剖腹手术与腹腔镜手术在异位妊娠治疗中的临床分析

目的比较腹腔镜手术与剖腹手术在异位妊娠治疗中的效果。方法经临床确诊的异位妊娠住院病例98例,随机分入腹腔镜手术组47例、剖腹手术组51例,记录术前病史、术中情况、住院时间,观察术后恢复情况。结果腹腔镜手术组手术时间、术中出血明显少于剖腹手术组（P〈0．01）,静脉用抗生素时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间明显短于剖腹手术组（P〈0．01）。结论异位妊娠患者选用腹腔镜手术优于剖腹手术。     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤临床观察

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤临床疗效。方法采用回顾性分析的方法，比较分析卵巢良性肿瘤患者腹腔镜组和传统开腹组的临床资料，观察术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量、肛门排气时间、住院时间分别是（44．6±13．5）ml、（13．5±2．0）h、（4．0±2．0）d明显低于传统开腹组（90．5±25．6）ml、（22．5±3．2）h、（7．5±3．5）d，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）；腹腔镜组术后发热、术后出血、脂肪液化、术后出血分别是1例、0例、0例、0例，明显低于传统开腹组4例、3例、2例、3例，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤临床效果明显、不良反应小。     

腹腔镜手术治疗输卵管妊娠36例的临床研究

目的：比较腹腔镜与剖腹手术治疗输卵管妊娠的效果。方法：72例输卵管妊娠患者随机分为两组。腹腔镜组36例采用气管插管＋静脉全身麻醉,常规建立气腹,根据病情及患者需求等因素决定手术方式。剖腹组36例,采用硬膜外麻醉,按常规行剖腹输卵管切除术、输卵管开窗取胚术或卵巢胚胎切除术。比较两组患者的住院时间、住院费用及术后恢复情况。结果：腹腔镜手术组手术时间及术中出血明显少于剖腹手术组,静脉用抗生素时间、肛门排气时间及住院时间明显短于剖腹手术组（P〈0.01）,腹腔镜组术后镇痛用药率少于剖腹组（P〈0.01）,住院费用明显高于剖腹手术组（P〈0.01）。结论：腹腔镜手术出血少、手术时间短、术后不需镇痛、术后病率低、肛门排气时间早、住院时间短、恢复快、术后妊娠率高,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术的安全性、实用性。方法对110例卵巢良性肿瘤行腹腔镜卵巢肿瘤术,并与同期113例卵巢良性肿瘤开腹手术进行比较。结果腹腔镜手术组手术时间、失血量、住院日分别为（42.10±6.68）min、（27.23±10.15）ml、5d;开腹手术组分别为（75.50±0.23）min、（85.40±8.65）ml、7d,2组3项指标比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。腹腔镜组术后6h全部拔管并下床活动,无腹腔内出血发生。结论腹腔镜卵巢良性肿瘤剥除安全,术中出血少,住院时间短,恢复快,具有实用价值。     

腹腔镜治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的临床分析

目的比较腹腔镜治疗卵巢良性肿瘤与开腹手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2年来本院采取手术治疗的80例卵巢囊肿患者的临床资料，其中40例行腹腔镜手术（1aparoseopyoperation）列为观察组，40例行传统开腹手术列为对照组。结果观察组术中失血量、术后肛门排气时间、下床时间和住院时间均明显少于对照组（P〈0．05），两组均无并发症。结论腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、出血少、康复快、风险小、预后好等优点，是治疗卵巢良性肿瘤安全有效的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜手术治疗异位妊娠临床效果分析(附140例报告)

目的比较腹腔镜手术与剖腹手术治疗异位妊娠的效果.方法将2002年1月至2004年12月我院140例异位妊娠患者分为腹腔镜手术组（80例）和剖腹手术组（60例）,对比两组的手术效果及并发症发生的情况.结果腹腔镜手术组手术时间与剖腹手术组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后平均住院日、镇痛剂使用例数及恢复家务劳动时间均明显少于剖腹手术组（P＜0.01）.结论腹腔镜手术为治疗异位妊娠的一种理想手术方式,在治疗异位妊娠方面有取代剖腹手术的趋势.     

腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术56例临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术（LISH）的临床价值。方法 将110例良性子宫病变患者随机分为腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除手术组（56例）和传统剖腹全子宫切除（TAH）手术组（54例）．比较两组术中、术后情况。结果两组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；两组术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后病率、术后住院日及术后恢复时间等比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 腹腔镜鞘膜内子宫切除术与传统的剖腹手术比较具有损伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、住院时间短，术后康复快和极少并发症发生等优点，值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的临床效果评估

目的分析研究腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法分析86例在我院妇产科行腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤患者的临床资料。选择同期50例采用开腹治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的患者为对照组,比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、平均住院天数和术后肛门平均排气时间等。结果 2组患者手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,观察组术中出血量少于对照组,肛门排气时间和平均住院日均短于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤具有创伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快等优势,是治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的第一术式选择。     

腹腔镜下卵巢良性肿瘤剔除术80例临床分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜下进行卵巢良性肿瘤剥除术的临床效果，为卵巢良性肿瘤的良性治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析我院2008年11月-2012年9月160例确诊为卵巢良性肿瘤患者的临床资料，其中80例患者采用腹腔镜手术治疗（观察组），另80例采用传统的开腹手术治疗（对照组），比较2组患者在手术时间、手术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、住院天数等临床指标的差异。结果观察组和对照组手术时间分别为（73．4±13．6） min、（71．9±11．8）min；手术中出血量分别为（53．7±16．4）ml、（81．6±18．1）ml；手术后发热例数分别为16例和25例；住院天数分别为（4．6±2．1）d、（8．2±3．2）d；差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0．05），但2组手术时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论腹腔镜下卵巢良性肿瘤剥除具有安全、出血少、恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢囊肿127例疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤的临床效果。方法回顾性分析收集127例接受腹腔镜手术治疗的卵巢良性肿瘤患者的病历资料,并与同期接受开腹术的129例患者作对比。结果腹腔镜手术组患者术中出血量、肛门排气时间、平均住院时间[分别为（41．7±20．1）ml、（8．4±7．5）h、（4．5±1．4）d]均少于开腹术者[分别为（70．4±9．8）ml、（21．6±16．0）h、（6．3±2．5）d],差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜手术适用于治疗卵巢良性肿瘤。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.