Changes in the parameters of the rhythms of the electrolyte-excreting function of the kidneys in women in relation to the seasons of the year

The characteristics (period, mesor, amplitude) of the rhythms of urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were examined in normal women during various seasons. The urine was collected for 5 days with 4-hour intervals. The rhythms were detected and their parameters established with the use of mathematical methods for the assessment of the tested curve fragments repetitions and by the least squares nonlinear method. The rhythms of renal urinary and electrolyte excretion were found very smooth, particularly so in the fall and winter. The circadian rhythms have been found the most stable during all the seasons. Examinations of individual electrolyte excretion have shown that Na and K excretion is more stable all the year round and therefore this parameter is the most informative for the detection of disorders in renal electrolyte excretion.     

分析心脏超声在胎儿及新生儿先天性心脏病检查中的应用

目的:分析在胎儿和新生儿的先天性心脏病筛查中通过应用心脏超声的诊断价值。方法:抽取2010年1月-2017年12月我院580例行胎儿心脏超声检查孕妇,统计其产前与产后的超声检查结果,并于胎儿的尸检结果进行对比。结果:产后超声提示新生儿先心病共计13例,产前超声共计检出12例,检出率为92.31%,漏诊率为7.69%,与产后超声结果比较中P>0.05;10例均采取引产方式,尸检结果与产前超声诊断结果完全一致,且比较中P>0.05。结论:通过运用心脏超声有利于实现对胎儿和新生儿先天性心脏病的明确诊断,临床应用价值较高。     

论护士长在医院成本核算管理中的作用

成本核算是我国经济增长方式从粗放型向集约型转变,加强医院经济管理的一种趋势。笔者仅就护士长在医院成本核算管理中如何发挥作用进行探讨。加强内部管理,协调管理的诸要素,以节约降耗,挖掘潜能为基础,严格计划、控制,从而实现大价值、高功效、低成本的管理目标。     

国人脊髓圆锥位置的磁共振成像研究

目的通过MRI研究非脊柱脊髓畸形的国人人群圆锥位置的变化.方法应用1.5T MRI机对1199例病人行腰椎MR扫描,自旋回波T1加权、正中矢状位像上观测其圆锥末端的位置.根据其与相应椎体的上、中、下1/3及椎间盘的对应关系定位.结果圆锥末端的平均位置为L1的下1/3水平(范围T12的中1/3～L3的上1/3),圆锥末端的位置呈正态分布,女性圆锥位置低于男性(P<0.001),各年龄段无差别(P>0.05).结论 MRI可以观测到圆锥末端的位置,对临床椎管内麻醉、腰椎管手术和椎管造影有重要参考意义.     

Pitfalls in the Care of the Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department

Background

Care of the psychiatric patient in the Emergency Department (ED) is evolving. As with other disease states, there are a number of pitfalls that complicate the care of the psychiatric patient.

Objective

The purpose of this article is to update Emergency Physicians concerning the pitfalls in caring for the psychiatric patient, and possible solutions to deal with these pitfalls.

Discussion

The article will address the burden of the psychiatric patient, staff attitudes, medical clearance process, treatment of the agitated patient, suicidal patients, and admission decisions.

Conclusions

Alternative care resources, collaboration with Psychiatry, staff education, improvement in the medical clearance process, proper use of restraint and seclusion, and appropriate choice of medication for agitated patients can help avoid some of the top pitfalls in the care of the psychiatric patient in the ED.     

Change in the drug-metabolizing function of the liver in patients in the postoperative period in relation to the type of anesthesia]

Anesthesia-dependent changes in pharmaco-metabolic liver function have been studied in patients operated on for cosmetic facial defects. It has been established that the postoperative period in patients subjected intraoperatively to general combined anesthesia and controlled lung ventilation was characterized by inhibited drug metabolism in the liver, which required correction of the drug doses to reduce the risk of side and toxic effects of pharmacotherapy. Patients operated on under local procaine anesthesia had no considerable changes in pharmaco-metabolic liver function in the postoperative period.     

Health in the USSR in the era of Perestroika

For years, the Health Service of the USSR was considered a model and a guide. Countries in the Third World were invited to follow its various elements in organizing their own national health systems. But, since August 1987, everybody has known that the Health Service of the USSR is in a very bad situation. Official reports, journals of the Party and declarations of the health authorities all emphasized the catastrophic state of the health care organization in USSR: rising mortality rates, alcohol and drug abuse, extensive pollution, hospitals without hygiene or equipment, lack of professionalism and extended corruption among medical doctors and other health workers, patients' dissatisfaction etc... Of special concern are the cardiovascular and maternal mortality rates which are now much higher than in other countries. In the wake of perestro?ka, a plan of reform was initiated by the Party and the Government, and was announced in 1988 by Health Minister E.N. Tchazov. The basic principle of the Health Service in the USSR remains prevention. Nevertheless, a great number of new measures will be implemented. Health information and care will be brought to the people by health workers. Mass screening for the most frequent diseases will be performed. Computers will be used on a large scale for managing high risk groups. Health centers will be strengthened. But the most revolutionary element of the reform will be the extension of the "paying sector", with increased number of facilities having financial autonomy. These facilities provide care and require some payment from the patients. They existed previously, but in the future they will be increased and strengthened. This means that the patients will have to pay more money but the services will be likely improved. The future will show whether the plan will succeed or fail.     

Study of the changes in the expression of histocompatibility antigens on the monocyte surface in the evaluation of the macrophage component of the immune system in rheumatoid arthritis

Peripheral blood monocytes from 23 healthy persons and 25 RA patients were studied by cytohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescence and cytophotometry to reveal interrelationship between cellular function of the system of mononuclear phagocytes and the expression of HLA-complex antigens in health and in RA. An increase in the phagocytic and metabolic activity of circulating monocytes was shown to be associated with a degree of the activity of an inflammatory process. A decrease in the level of the expression of HLA antigens class I was established in parallel with the rearrangement of the numerical ratio of cells expressing low and high levels of class II HLA-molecules. A degree of disorders of the expression of HLA-molecules and monocytic function was associated with a degree of RA activity.