下。一、资料和方法1 分组 :(1)病例组 :共 35例贲门失弛缓症患者 ,男 2 0例 ,女 15例 ,平均年龄 (38± 2 7)岁 ,所有患者经内镜和食管钡餐确诊为贲门失弛缓症。 (2 )对照组 :共 30例 ,男 13例 ,女 17例 ,平均年龄 (39± 14 …     

贲门失弛缓症病因及发病机制研究进展

贲门失弛缓症是一种食管动力障碍性疾病,食管下括约肌松弛障碍及食管蠕动异常是其主要特点。贲门失弛缓症患者存在吞咽困难、食物反流、胸痛等症状;严重者无法进食、营养不良,并可伴发吸入性肺炎;食管长期堆积食物,导致食管黏膜水肿、发炎、上皮异型增生,患食管癌的风险增高。贲门失弛缓症的病因尚不明确,认为其发病与遗传、病毒感染、免疫、炎症和环境等因素相关。贲门失弛缓症的发病机制有神经源性、肌源性和先天性学说,其中神经源性学说认为食管的肌间抑制性神经元退行性变导致贲门失弛缓症的发生,该学说被广泛接受。本文就贲门失弛缓症的病因及发病机制进行了综述。     

可回收防反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症18例临床观察

贲门失弛缓症是一种原发性食管神经肌肉病变所致的以下食管括约肌（LES）松弛障碍为特点的动力障碍性疾病，主要病理表现为LES区食管壁增厚，压力增高。治疗方法以气囊扩张为主，扩张治疗虽可短期内缓解吞咽困难症状，但患者复发率很高，且易导致穿孔、出血及食管损伤等并发症。我院2003年6月至2005年9月采用可回收防反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症18例，取得满意疗效，现报告如下。     

Esophageal manometry

Esophageal manometric study has gained tremendous popularity over the past decade. However, the contribution of this diagnostic technology has not been critically evaluated. The purpose of this report is, therefore, to determine how frequently esophageal manometry alters the clinical diagnosis and treatment and to assess the cost of new information. The patients reviewed in this report consisted of 363 consecutive referrals. Each completed a questionnaire, had an esophagogram, and underwent an esophageal manometric study for the evaluation of dysphagia, heartburn, and/or chest pain of unexplained etiology. To determine the clinical contribution of manometry, diagnoses before and after the study were compared. On the basis of symptoms and radiologic data, specific clinical entities were diagnosed in 36 patients. Manometric study did not confirm the diagnosis of achalasia in four of the 27 patients referred with this diagnosis and resulted in 19 additional specific diagnoses. Manometry changed the course of treatment in 14 cases, eight additional patients with achalasia received treatment, and four false-positive patients were spared inappropriate treatment. Moreover, two patients with simultaneous esophageal motor disorder and chest pain were spared further investigation. It is concluded that esophageal manometry altered the clinical diagnosis in 6% and changed the course of treatment in 4% of the population studied. Esophageal manometry is beneficial in patients with chest pain, dysphagia, and those in whom diagnosis of achalasia is suspected, but is of little benefit in patients with chronic heartburn. Assuming the cost per study to be $250, the cost of the study was $3945 per alteration of diagnosis and $6482 per alteration of treatment.     

Distal Esophageal Spasm: A Review

Distal esophageal spasm is a rare motility disorder presenting principally with nonobstructive dysphagia and noncardiac chest pain. In symptomatic patients, the manometric diagnosis is made when >10% of the wet swallows have simultaneous and/or premature contractions intermixed with normal peristalsis. We characterize manometry and barium as complementary diagnostic approaches, and given the intermittent nature of the disorder, one should be always aware that it is almost impossible to rule out spasm. Treatment is difficult; we propose an approach beginning with the least invasive intervention.     

Systematic Review: esophageal motility patterns in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis

BackgroundEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disorder of the esophagus characterized by an eosinophil-predominant inflammation and symptoms of esophageal dysfunction. Eosinophils can influence esophageal motility, leading to dysphagia worsening. The spectrum of esophageal motility in EoE is uncertain.AimWe performed a systematic review to investigate esophageal motility in EoE.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and EMBASE Classic were searched from inception to 16th November 2021. Studies reporting esophageal motility findings in EoE patients by means of conventional, prolonged, and/or high-resolution esophageal manometry were eligible.ResultsStudies on esophageal conventional and high-resolution manometry (HRM) found that all types of manometric motor patterns can be found in patients with EoE and investigations on 24-hour prolonged manometry demonstrated an association between symptoms and intermittent dysmotility events, which can be missed during standard manometric analysis. Panesophageal pressurizations are the most common HRM finding and may help in formulating a clinical suspicion. Some motility abnormalities may reverse after medical treatment, while other major motility disorders like achalasia require invasive management for symptoms control. HRM metrics have demonstrated to correlate with inflammatory and fibrostenotic endoscopic features of EoE.ConclusionEsophageal motor abnormalities are common in patients with EoE and may contribute to symptoms. The resolution of dysmotility after medical treatment corroborates that eosinophils influence esophageal motility.     

Esophageal motor disorders in patients with dysphagia

Endoscopy and radiology are usually suggested as the first line investigations in patients with dysphagia. Esophageal manometry is indicated if the above studies are unfruitful. Our aim was to evaluate the role of manometry in diagnosing motor disorders of the esophagus in patients with non-organic dysphagia. We retrospectively evaluated the results of seven years' experience with esophageal manometry performed in 114 patients with difficulty in swallowing not due to esophageal structural lesions or reflux esophagitis, both escluded by endoscopic and/or radiologic studies prior to manometric investigation. A variety of nonspecific esophageal motor disorders were the most common (32%) manometric abnormalities seen in patients with dysphagia. Achalasia was common (23%) too, whereas diffuse esophageal spasm (8%), nutcracker esophagus (6%) and hypertensive LES (1%) accounted for a few motility disorders associated with dysphagia. Low LES pressure was found in 3% of the patients, suggesting gastroesophageal reflux as the cause of their difficulty in swallowing. The study confirms the role of esophageal manometry in diagnosing the cause of a swallowing disorder, identified in 83 out of 114 patients (73%). Achalasia and nonspecific esophageal motor disorders accounted for more than 50% of the motility disorders in patients with dysphagia.     

Radionuclide Esophageal Emptying and Manometric Studies in Diabetes Mellitus

Esophageal function was prospectively studied in 50 consecutive insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus patients. The patients were stratified in three groups: A) 18 without peripheral neuropathy (PN); B) 20 with PN but no autonomic neuropathy; C) 12 with PN and autonomic neuropathy. Twelve patients (four B, eight C) had gastrointestinal symptoms including six with dysphagia. Radionuclide esophageal emptying was abnormal in 55, 70, and 83% of patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Eleven of the 12 (92%) symptomatic and 23 of the 38 (60%) asymptomatic diabetes mellitus patients had abnormal emptying. Five of six patients with dysphagia had abnormal emptying. Esophageal manometry was also performed in 15 patients. Twelve patients had abnormal manometry. These included nutcracker esophagus in two, achalasia in one, and increased percentage of multipeaked and simultaneous contractions in nine. There were no significant correlations between radionuclide esophageal emptying, manometric changes and symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in the presence of autonomic neuropathy. Delayed esophageal emptying was more profound in the presence of PN, but abnormal esophageal emptying was present in patients with neuropathy as commonly as patients without. Furthermore, the presence of diabetic retinopathy, duration or control of diabetics, and fasting blood sugar did not influence the frequency of abnormal esophageal emptying. Our data indicate that esophageal dysfunction is common in male diabetics even in the absence of clinical PN and retinopathy, suggesting that diabetic gastroenteropathy can occur in the absence of significant diabetic complications. Commonly observed abnormal esophageal manometry in diabetics is not necessarily accompanied by significant functional disturbances or symptoms.     

Comparison of Esophageal Motility in Patients with Solid Dysphagia and Mixed Dysphagia

It is unclear whether there is any difference in esophageal motor abnormalities between patients complaining of dysphagia for solids or both solids and liquids. The aim of this study was to determine any difference in the manometric findings between patients with dysphagia for solids and those with mixed dysphagia. Manometric tracings were performed in 200 consecutive patients (66M, 134F; mean age = 51 years) with nonobstructive dysphagia. Ambulatory pH studies were performed in all patients. Subjects were divided into two groups: patients with solid dysphagia (n = 94, 33M, 61 F; mean age = 51 years) and those with mixed dysphagia (n = 106, 33M, 73F; mean age = 51 years). A normal motility study was the most frequent finding. Achalasia occurred more frequently in patients with mixed dysphagia than in those with solid dysphagia (12% vs. 3%, p < 0.01). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was observed in 59% of patients with solid dysphagia compared with 29% of patients with mixed dysphagia (p < 0.02). The most common esophageal motility abnormality is nonspecific esophageal motility disorders. This study has shown that abnormal esophageal motility occurs slightly more in mixed dysphagia than solid dysphagia. The clinical utility of a symptomatic differentiation of patients with solid or mixed dyphagia appears to be limited.     

Evaluation of esophageal function in patients with esophageal motor abnormalities using multichannel intraluminal impedance esophageal manometry

INTRODUCTION Esophageal manometry has been considered the “gold standard” test for the evaluation of esophageal motility. Esophageal manometry allows physicians to assess peri- stalsis by using informations about the shape, amplitude and duration of the…