6810例儿童呼吸道感染病毒病原学回顾性分析

目的了解海安市儿童呼吸道病毒病原学特征。方法回顾性分析南通大学附属海安医院2018年1月至2020年5月急性呼吸道感染6810例患儿临床资料,采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种常见呼吸道病毒抗原。结果①6810例送检标本中957例为阳性,总阳性率为14.05%。其中呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)阳性例数最多,为524例(54.75%),其次依序是腺病毒(ADV)154例(16.09%)、副流感病毒Ⅲ(PIVⅢ)80例(8.36%)、副流感病毒Ⅰ(PIVⅠ)65例(6.69%)、甲型流感病毒(IFA)58例(6.60%)、乙型流感病毒(IFB)55例(5.75%)、副流感病毒Ⅱ(PIVⅡ)21例(2.19%)。②不同性别呼吸道病毒感染比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.218,P>0.05)。③11d~1岁幼儿病毒检出率阳最高(19.24%),患儿随着年龄增长,病毒感染率下降。④不同疾病的病毒阳性率不同,其中上呼吸道感染阳性率最高(27.53%),其次是肺炎(16.90%)、毛细支气管炎(7.19%)、喘息性支气管炎(6.18%);RSV是引起各疾病的主要病毒。结论RSV是海安市地区儿童呼吸道感染疾病的主要病毒,11d~1岁幼儿儿童阳性率最高,常以上呼吸道感染为主。     

Human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized children

We evaluated the percentage of hospitalizations for acute respiratory tract infections in children < or =3 years of age attributable to human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and other respiratory viruses in a prospective study during winter and spring 2002. We used real-time polymerase chain assays and other conventional diagnostic methods to detect HMPV, human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and influenza viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children. HMPV was detected in 12 (6%) of the 208 children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections, HRSV in 118 (57%), and influenza A in 49 (24%). Bronchiolitis was diagnosed in 8 (68%) and pneumonitis in 2 (17%) of HMPV-infected children; of those with HRSV infection, bronchiolitiss was diagnosed in 99 (84%) and pneumonitis in 30 (25%). None of the HMPV-infected children was admitted to an intensive-care unit, whereas 15% of those with HRSV or influenza A infections were admitted. HMPV is an important cause of illness in young children with a similar, although less severe, clinical presentation to that of HRSV.     

Natural history and epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the Middle East: Hospital surveillance for children under age two in Jordan

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and viral pneumonia in infants and young children worldwide. In the Middle East and Arab countries, the burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations is not well characterized. We sought to determine the burden and clinical/epidemiological characteristics of RSV hospitalization in young children in Amman, Jordan. We investigated risk factors for severity including vitamin D levels.MethodsWe conducted viral surveillance with clinical and demographic data in children <2 years admitted with respiratory symptoms and/or fever at the Al-Bashir Government Hospital from March16, 2010 to March 31, 2013. Nasal/throat swabs were obtained and placed into lysis buffer, and frozen at −80 °C until testing by real-time RT-PCR for 11 respiratory viruses. Heel stick blood or sera samples for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were obtained and sent to a central laboratory for mass spectrometry.ResultsOf the 3168 children, >80% testing positive for one virus, with RSV the most common virus detected (44%). The RSV-associated hospitalization rate was highest in children <6 months with an annual range of 21.1–25.9 per 1000, compared to 6.0–8.0 in 6–11-month-olds and 1.6–2.5 in 12–23-month-olds. RSV-positive children compared with RSV-negative were more likely to be previously healthy without underlying medical conditions, less likely to be born prematurely, had a higher frequency of supplemental oxygen use, and had lower median vitamin D levels. Risk factors for oxygen use in RSV-positive children included underlying medical conditions, lack of breastfeeding, younger age, and higher viral load.ConclusionRSV is a major cause of illness in hospitalized Jordanian children and is associated with increased severity compared to other respiratory viruses. Children with RSV in the Middle East would benefit from future RSV vaccines and antiviral therapy.     

Hospitalization rates for human metapneumovirus infection among 0- to 3-year-olds in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country), Spain

Numerous studies have been published on human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection, but few have been population based. The main aim of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of hospitalization for community-acquired HMPV infection in infants and children aged <3 years. Between July 2004 and June 2007, 796 episodes (742 patients) of community-acquired acute respiratory infection were hospitalized. HMPV was detected in 90 episodes (11.3%). Fifty-nine episodes occurred in infants aged <1 year. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.2 days (range 2-31 days). Thirteen children required admission to the intensive care unit. Viral co-infections were detected in 46 episodes (51.1%). The incidence rate of hospitalization per 1000 inhabitants was 2.6 (95% CI 2.1-3.2), lower than that for respiratory syncytial virus, but higher than that observed for the influenza and parainfluenza viruses. HMPV is a major respiratory pathogen that leads to a high hospitalization rate.     

420例患者感染7种常见呼吸道病毒抗原的检测

摘要:目的　探讨呼吸道感染患者病毒的分布情况,为临床早期诊断呼吸道病毒感染提供病原学依据。方法　采用直接免疫荧光法检测420例急性呼吸道感染患者的鼻咽深部分泌物,检测常见的合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒（ADV）、流感病毒A型（IVA）、流感病毒B型（IVB）、副流感病毒1、2、3（PIV1、2、3）。结果　在420例呼吸道感染患者鼻咽拭子中,检出呼吸道病毒92例,阳性率为21.9%,其中PIV3阳性率最高,为36.96%,其次是PIV2为22.83%、RSV为19.57%、PIV1为9.75%、ADV为5.43%、IVA为3.26%、IVB为2.17%。从季节分布来看,冬季阳性率最高,占63.04%,其次是秋季占21.74%,春季占10.87%,夏季占4.34%。从年龄来看,儿童组呼吸道病毒阳性率是32.23%,青少年和成年组病毒阳性率是17.73%,两组阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论　呼吸道病毒在冬季感染率最高,以PIV3为主;儿童呼吸道病毒感染率高于青少年和成年组,也是以PIV3为主。因此PIV3是本院呼吸道感染患者的主要病毒。     

Human metapneumovirus and severity of respiratory syncytial virus disease

We screened 23 children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease and 23 children with mild RSV disease for human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Although HMPV was circulating in Connecticut, none of the 46 RSV-infected patients tested positive for HMPV. In our study population, HMPV did not contribute to the severity of RSV disease.     

Morbidity profiles of patients consulting during influenza and respiratory syncytial virus active periods

We compared the burden of illness due to a spectrum of respiratory diagnostic categories among persons presenting in a sentinel general practice network in England and Wales during periods of influenza and of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity. During all periods of viral activity, incidence rates of influenza-like illness, bronchitis and common cold were elevated compared to those in baseline periods. Excess rates per 100,000 of acute bronchitis were greater in children aged <1 year (median difference 2702, 95% CI 929-4867) and in children aged 1-4 years (994, 95% CI 338-1747) during RSV active periods rather than influenza; estimates for the two viruses were similar in other age groups. Excess rates of influenza-like illness in all age groups were clearly associated with influenza virus activity. For common cold the estimates of median excess rates were significantly higher in RSV active periods for the age groups <1 year (3728, 95% CI 632-5867) and 5-14 years (339, 95% CI 59-768); estimates were similar in other age groups for the two viruses. The clinical burden of disease associated with RSV is as great if not greater than influenza in patients of all ages presenting to general practitioners.     

儿童急性下呼吸道感染常见病毒的流行状态分析

目的分析长沙地区儿童急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）常见病毒的流行状态。方法对2007年9月至2008年8月本院儿科医学中心住院临床诊断为ALRTI的患儿1165例,采集患儿鼻咽部分泌物,应用RT—PCR进行常见呼吸道病毒核酸检测,包括RSV、HRV、PIV1～3、和IFA、IFB,PCR方法检测ADV,分析急性下呼吸道感染患儿病毒检出率及病毒感染与年龄、季节的关系。结果1165例患儿中,783例检出至少1种病毒,检出率为67．2％。其中RSV检出率27％,其次是HRV（17．4％）和PIV3（13．9％）。病毒感染的高峰在秋冬季节。不同年龄组病毒的总检出率比较差异有统计学意义,≤12个月组病毒检出率较高为67．5％,〉60个月组病毒检出率最低为42．9％。783例中2种或2种以上病毒混合感染检出率为36．3％,≤12个月组混合感染检出率最高为63．7％,〉36个月组混合感染检出率仅为8．5％。结论ALRTI患儿中常见病毒感染的高峰在秋冬季节;检出的呼吸道病毒中RSV感染检出率最高,其次为HRV和PIV3;≤12个月患儿病毒感染检出率及混合感染率最高;最常见的混合感染类型是RSV和HRV两种病毒混合感染。     

湖南省2012-2014年发热呼吸道症候群哨点监测结果及分析

目的 通过“发热呼吸道症候群监测”了解湖南省主要呼吸道病毒流行情况及病原谱分布,为发热呼吸道症候群防控及临床诊疗提供科学依据。 方法 2012年1月-2014年12月,从符合发热呼吸道症候群定义的患者身上采集鼻/咽拭子、肺泡灌洗液、痰液样本。采用基于毛细管凝胶电泳的“9+7呼吸道病毒多重PCR检测法”对标本中流感病毒(Flu)、呼吸道腺病毒(AdV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、人鼻病毒(hRV)、副流感病毒(PIV)、偏肺病毒(HMPV)、人博卡病毒(hBoV)和人冠状病毒(hCoV)共8种病毒的16个亚型进行核酸检测。使用SPSS17.0统计学软件对个案信息及检测结果进行统计学分析。 结果 2012年1月-2014年12月,从哨点医院采集各类呼吸道标本共961份,其中男性病例标本595份,占61.91%;女性病例标本366份,占38.09%。在961份已检测的标本中,通过PCR检出阳性标本456份,阳性检出率为47.45%。男、女病例标本的阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。按年龄将病例分为7个年龄组,各年龄组的阳性检出率分别为 1岁以下(52.80%)、1~2岁(66.53%)、2~5岁(49.86%)、6~15岁(25.56%)、16~49岁(11.11%)、50~64岁(17.39%)和65岁以上(19.40%)。在456份病毒阳性的标本中,检出混合感染48例,非混合感染408例。在检出的呼吸道病毒中,AdV、RSV和Flu所占的比例最大(病原谱构成比分别为25.90%、21.31%和17.73%),其次为hRV(14.14%)和PIV(11.75%);HMPV(4.78%)和hBoV(3.98%)检出较少,而hCoV只有两例阳性被检出。男性、女性的病原构成差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各年龄段的病原构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中2岁以下的儿童病例中检出的病毒以RSV(29.36%)和AdV(23.02%)为主,其次为PIV(13.10%)、hRV(11.90%)和Flu(11.11%);2~5岁的儿童病例中,AdV所占比例最大(34.02%),其次为hRV(18.56%)、Flu(18.04%)和RSV(15.46%);6~15岁少儿病例中以Flu(31.43%)和PIV(34.29%)为主,其次为AdV(17.14%)和hRV(14.29%);在16~49岁的病例中,只有Flu检出;在50岁以上老年病例中,病原构成以Flu(68.41%)为主,其余为PIV(10.53%)、HMPV(10.53%)和RSV(10.53%)。监测还发现,Flu、AdV有夏季和冬春季两个流行高峰;RSV有冬春季流行高峰;hRV有秋冬季流行高峰。 结论 所监测的8种呼吸道病毒是引发严重急性呼吸道住院病例的重要病原。5岁以下儿童及65岁以上的老人可能是主要的易感人群。其中,RSV、AdV、 Flu可能是引发儿童病毒性呼吸道感染的主要病原,而Flu则可能是引发成人病毒性呼吸道感染的主要原因。因此,应将这几种病毒作为呼吸道病毒防控的重点,进行更多的监测和更深入的研究。     

苏州地区急性呼吸道感染住院患儿病毒感染状况分析

目的 了解苏州地区儿童急性呼吸道感染(acute respiratory infection,ARI)的病毒病原情况,指导临床进行诊断与治疗.方法 对苏州大学附属儿童医院2005年11月-2007年5月间住院的2492例ARI患儿采用无菌负压吸引法采集新鲜痰液,采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种病毒,即呼吸道合胞病毒(respirations syncytial virus,RSV),腺病毒(adenovirus,ADV),流感病毒A、B型(influenza virus-A,Inf-A;influenza virus-B,Inf-B),副流感病毒1、2、3型(parainfluenze viru-1,Pinf-1;parainfluenze viru-2,Pinf-2;parainfluenze viru-3,Pinf-3).同时用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法进行人偏肺病毒(human metapneumovirus,hMPV)检测.结果 送检标本2492例,总病毒阳性率38.6%(961/2492),总阳性检出率与年龄、季节及病种有关[年龄:各年龄组总病毒检出阳性率分别为:50.0%(412/824),43.4%(190/438),30.5%(207/679)和27.6%(152/551),x~2=96.5002,P<0.01;季节:春夏秋冬四季总病毒检出阳性率分别为:46.7%(366/784),13.8%(66/478),13.8%(59/428)和58.6%(470/802),x~2=392.3279,P<0.01;病种:各种临床疾病(上呼吸道感染、急性喉炎、喉-气管-支气管炎、支气管肺炎、大叶性肺炎、毛细支气管炎、支气管哮喘)总病毒检出阳性率分别为:21.4%(30/140),73.7%(14/19),32.0%(8/25),36.9%(598/1620),13.1%(8/61),66.1%(216/327)和29.0%(87/300),x~2=162.1276,P<0.01],与性别无关[男女总病毒阳性率分别为:39.0%(588/1508)和37.9%(373/984),x~2=0.2962,P>0.05],其次为hMPV 20.6%(198/961).RSV流行高峰主要集中在12-3月份,以毛细支气管炎感染率50.2%(164/327)最高,hMPV全年均可检出,冬季检出率13.2%(106/802)最高.结论 RSV和hMPV是苏州地区ARI患儿的主要病毒病原,通过检测儿童呼吸道感染疾病的病毒病原,可对临床提供快速、准确的诊断依据,防止滥用抗生素.     

Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, Brazil

We describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 111 children attending clinics and hospitals in Aracaju, northeast Brazil, with acute respiratory infections attributable to human metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or both in May and June 2002. Fifty-three (48%) children were infected with RSV alone, 19 (17%) with HMPV alone, and 8 (7%) had RSV/HMPV co-infections.     

广州地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染流行情况及混合感染调查

目的:了解广州地区儿童呼吸道感染的病毒流行特征及病毒混合感染的病原学构成。方法:2006年9月～2009年8月共收集720例起病3天内的呼吸道感染患儿鼻、咽拭子,应用荧光定量PCR方法检测标本中流感病毒(Flu)、副流感病毒(HPIV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、鼻病毒(HRV)、偏肺病毒(MPV)及冠状病毒(HCoV)等7种病毒的核酸。结果:①病毒总检出率为69.7%(502/720),检出率最高的前3种病毒为RSV(19.4%)、Flu(16.9%)和HRV(14.2%)。不同年龄组患儿同种病毒检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②502例阳性标本中,83例(16.5%)检出两种病毒混合感染,7例(1.4%)检出3种病毒混合感染。不同年龄组患儿混合感染发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③病毒混合感染高峰季节是春季和夏季,其中春季以RSV、HRV、Flu和MPV混合感染为主,夏季则以Flu、HRV和ADV混合感染为主。结论:RSV、Flu和HRV是广州地区儿童呼吸道感染的主要病原体,病毒混合感染以RSV和Flu最为常见,随不同年龄、不同季节有一定变化规律。     

Surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on virus interference

During the 7-year period from September 1978 to August 1985, smear specimens of nasopharyngeal secretions from 3132 patients mainly hospitalized children, taken in different regions in Norway, were examined for respiratory viruses by the rapid immunofluorescence (IF) technique. A positive diagnosis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus type 1, 2 and 3 or influenza A and B virus was made for 896 patients (29%). The greatest prevalence for all these viruses was observed during the colder months with only sporadic cases during the summer months. A relative increase in parainfluenza virus activity, involving several parainfluenza virus types, was observed in every second autumn and during these periods only sporadic cases of RSV infection were diagnosed. Also both RSV and parainfluenza viruses were less frequently found during influenza virus epidemics and regional differences in RSV activity were observed. During the four autumn periods 1982-85 the monthly number of positive virus identifications by IF followed an epidemic curve, while the corresponding number of negative samples was relatively constant. The results of this study suggest interference between RSV, parainfluenza viruses and influenza virus in reaching their epidemiological peaks. It is suggested that interferon might be a mediator of this effect.     

An outbreak of severe pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus in isolated Arctic populations.

A rapidly developing outbreak of pneumonia in young infants was documented in two isolated Artic populations in May 1972. These were studied virologically, serologically and clinically. In addition to the two stricken communities, one apparently unaffected with serious clinical illness and a fourth, in which are located the major hospital and airport in the eastern Arctic, were also studied. One hundred and twenty-four patients were studied serologically and 81 respiratory and other specimens were obtained for virus isolation from 40 of these patients. Clinical records were kept of the outbreak in each area and a detailed questionnaire was filled out for 140 children and their families. Respiratory syncytial irus (RSV) was cultured from eight ill children. Electron microscopy provided the first evidence of RSV infection. A seroconversion rate of approximately 50% was seen in both affected communities as well as in the clinically unaffected one. The epidemic in the first two communities was characterized by severe pneumonia and frequent hospitalization but no cases of bronchiolitis were seen. No evidence for other causes of this outbreak could be obtained by testing for antibodies to influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, adenovirus and herpes simplex viruses. Unusual features of this epidemic of RSV infection include the high attack rate, severe morbidity, illness manifest almost exclusively as pneumonia rather than bronchiolitis and the difference between the expression of disease in different communities. Historical data and clinical observations were inadequate to explain these unusual features.     

热性惊厥患儿血清IL-6、IL-10水平与呼吸道病毒感染的关系

目的探讨热性惊厥(FS)患儿血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-10表达水平并与呼吸道病毒感染的关系。方法选取2017年3月~2019年3月来嘉兴市妇幼保健院就诊的136例热性惊厥患儿为研究对象,同期选取88例健康儿童作为对照组;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IL-6、IL-10表达水平,采用免疫荧光法对受试者鼻咽部脱落细胞进行病毒抗原检测,分析不同类型病毒感染热性惊厥患儿血清中IL-6、IL-10水平及患儿临床特征,探讨对非典型热性惊厥(复杂性热性惊厥,CFS)患儿临床特征的危险因素。结果CFS组患儿血清IL-6水平显著高于单纯性热性惊厥(SFS)组和对照组,SFS组患儿血清IL-6水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CFS组患儿血清中IL-10表达水平显著低于SFS组和对照组,SFS组患儿血清中IL-10水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。流感病毒A(FluA)组热性惊厥患儿血清中IL-6水平显著高于副流感病毒(PIV)组、腺病毒(ADV)组、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)组,FluA组热性惊厥患儿血清中IL-10水平显著低于PIV组、ADV组、RSV组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);FluA、PIV、ADV、RSV 4个组之间年龄、热峰、热程、同一热程多次惊厥发作、发作后长程意识水平下降(PPIC)比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CFS患儿临床特征的危险因素显示年龄与部分性发作有关(P<0.05),同一热程中多次惊厥发作与年龄、FluA病毒有关(P<0.05),PPIC与热程、同一热程中多次惊厥发作、ADV感染有关(P<0.05)。结论FS患儿血清IL-6表达水平上调,IL-10水平下调,不同病毒类型感染的热性惊厥患儿临床表现不同,年龄、同一热程中多次惊厥发作、FluA、PPIC等可能是FS发作的重要因素,其中FluA可能是FS发病的高危因素。     

儿童急性呼吸道感染578例病毒检测分析

目的 了解三门峡地区儿童急性呼吸道感染(ARI)的病毒病原学构成,指导临床诊断与治疗。方法 采集578例ARI住院患儿的鼻咽拭子,采用直接免疫荧光法检测7种病毒即呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ(PIVⅠ～Ⅲ)、流感病毒A、B型(IVA、IVB)。结果 儿童ARI的病毒总检出率为61.59%,混合感染占45.22%。病毒总检出率冬季最高(77.35%)、夏季最低(25.00%)。下呼吸道感染的病毒总检出率高于上呼吸道感染。RSV、PIVⅢ、IVA的检出率位居前三位,分别为30.62%、28.89%、21.97%。RSV及PIVⅢ在秋冬季、下呼吸道感染、3岁以下患儿中检出率较高;IVA在冬季、上呼吸道感染患儿中检出率较高。结论 RSV 、PIVⅢ、IVA是三门峡地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要病毒病原。RSV 、PIVⅢ是秋冬季节婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的主要病原;IVA是冬季各年龄患儿上呼吸道感染的主要病原。通过检测儿童ARI的病毒病原,对尽早明确病毒病原,避免滥用抗生素具有重要意义。     

长沙地区急性下呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道合胞病毒、偏肺病毒临床特征及流行状况分析

目的了解长沙地区急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）儿童呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）及人偏肺病毒（hMPV）的流行病学特点和临床特征。方法收集2007年9月-2008年8月湖南省人民医院儿科医学中心1 165例ALRTI住院儿童鼻咽抽吸物样本,进行RSV及hMPV基因检测。对RSV和hMPV感染患儿流行病学特点、临床表现及实验室检查结果等进行比较。结果 1 165例样本检出RSV阳性标本315例,检出率为27.04%,1岁以下患儿占64.1%;hMPV阳性76例,检出率为6.52%,1岁以下患儿占63.15%;RSV感染全年均有发生,第一年11月到次年2月份为检出高峰,hMPV的检出高峰在3-4月;RSV感染病例气促的发生率高于hMPV感染病例（P〈0.05）,发热、喘息、呕吐、腹泻的发生率两种病毒间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;RSV、hMPV感染病例白细胞、C-反应蛋白、转氨酶及心肌酶等实验室指标变化比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;影像学检查同以散在肺部实变或间质病变为主,鲜有累及大片肺叶及胸膜。14例患儿同时存在RSV及hMPV感染,混合感染率1.20%（14/1 165）。RSV及hMPV协同感染患儿发绀几率较单一RSV感染患儿高（P〈0.05）,白细胞升高几率大于单一感染者（P〈0.05）,而喘息、气促、呕吐、腹泻发生率及C-反应蛋白、转氨酶、心肌酶等实验室检测指标变化与单一RSV或hMPV感染比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;单一hMPV感染患儿的发热率高于单一RSV感染或两者协同感染患儿（P〈0.05）。单一感染和协同感染病例间病程、住院天数及预后比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 RSV及hMPV均是引起长沙地区婴幼儿下呼吸道感染的重要病原,流行季节相近,具有相似的临床特征及影像改变,临床上难以鉴别。RSV感染较hMPV感染患儿更易发生气促,而hMPV感染则相对更易出现发热症状。混合hMPV感染可能有加重RSV感染患儿呼吸道症状的趋势。     

儿科重症监护室单一和多重呼吸道病毒感染对比分析

目的 探讨儿科重症监护室(PICU)患儿单一和多重呼吸道病毒感染情况的差异.方法 收集406例入住汕头大学医学院第二附属医院PICU合并有呼吸道感染患儿的咽拭子样本,采用多重PCR及常规PCR对咽拭子行16种呼吸道病毒检测,分析阳性病例的病毒感染情况及与患儿临床特征的关系.结果 406例样本中病毒检测阳性者252例,阳性率62.1％.阳性样本中,以其中鼻病毒(HRV)检出率最高,为105例(41.7％),其次为呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)[63例(25.0％)]和腺病毒(HADV)[48例(19.0％)];单一病毒感染177例(70.2％),多重病毒感染75例(29.8％),包括66例双重病毒感染,9例三重病毒感染.多重病毒感染最多的病毒组合是HRV+RSV(16例).单一病毒感染和多重病毒感染的患儿中存在基础疾病的病例数分别为46例和6例,两者差异有统计学意义(x2=10.409,P＜0.01);而二者在性别、年龄、住院时间、上下呼吸道感染人数及小儿危重症评分上差异均无统计学意义(x2=3.430,Z=0.315,Z=0.336,x2=0.041,P均＞0.05).结论 呼吸道病毒是PICU中呼吸道感染性疾病的主要病原体之一;存在基础疾病的患儿以单一病毒感染为主,多重病毒与单一病毒感染对于疾病严重程度的影响没有明显差异.