2型登革病毒通过线粒体途径诱导EA.hy926细胞凋亡

 目的：探讨登革病毒诱导EA.hy926细胞(人脐静脉内皮细胞融合细胞株)相对活力的变化与线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential,Δψm)改变及线粒体凋亡途径的关系。方法：用2型登革病毒(dengue virus type 2, DENV-2)感染EA.hy926细胞,MTT法检测感染前后EA.hy926细胞的相对活力,荧光显微镜和流式细胞术分别观察感染前后JC-1在EA.hy926细胞线粒体内的聚集情况以检测Δψm的改变,通过比色法检测caspase-9的活性变化。结果：DENV-2感染EA.hy926细胞24 h、36 h及48 h后,细胞活性受到显著抑制,550 nm处的A值均低于未感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);JC-1染色显示,感染后各时点,代表正常线粒体的红色荧光均较未感染组减弱,而代表Δψm下降的绿色荧光较未感染组逐渐增强。流式细胞术检测Δψm平均荧光密度比未感染组减低,差异有统计学意义。DENV-2 感染后早期即可出现caspase-9活性的上升,与未感染组相比,各时点的活性差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论：DENV-2感染EA.hy926细胞后可诱发Δψm下降,增强caspase-9活性,进而启动线粒体的凋亡途径。     

丹参酮IIA通过抑制p38 MAPK通路减轻PM2.5对血管内皮细胞的损伤

 目的: 探讨PM2.5对EA.hy926型人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的影响及丹参酮ⅡA在这一过程中的作用及机制。方法: 采集广州城区大气PM2.5并以不同质量浓度(0、20、200、400 mg/L)染毒EA.hy926细胞24 h,MTT法测细胞存活率,流式细胞术测细胞凋亡,Western blot法测p-p38 MAPK、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白水平,ELISA法测白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,并测定细胞丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性;分别加入丹参酮ⅡA(5、10、20μ mol/L)和p38 MAPK通路特异性阻滞剂SB20358020μ mol/L检测丹参酮ⅡA的干预作用及机制。结果: 与对照组比较,PM2.5染毒后呈剂量依赖性降低EA.hy926细胞的存活率,上调p-p38 MAPK蛋白水平及Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比率以促进细胞凋亡,诱导分泌IL-6及TNF-α,降低SOD活性,增加MDA含量及LDH活性,差异均有统计学显著性(P<0.05);丹参酮ⅡA呈剂量依赖性增加EA.hy926细胞的存活率,下调p-p38 MAPK蛋白水平及Bax/Bcl-2蛋白比率以抑制细胞凋亡,降低IL-6及TNF-α含量,增加SOD活性,降低MDA含量及LDH活性,差异均有统计学显著性(P<0.05)。结论: 丹参酮ⅡA可通过抑制p38 MAPK通路,减轻PM2.5对EA.hy926细胞的损伤。     

ZNF580在1-磷酸鞘氨醇诱导内皮细胞迁移和增殖中的作用

 目的：研究人锌指蛋白ZNF580在1-磷酸鞘氨醇(sphingosine 1-phosphate, S1P)诱导内皮细胞迁移和增殖中的作用,为探讨ZNF580功能提供科学依据。方法：RT-PCR检测S1P受体在EA.hy926细胞的表达情况;不同浓度(0~10 μmol/L) S1P刺激EA.hy926细胞不同时间(0~12 h)后,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测S1P对ZNF580表达的影响;利用p38 MAPK信号通路特异性抑制剂SB203580研究S1P是否通过此信号通路影响ZNF580的表达;脂质体转染法获得瞬时过表达和瞬时低表达ZNF580的EA.hy926细胞;Transwell实验及MTT比色法分析ZNF580对内皮细胞迁移和增殖活性的影响。结果：EA.hy926细胞表达S1P1、S1P3和S1P5三种受体,其cDNA的特异性扩增产物分别为352 bp、701 bp和236 bp;S1P刺激EA.hy926细胞后,ZNF580的表达呈现剂量和时间依赖性增高;SB203580能够抑制S1P诱导的ZNF580的上调作用;ZNF580过表达（低表达）后内皮细胞迁移和增殖活性明显增强（减弱）。结论：S1P通过p38 MAPK信号通路影响ZNF580的表达;ZNF580在内皮细胞迁移和增殖过程中起着重要的调控作用。     

SPP对人脐静脉内皮EA.hy926细胞表达粘附分子的作用

目的:通过研究在N,N-二甲基鞘氨醇(DMS)作用下,人脐静脉内皮EA.hy926细胞株(EA株)表达粘附分子CD54(ICAM-1)和CD62p(PS)的变化,探讨第二信使1-磷酸鞘氨醇(SPP)参与动脉粥样硬化(AS)粘附过程的机制。方法:采用流式细胞仪分群作用衡量EA细胞株和单核细胞之间的粘附率,用细胞免疫组化法检测DMS作用于EA株后引起的粘附分子的表达。结果:随着DMS作用剂量或作用时间的增加,CD54与CD62p的表达均减少,同时粘附率也相应地下降。结论:AS早期的粘附过程可能是通过SPP来转导信息,以促进粘附分子表达。     

枸杞多糖减轻过氧化氢诱导的人内皮样细胞EA.hy926氧化损伤

目的:研究枸杞多糖(LBP)对过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导人内皮样细胞EA.hy926氧化损伤的作用及机制。方法:用H_2O_2建立EA.hy926细胞氧化损伤模型,细胞共分为5个组:正常对照(control)组、模型(damage)组(H_2O_2,50 mmol/L)、LBP(100 mg/L)组、抗损伤(anti-damage)组(50 mg/L、100 mg/L和200 mg/L LBP+50 mmol/L H_2O_2)和LY294002(20μmol/L)组。采用CCK-8法检测细胞的活力;用Annexin V/PI双染法流式细胞术检测不同处理后EA.hy926细胞的凋亡;吖啶橙(AO)/溴乙啶(EB)染色法观察细胞凋亡的形态特征;划痕法测定细胞的迁移能力;一氧化氮(NO)试剂盒检测细胞培养上清中NO的水平;用ELISA法测定血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的水平;Western blot检测cleaved caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2、内皮型NO合酶(eNOS)、p-eNOS和p-Akt的蛋白水平。结果:量效结果显示浓度为100 mg/L的LBP预处理EA.hy926细胞1 h,然后加入H_2O_2(50 mmol/L)处理24 h对减轻H_2O_2诱导的EA.hy926细胞损伤的作用最显著。与damage组比较,LBP预处理可提高EA.hy926细胞的活力(P0.05),减少细胞凋亡(P0.05),并促进细胞迁移;上清液中VEGF和NO水平升高;Bcl-2/Bax比率明显升高,下调cleaved caspase-3蛋白水平,并上调eNOS和p-eNOS蛋白水平。此外,加入PI3K抑制剂LY294002后,LBP对H_2O_2损伤的EA.hy926细胞的保护作用减弱,表现为NO水平和p-Akt蛋白水平降低。结论:LBP能减轻H_2O_2对EA.hy926细胞的损伤作用,缓解H_2O_2诱导的凋亡,其机制与激活PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路密切相关。     

磷脂酰肌醇3激酶／蛋白激酶B通路在缺氧血管内皮细胞凋亡中的作用

目的：探讨磷脂酰肌醇3激酶／蛋白激酶B（PI3 K／Akt）通路在缺氧血管内皮细胞凋亡中的作用。方法（1）常规培养人血管内皮细胞株EA．hy926细胞,取部分人血管内皮细胞株EA．hy926按照随机数字表法分为两组：正常对照组：置于气体成分体积分数5％二氧化碳培养箱中常规培养;缺氧组：置于气体成分体积分数1％氧气、5％二氧化碳和94％氮气的三气培养箱中进行缺氧培养。采用蛋白质印迹法检测正常对照组内皮细胞和缺氧处理3、6、24 h的内皮细胞中Akt活化状态（以pAkt／Akt值表示）,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。（2）另取部分人血管内皮细胞株EA．hy926按照随机数字表法分为4组：正常对照组,缺氧组：培养方法同前,正常对照＋阻断剂组：用含50μmol／L的LY294002（PI3 K／Akt阻断剂）的培养液常规培养内皮细胞;缺氧＋阻断剂组：用含50μmol／L 的LY294002的培养液缺氧处理内皮细胞。均于培养3 h后收集内皮细胞,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。对Akt活化状态与细胞凋亡率行单因素方差分析和LSD-t检验。结果（1）正常对照组细胞和缺氧处理3、6、24 h的内皮细胞pAkt／Akt值分别为0．67、0．79、0．34和0．35;正常内皮细胞和缺氧处理3、6、24 h 的内皮细胞凋亡率分别为（3．11±0．21）％、（4．57±0．85）％、（6．93±0．58）％、（9．96±2．62）％,组间比较差异有统计学意义（F＝8．96,P＝0．030）。与正常对照组细胞比较,缺氧处理3、6 h的内皮细胞凋亡率升高,差异无统计学意义（t＝1．03、2．70,P＝0．360、0．054）;缺氧处理24 h的内皮细胞凋亡率显著升高,差异有统计学意义（t＝4．99,P＝0．008）。（2）正常对照组、正常对照＋阻断剂组、缺氧组、缺氧＋阻断剂组培养3 h后细胞凋亡率为（2．39±0．50）％、（5．77±1．21）％、（3．76±1．05）％     

Cytolethal distending toxin from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 causes irreversible G2/M arrest, inhibition of proliferation, and death of human endothelial cells

Recently, cytolethal distending toxin V (CDT-V), a new member of the CDT family, was identified in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 and particular non-O157 serotypes. Here we investigated the biological effects of CDT-V from STEC O157:H(-) (strain 493/89) on human endothelial cells, which are believed to be major pathogenetic targets in severe STEC-mediated diseases. CDT-V caused dose-dependent G(2)/M cell cycle arrest leading to distension, inhibition of proliferation, and death in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and two endothelial cell lines, EA.hy 926 cells (HUVEC derived) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). The cell cycle effects of CDT-V were cell type specific. In HUVEC and EA.hy 926 cells, CDT-V caused a slowly developing but persistent G(2)/M block which resulted in delayed nonapoptotic cell death. In contrast, in HBMEC, CDT-V induced a rapidly evolving but transient G(2)/M block which was followed by progressive, mostly apoptotic cell death. In both HBMEC and EA.hy 926 cells, G(2)/M arrest was preceded by the early accumulation of a phosphorylated inactive form of cdc2 kinase. Significant G(2)/M arrest and inhibition of proliferation in both HUVEC and each of the endothelial cell lines were induced by 2 to 15 min of exposure to CDT-V, indicating that the effects of the toxin are irreversible. CDT-V-treated HBMEC and EA.hy 926 cells displayed fragmented nuclei and expressed phosphorylated histone protein H2AX, indicative of DNA damage followed by a DNA repair response. Our data demonstrate that CDT-V causes irreversible damage to human endothelial cells and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of STEC-mediated diseases.     

Glucose deprivation depolarizes plasma membrane of cultured astrocytes and collapses transmembrane potassium and glutamate gradients

Primary cultures of astrocytes were used to investigate the effects of glucose deprivation on plasma membrane potential, on the respiration and on the energy status of these cells. Plasma membrane potential, as monitored with a cyanine dye, 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine, hyperpolarized by about 100% when glucose was added to substrate-deprived cells. The effect of glucose was prevented by iodoacetate or ouabain. In the absence of glucose, cellular adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratio was extensively reduced and pyruvate was unable either to restore energy status or to hyperpolarize the plasma membrane of astrocytes, although it was the preferential substrate for mitochondria within the cells. Glucose deprivation and inhibition of glycolysis or respiration in the presence of glucose caused dramatic decrease in transmembrane potassium ion and L-glutamate gradients. The gradients were not restored in the presence of pyruvate. Thus, aerobic glycolysis, rather than oxidation of pyruvate, is required to maintain maximal plasma membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratios as well as K+ and L-glutamate gradients. This evidence, together with the unresponsiveness of astrocyte respiration to ouabain, indicates a functional dissociation between energy dissipation at the plasma membrane and mitochondrial synthesis of adenosine triphosphate. The results are discussed with regard to the vulnerability of glia at low levels of blood glucose and the contribution of glial dysfunction to development of hypoglycaemic encephalopathy.     

克拉屈滨对人脐静脉内皮细胞活力和代谢的影响

目的:研究克拉屈滨对人脐静脉内皮细胞EA.hy926生长及分泌活性的影响,探讨克拉屈滨通过抑制内皮细胞活力发挥抗肿瘤的作用机制。方法:采用CCK-8法检测不同浓度(0.4~1μmol/L)克拉屈滨对内皮细胞活力的影响;用流式细胞术检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡率;Western blot检测细胞凋亡和周期相关蛋白的表达水平;用ELISA法检测上清液肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的水平;Gries法检测上清液一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)含量。结果:克拉屈滨作用48 h对细胞活力有明显的抑制作用,其半数抑制浓度约为3.644μmol/L,随药物浓度升高和作用时间的延长而抑制作用增强。克拉屈滨作用48 h后,细胞周期被明显阻滞在S期,0.4μmol/L时S期细胞约43.74%,1μmol/L时S期细胞约77.23%。克拉屈滨处理后,各组内皮细胞的凋亡率没有显著差异。克拉屈滨处理后,caspase-3与Bax蛋白水平无明显差异;p21水平随着药物浓度增加而增高,而p53水平随着药物浓度增加而降低(P0.05)。克拉屈滨处理后,上清液中TGF-β1和TNF-α水平升高,VEGF含量减少(P0.05)。克拉屈滨处理后,上清液中NO含量减少(P0.05)。结论:克拉屈滨能明显抑制内皮细胞EA.hy926的活力,其主要机制与细胞周期阻滞有关。同时克拉屈滨能促进内皮细胞EA.hy926分泌TNF-α和TGF-β1,抑制其分泌VEGF和NO。     

类风湿关节炎滑膜血管内皮细胞中Smoothened的表达及其意义

 目的:初步观察Sonic Hedgehog信号通路分子Smoothened（Smo）在类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis, RA）滑膜血管内皮细胞的表达及其生物学意义。方法:收集4例病情中度活动的RA患者的滑膜组织,同时收集4例外伤或半月板损伤（无关节炎）者滑膜组织作为对照组,免疫组化检测滑膜组织Smo蛋白表达情况。采用人脐静脉内皮细胞系EA.hy926作为滑膜血管内皮细胞的模型,予不同浓度肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）处理,Western blotting检测Smo蛋白表达;采用RNAi技术转染体外合成的特异性Smo-siRNA,应用Western blotting检测沉默效果;转染siRNA 24 h后,经TNF-α/放线菌素D（actinomycin D, ActD）诱导细胞凋亡,CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况。结果:RA患者滑膜组织Smo表达高于对照组,以血管内皮细胞表达尤为明显。EA.hy926细胞经TNF-α刺激后,Smo蛋白表达上调（P<0.05）。RNA干扰EA.hy926细胞Smo表达后,细胞存活率为（24.30±0.45）%,低于阴性对照组的（36.86±0.62）%（P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率为（48.00±1.96）%,高于阴性对照组的（31.70±0.82）%（P<0.05）。结论: Smo可能参与了RA患者滑膜组织血管内皮细胞凋亡的调控。     

Chlamydia pneumoniae multiplies in human endothelial cells in vitro

The ability of three C. pneumoniae isolates, Kajaani 6, Helsinki 12 and TW-183, to grow in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in an immortalized endothelial cell line EA.hy 926 was studied. All C. pneumoniae isolates were capable of multiplying in endothelial cells. EA.hy 926 cells could support the growth of C. pneumoniae better than HUVEC, yet less efficiently than HL and HEp-2 cells that are conventionally used in C. pneumoniae culturing. Although centrifugation of the inoculum greatly increased the inclusion yields, it was not necessary for infectivity. In addition, a persistent infection of C. pneumoniae in EA.hy 926 and HL cells ensued and it was followed up for two months. The fact that endothelial cells can serve as hosts to C. pneumoniae might be a significant contributing factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a disease which recent studies show to be associated with chronic C. pneumoniae infection.     

Candida albicans expresses a focal adhesion kinase-like protein that undergoes increased tyrosine phosphorylation upon yeast cell adhesion to vitronectin and the EA.hy 926 human endothelial cell line

The signaling pathways triggered by adherence of Candida albicans to the host cells or extracellular matrix are poorly understood. We provide here evidence in C. albicans yeasts of a p105 focal adhesion kinase (Fak)-like protein (that we termed CaFak), antigenically related to the vertebrate p125Fak, and its involvement in integrin-like-mediated fungus adhesion to vitronectin (VN) and EA.hy 926 human endothelial cell line. Biochemical analysis with different anti-chicken Fak antibodies identified CaFak as a 105-kDa protein and immunofluorescence and cytofluorimetric analysis on permeabilized cells specifically stain C. albicans yeasts; moreover, confocal microscopy evidences CaFak as a cytosolic protein that colocalizes on the membrane with the integrin-like VN receptors upon yeast adhesion to VN. The protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors genistein and herbimycin A strongly inhibited C. albicans yeast adhesion to VN and EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. Moreover, engagement of alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 integrin-like on C. albicans either by specific monoclonal antibodies or upon adhesion to VN or EA.hy 926 endothelial cells stimulates CaFak tyrosine phosphorylation that is blocked by PTK inhibitor. A role for CaFak in C. albicans yeast adhesion was also supported by the failure of VN to stimulate its tyrosine phosphorylation in a C. albicans mutant showing normal levels of CaFak and VNR-like integrins but displaying reduced adhesiveness to VN and EA.hy 926 endothelial cells. Our results suggest that C. albicans Fak-like protein is involved in the control of yeast cell adhesion to VN and endothelial cells.     

Regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules by ligands binding to the scavenger receptor.

Monocyte adherence to the endothelium, their penetration to the subendothelial space and excessive lipid accumulation (foam cell formation) are the initial events in atherogenesis. Scavenger receptors have been reported to play an important role in foam cell formation, since modified low density lipoproteins can be taken up via scavenger receptors in a non-down-regulated fashion. In this study we demonstrate that stimulation of scavenger receptors in endothelial cells induces the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. Polyinosinic acid (poly I), a known scavenger receptor ligand, significantly induced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells when compared with polycytidylic acid (poly C), a structurally related compound to poly I, which does not bind to the scavenger receptor. The effect of scavenger receptor ligands on the endothelial cell line EA hy. 926 was also tested. Poly I up-regulated ICAM-1 expression also on EA hy. 926 cells, while it had no effect on IL-1 beta or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production on the same cell line. Poly I-induced ICAM-1 expression on EA hy. 926 cells could be inhibited by H7, a protein kinase C inhibitor, while HA 1004, a preferential protein kinase A inhibitor, had no effect on ICAM-1 expression. The role of protein kinase C in scavenger receptor-mediated adhesion molecule upregulation was confirmed by the ability of poly I to directly activate protein kinase C, when measured with 3H-phorbol dibutyrate binding to EA hy. 926 cells, while poly C again was ineffective.     

Tropomyosin-1 protects endothelial cell–cell junctions against cigarette smoke extract through F-actin stabilization in EA.hy926 cell line

The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on EA.hy926 endothelial cells in culture in the context of maintenance of cell–cell junctions through the structural stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton. In the present study, F-actin was stabilized by the overexpression of tropomyosin-1, which is known to stabilize actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Our study showed that the stabilization of F-actin significantly increased the survival of cells treated with 25% CSE. In addition, after stabilization of F-actin the migratory potential of EA.hy926 cells subjected to CSE treatment was increased. Our results also showed increased fluorescence intensity of alpha- and beta-catenin after CSE treatment in cells which had stabilized F-actin. Analysis of fluorescence intensity of Zonula occludens-1 did not reveal any significant differences when EA.hy926 cells overexpressing tropomyosin-1 were compared with those lacking overexpression. It would appear that overexpression of tropomyosin-1 preserved the structure of actin filaments in the cells treated with CSE. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that stabilization of F-actin protects EA.hy926 cells against CSE-induced loss of both adherens and tight junctions. The data presented in this study suggest that overexpression of tropomyosin-1 stabilizes the organizational structure of actin filaments and helps preserve the endothelial barrier function under conditions of strong oxidative stress.     

香烟尘粒对人脐静脉内皮EA.hy926细胞的损伤作用

目的:选用人脐静脉内皮EA.hy926细胞株作为研究对象,观察二甲基亚砜溶解的香烟尘粒(DSP)对人脐静脉内皮EA.hy926细胞生长的影响。方法:以(1、2、4、8)mL/L剂量DSP作量效实验,小剂量DSP(2mL/L)作时效实验,采用MTT比色法和96孔板细胞蛋白测定方法来评价DSP对该细胞株增殖和活性的影响。透射电镜(TEM)观察不同处理因素作用后细胞超微结构变化。结果:DSP能抑制人脐静脉内皮EA.hy926细胞增殖(P<0.05),且对该细胞株具有明显毒性,它能减少细胞蛋白合成(P<0.05)、增加细胞死亡(主要为坏死),作用呈剂量和时间依赖。结论:DSP能损伤血管内皮细胞(VEC)。     

High-glucose induced protective effect against hypoxic injury is associated with maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential

Our previous report has showed that the treatment of 48 h with 22 mM glucose prevents hypoxia-induced cardiac cell death. In the present study, we investigated whether high glucose affects the mitochondrial death pathway during hypoxia, and if it does, what relates to the high glucose induced cardioprotection. Heart-derived H9c2 cells were incubated in low (5.5 mM) or high (22 mM) glucose medium for 48 h, then transferred to a normoxic or hypoxic condition. The hypoxia-induced reduction of mitochondrial redox potential, assessed by MTT assay, was inhibited in high glucose treated cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased by hypoxia in low glucose treated cells, but not in high glucose treated cells. The hypoxia-induced cytoplasmic accumulation of cytochrome c, released from the mitochondria, was blocked by a treatment of high glucose. High glucose did not induce the expression of an antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, nor did it reduce a proapoptotic protein Bax, but it did inhibit a hypoxia-induced downregulation of Bcl-2. The cellular ATP contents were not changed by the treatment of high glucose for 48 h, and the hypoxia-induced decline of intracellular ATP level was observed in high glucose treated cells and in low glucose. A glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose, did not reverse the high glucose induced reduction of LDH release. The elevation of [ROS](i) induced by hypoxia was inhibited in high glucose treated cells. These results suggest that high glucose induced cardioprotection may be accounted for in part by the preservation of MMP and the maintenance of a basal level of [ROS](i) during hypoxia.     

梓醇抑制AGEs诱导的EA.hy926细胞炎症反应及RAGE表达

目的:研究梓醇对晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)诱导的EA.hy926内皮细胞炎症反应的抑制作用并探讨其可能机制。方法:将常规培养的EA.hy926细胞随机分为对照组、梓醇对照组、AGEs组以及梓醇高剂量(0.5 mmol/L)、中剂量(0.25 mmol/L)和低剂量(0.05 mmol/L)保护组。激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)的生成;RT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)及晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)的mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果:梓醇保护组ROS生成均明显减少,MCP-1、TNF-α和VCAM-1的mRNA及蛋白表达均显著降低,RAGE蛋白表达明显受抑制,且呈剂量依赖性(P0.05)。结论:梓醇能够有效抑制AGEs诱导的EA.hy926细胞内氧化应激,减轻炎症反应,其机制可能与其降低RAGE表达有关。     

A cytoplasmic component of pyridine nucleotide fluorescence in rat diaphragm: evidence from comparisons with flavoprotein fluorescence

Pyridine nucleotide (PN) and flavoprotein (Fp) fluorescence were monitored in the isolated intact rat diaphragm. A substantial increase in PN fluorescence occurred when N₂ replaced O₂ in glucose medium. This response was much reduced in pyruvate medium and/or by pretreatment with iodoacetic acid (IAA). The anaerobic levels of Fp fluorescence were less affected by substrate and IAA. Substitution of glucose by pyruvate did not alter the PN fluorescence of the resting aerobic tissue, but increased Fp fluorescence. After a tetanus with glucose present the PN of the anaerobic muscle, but not the Fp underwent a substantial transient oxidation. This oxidation was absent in pyruvate medium. It is concluded that a cytoplasmic component of the PN fluorescence is present in skeletal muscle. The levels of Fp fluorescence in the resting and contracting aerobic tissue supplied with pyruvate suggest that the resting tissue respiration was ADP limited. On this basis the level of PN fluorescence in the aerobic resting state was less than expected; the source of the PN fluorescence was both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic.     

PM2.5对血管内皮细胞氧化应激和凋亡的影响及机制

目的:从大气细颗粒物PM2.5对血管内皮细胞氧化应激和凋亡的影响,研究PM2.5对血管内皮细胞的毒性。方法:体外培养血管内皮细胞株EA.hy926,用不同浓度的PM2.5染毒24 h后,用CCK-8法测细胞的活性,用DCFH-DA荧光标记法检测细胞内氧自由基生成情况,用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,然后用Western blot法检测凋亡相关蛋白细胞色素C、cleaved caspase-9和cleaved caspase-3的表达变化。结果:CCK-8法结果显示PM2.5对血管内皮细胞有明显的毒性,在浓度大于25 mg/L时可使EA.hy926细胞活性显著下降;PM2.5染毒24 h后可见DCFH-DA荧光染色增强,说明细胞内有大量的氧自由基形成;流式细胞术和Western blot检测证实PM2.5可以通过上调细胞色素C表达和活化cleaved caspase-9和cleaved caspase-3而诱导EA.hy926细胞凋亡。此外,用N-乙酰半胱氨酸抑制氧自由基生成可以抑制血管内皮细胞凋亡,提示PM2.5引起的细胞凋亡与氧化应激有关。结论:PM2.5可导致血管内皮细胞氧化应激水平增强和凋亡增加,这可能是其影响心血管系统功能的机制之一。