HPLC法测定恩普洛胶囊中丙磺舒的含量

目的　测定恩普洛胶囊中丙磺舒的含量。 方法 　高效液相色谱法 ;C8柱 (5μm.4.6× 15 0 mm) ;流动相为水 -乙腈 -1.0 mol· L- 1 磷酸二氢钾溶液 -1.0 mol· L- 1 醋酸溶液 (90 9∶ 690∶ 10∶ 1) ;流速 1.0 ml· min- 1 ;检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 　丙磺舒在 2 5～ 2 0 0μg· ml- 1 范围内呈良好线性关系 (r=0 .99999) ,重现性良好 ,RSD=0 .1% (n=8) ,平均回收率 10 0 .0 % ,RSD=0 .5 % (n=9)。 结论 　本法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,重现性好     

高效液相色谱法测定利福喷丁胶囊的含量

目的　测定利福喷丁胶囊的含量。 方法 　高效液相色谱法 ,C8柱 (5 μm.4.6× 15 0 mm) ,流动相为甲醇 -乙腈 -0 .0 75 mol·L- 1磷酸二氢钾溶液 -1.0 mol·L- 1柠檬酸溶液 (2 80∶ 2 80∶ 2 60∶ 40 ) ,流速 1.0 ml· min- 1 ,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 　利福喷丁在 2 0～ 180 μg·ml- 1范围内呈良好线性关系 (r=0 .99999) ,重现性良好 RSD=0 .3 77% (n=10 ) ,平均回收率 99.7% ,RSD=0 .19(n=5 )。 结论 　本法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,重现性好。     

HPLC测定土霉素片的含量

目的　测定土霉素片的含量。方法　采用HPLC法 ,C18色谱柱 ,以 0 0 5ml·L-1草酸铵溶液 -二甲基甲酰胺 - 0 2mol·L-1磷酸氢二铵溶液 (75∶2 0∶5 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 80nm。结果　土霉素在 0 0 1～ 0 15mg·ml-1范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,回归方程为 :Y =2 5 4× 10 7X +2 15× 10 4(r =0 .9996 ,n =7)。平均加样回收率为 98 7% (RSD =1 13% ,n =5 )。结论　方法简便、快速、准确。     

RP-HPLC测定利福昔明的含量及有关物质

目的　建立测定利福昔明含量及有关物质的方法。方法　采用C18色谱柱 (5 μm ,15 0mm× 4.6mm) ,流动相为甲醇 -乙腈 - 0 .0 5mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 - 0 .5mol·L-1枸橼酸溶液 (5 0∶2 5∶2 0∶5 ) ,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果　利福昔明在 5 0～ 2 0 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内 ,峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系 (r=0 .9999) ,平均回收率为 99.9%。结论　所建方法简便 ,专属性及重复性好 ,可用于利福昔明的含量及有关物质的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸纳洛酮片含量及含量均匀度

目的 :报道反相高效液相色谱法测定盐酸纳洛酮片的含量及含量均匀度。方法 :采用C18柱 ,以乙酰苯胺为内标 ,甲醇 -乙腈 - 0 0 2mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 (1 5∶1 0∶7 5 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 40nm。结果 :在进样量 0 4～ 4μg ,内标物为 0 2 μg时 ,其峰面积比值呈良好线性 ,r =0 9999(n =6 )。方法平均回收率 10 0 1% ,RSD为0 5 6 % (n=9)。结论 :方法简便、准确、专属     

反相高效液相色谱法测定复方戒烟贴片中尼古丁和可乐定的含量

目的 :建立反相高效液相色谱法检测复方戒烟贴片中尼古丁和可乐定的含量。方法 :用LichrosorbC8柱 ,甲醇 -磷酸盐缓冲液 (0 0 0 2 2mol·L- 1 磷酸二氢钾 - 0 0 16mol·L- 1 磷酸氢二钠溶液 ) (5 2∶48)为流动相 ,检测波长 2 6 8nm。结果 :该方法回收率尼古丁为 95 4% ,RSD为 3 8% (n =5 ) ;可乐定为 98 9% ,RSD为 4 8% (n =5 )。结论 :本法较简便 ,准确可靠 ,可作为复方戒烟贴片的质量控制方法。     

HPLC法测定氨苄西林胶囊的含量

目的　建立 HPLC法测定氨苄西林胶囊含量。方法　采用 C18柱为固定相 ;0 .0 2 5 mol· L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 (p H 4.5 ) -乙腈 (96∶ 4)为流动相 ;流速 1 m L· min-1;检测波长为 2 5 4 nm;灵敏度为 0 .0 5 AUFS。结果　浓度在 0 .2 6～ 1 .3 2 g·L-1范围内线性关系良好。 r=0 .9999,平均回收率为 1 0 0 .1 % ,RSD 0 .3 % (n =5 )。结论　该法快速、简便、准确 ,适用于氨苄西林胶囊的含量测定     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸麻黄碱滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

本文采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸麻黄碱的含量 ,以KromasilC18为色谱柱 ,以磷酸二氢钾(0 0 5mol·L-1) -甲醇 (5 3∶4 7)为流动相 ,流速为 0 8ml·min-1检测波长为 2 5 7nm ,在 4～ 2 4 μg范围内 ,具有良好的线性关系。r =0 9999,回收率 10 0 36% (n =6) ,RSD为 0 6%。     

高效液相色谱法测定糖尿灵片中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的　应用高效液相色谱法测定糖尿灵片中盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法 　色谱条件 :YWG-C1 8柱 ;流动相 :乙腈 -磷酸盐缓冲液〔0 .0 5 mol·L- 1 磷酸二氢钾和 0 .0 5 mol· L- 1 庚烷磺酸钠 ( 1∶ 1) ,( 4 3∶ 5 7) ,含 0 .2 %三乙胺〕,用磷酸调 p H值至 3 .0。检测波长 2 64 mm,流速 1.2 m L·min- 1。 结果 　盐酸小檗碱在 10 .2～ 5 1.0 μg·m L- 1内线性关系良好 ( r=0 .998) ,平均回收率 97.6%,RSD=1.0 %。结论 　本法可用于控制制剂的质量     

RP-HPLC法测定注射用苦参素的含量

目的　建立注射用苦参素含量的测定方法。方法　采用RP -HPLC法 ,使用VP -ODS柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 6mm ;10 0A) ,以 0 0 2mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液 (用 1mol·L-1磷酸溶液调pH至 3 5 ) -乙腈 (89∶11)为流动相 ,流速为 1 0ml·min-1,在 2 2 0nm波长处 ,以外标法测定。结果　苦参素在 72 72～ 16 9 6 8μg·ml-1浓度范围内呈良好线性 (r =0 9999) ,平均回收率为 99 31% ,RSD为 0 82 % (n =9)。结论　该法快速简便 ,分离度好 ,结果准确可靠     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.