涎腺导管癌5例临床病理分析

目的 探讨涎腺导管癌(salivary duct carcinoma,SDC)的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗及其预后.方法 回顾性分析5例 SDC 的临床资料、病理学形态和免疫组织化学标记结果.结果 (1)SDC好发于老年男性,平均发病年龄64.6岁,主要见于腮腺,生长迅速,易侵犯神经,常发生转移.(2)组织学特点与乳腺导管癌极为相似.肿瘤细胞向导管内生长,形成乳头状、筛孔状、实性等多种结构,并可形成粉刺样坏死,肿瘤向周围组织浸润生长是其显著特征.(3)免疫组化结果显示肿瘤细胞CK、EMA、CEA、GCDFP-15、c-erbB-2、p53均阳性,Ki-67增殖指数较高,ER、PR在部分病例呈散在阳性表达,而PSA、CD117、p63、S-100、CD10、GFAP均阴性.(4)随访资料显示SDC具有较差的预后.该组5例中,3例复发,1例转移.结论 SDC是一种高度恶性的涎腺肿瘤,组织形态类似乳腺导管癌.对该肿瘤确诊主要依赖于病理形态特征与免疫组化结果相结合,且需要和其他肿瘤如低度恶性筛状囊腺癌、黏液表皮样癌、实性腺样囊性癌、腺泡细胞癌、乳头状囊腺癌、多形性低度恶性腺癌、上皮-肌上皮癌等鉴别.     

乳腺黏液表皮样癌1例

患者女, 43岁。因右乳肿块3个月行手术切除。病变切面呈囊实性。镜下观察:肿瘤呈囊实性生长, 囊内可见乳头状突起。肿瘤由形态温和的中间细胞、表皮样细胞、黏液细胞和嗜酸性细胞构成, 细胞间可见筛状腺腔/微囊结构, 其内含黏液或嗜酸性分泌物。瘤周乳腺组织可见淋巴组织增生。免疫组织化学:p63、细胞角蛋白(CK)5/6和CK7呈分区阳性染色, GATA3阳性、S-100蛋白和SMMHC阴性, 雌激素受体(ER)阳性率25%、孕激素受体(PR)阴性、HER2 1+、Ki-67阳性指数约5%。荧光原位杂交检测提示MAML2基因重排。病理诊断为右乳低级别黏液表皮样癌。     

腮腺硬化型黏液表皮样癌1例临床病理学观察并文献复习

目的 探讨腮腺硬化型黏液表皮样癌(sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma,SMEC)的临床特点、组织学特征及鉴别诊断.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision两步法对SMEC标本进行染色,结合临床资料并复习相关文献,分析其形态学特征及免疫表型.结果 肿瘤与周围腮腺组织混杂存在,中央硬化,外周淋巴细胞及少量嗜酸细胞浸润,并见鳞状细胞巢及黏液细胞.免疫表型:黏液细胞CEA、CKL均(+),非角化的表皮样细胞及中间型细胞CEA(-),表皮样细胞CKH(+),Ki-67、c-erbB-2均(-).结论 腮腺SMEC发病率极低,属于低度恶性肿瘤.     

肺黏液表皮样癌12例临床病理分析

目的 探讨肺黏液表皮样癌(pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma,PMC)临床与病理学特征、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗及预后.方法 对12例PMC进行组织形态学和免疫组织化学检查,结合文献复习进行分析并随访.结果 12例PMC中7例行支气管镜活检显示黏膜下肿物,呈息肉样突向管腔,部分表面可见破溃,界限较清.病理形态显示12例PMC均由黏液细胞、鳞状细胞和中间型细胞构成,细胞分化程度较高,PAS、AB-PAS染色阳性.免疫组化染色示肿瘤细胞CAM5.2、HCK和p63均(+),Ki-67增殖指数为10%左右.12例均行手术治疗,均未见淋巴结转移,随访其中10例均无复发或死亡.结论 PMC较少见,为低度恶性肿瘤.临床症状无特异性,容易误诊.支气管镜活检有助于早期诊断,手术切除预后较好.     

肝上皮样血管内皮瘤2例临床病理分析

目的 探讨肝上皮样血管内皮瘤(hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma,HEH)的临床病理特点及诊断和鉴别诊断.方法 回顾分析2例HEH的临床病理和免疫组化特征.结果 2例均为女性,年龄分别为51、55岁.临床均表现为右上腹疼痛不适,均为单发,位于肝右叶,大小分别为5 cm×4 cm×3 cm、5 cm×4 cm×4 cm.例2伴肝门淋巴结转移.光镜下肿瘤细胞呈上皮样或梭形,伴胞质内管腔,腔内可见红细胞,间质黏液透明变,瘤细胞浸润周围肝组织,例1伴钙化,脉管腔内见乳头状生长瘤细胞,似瘤栓样结构;例2淋巴结转移瘤细胞异型明显,伴局灶坏死,除淋巴结转移瘤细胞仅CD31阳性外,2例瘤组织CD31、CD34、FⅧRAg因子均为阳性,其中例2表达部分上皮标记如CK8和LCK.结论 HEH少见,易误诊为转移癌.在遇到胞质内管腔含红细胞、间质黏液玻璃样变性时应考虑HEH.     

肺唾液腺型肿瘤13例临床病理分析

目的探讨肺唾液腺型肿瘤的临床病理特征、诊断、鉴别诊断及预后。方法回顾性分析13例肺唾液腺肿瘤的临床病理特征及免疫表型,并复习相关文献。结果 13例临床诊断为肺肿瘤行肺切除术或楔形切除术,病理确诊为腺样囊腺癌(adenoid cystic carcinomas,ACC)最多见(6/13,46. 2%),黏液表皮样癌(mucoepidermoid carcinomas,MEC)次之(4/13,30. 8%),多形性腺瘤(pleomorphic adenoma,PA)(2/13,15. 4%)及肌上皮癌少见(1/13,7. 7%)。ACC肿瘤细胞呈筛孔状或小管状排列,由导管细胞和肌上皮细胞构成,导管细胞嗜酸性,形成真性腺腔结构。MEC可见大小不等的囊腔,囊腔衬里细胞由典型的黏液细胞构成,周边中间型细胞胞质透亮。肺肌上皮癌细胞圆形、胞质透亮,由纤维血管间隔分割,可见肿瘤性坏死。肺PA由两种细胞构成,排列成腺管样结构,腔内含红染分泌物,部分区域由梭形细胞构成,束状排列。免疫表型:肿瘤细胞不同程度的表达CK、p63、S-100、SMA等。结论肺原发唾液腺肿瘤非常罕见,诊断需综合临床资料、病理学形态及免疫表型。     

唾液腺黏液表皮样癌磁共振成像表现

目的分析唾液腺黏液表皮样癌磁共振成像(MRI)特征,提高对黏液表皮样癌(MEC)的认识。方法回顾性分析经我院手术病理证实的20例唾液腺黏液表皮样癌患者的MRI表现,重点观察T2压脂上信号强度及囊变情况,并与组织病理特征对照分析。结果高级别MEC 2例,T2WI及T2压脂上均呈不均匀低-中信号,无囊变;中等级MEC 12例,T2WI及T2压脂上均呈不均匀中-高信号,11例(91. 7%)有囊变,1例(8. 3%)无囊变;低级别MEC 6例,T2WI及T2压脂上均呈不均匀中-高信号,6例(100%)均有囊变,其中1例(16. 7%)合并淋巴结转移; T1WI上20例MEC均表现低信号,增强扫描显示18例肿瘤内部实性成分呈较明显强化; 16例边界不清楚,4例边界清楚。结论唾液腺黏液表皮样癌MRI表现具有一定特征性,MRI表现能反映肿瘤组织病理学性质,可为临床诊断及治疗提供帮助。     

涎腺癌组织中EGFR和HER-2表达及临床意义

目的 探讨黏液表皮样癌、腺样囊性癌和腺泡细胞癌中EGFR和HER-2基因/蛋白表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测80例涎腺癌(黏液表皮样癌30例、腺样囊性癌30例、腺泡细胞癌20例)和30例良性多形性腺瘤中EGFR和HER-2蛋白表达;采用荧光原位杂交技术检测涎腺癌中EGFR和HER-2基因扩增.结果 (1)涎腺癌中EGFR和HER-2蛋白阳性率分别为71.25％和32.5％,高于良性多形性腺瘤组(P均＜0.05),其中以黏液表皮样癌中EGFR和HER-2蛋白阳性率最高,EGFR蛋白的表达强度最高(P均＜0.05).(2)EGFR和HER-2蛋白表达与涎腺癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤分化程度、组织学亚型无关(P均＞0.05);涎腺癌中EGFR和HER-2蛋白表达无相关性(rs =0.166,P＞0.05).(3)涎腺癌中EGFR基因高多体扩增的总阳性率为18.75％ (15/80),其中黏液表皮样癌13例,腺样囊性癌2例,阳性率分别为43.3％和6.7％,相应蛋白表达强度均为(++)或(+++),表达强度和基因扩增之间呈明显正相关(rs =0.491,P＜0.01);涎腺癌中未检测到HER-2基因扩增及17号染色体多体.(4)EGFR蛋白(++/+++)组和基因扩增组患者的生存时间比蛋白(-/+)组和无基因扩增组均明显缩短(P均＜0.05).结论 黏液表皮样癌高频率、高强度表达EGFR,并发生高多体基因扩增,可作为其分子靶向治疗的靶点.黏液表皮样癌、腺样囊性癌和腺泡细胞癌中HER-2蛋白弱表达,未检测到基因扩增.     

血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤6例临床病理分析

目的 探讨血管瘤样纤维组织细胞瘤(angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma,AnFH)临床病理特征与鉴别诊断.方法 采用免疫组化SP法对6例AnFH进行染色,并复习相关文献.结果 6例AnFH中女性4例,男性2例;年龄7～60岁,中位年龄23.5岁;病变位于下肢4例,上肢1例,背部1例.肿瘤直径0.8～3.5 cm,切面灰白色、灰红棕色,5例见小囊腔,囊内含血性,呈血肿样或血管瘤样.镜下见细胞样细胞和肌样细胞呈结节状增生,瘤细胞大小相对一致,核椭圆,空泡状,分化好;假血管瘤样腔隙,囊腔内充满红细胞,但囊壁缺乏血管内皮细胞;瘤结外围被致密纤维组织包绕,伴淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润,偶见具有生发中心的淋巴滤泡形成.免疫表型:vimentin阳性,5例desmin、CD99和CD68阳性,2例EMA阳性,而CK、S-100蛋白、CD34、Myogenin、HMB-45、CD21、CD23和CD35均阴性.4例随访6个月～4年,仅1例复发,未发生转移,患者均健在.结论 AnFH为较少见的低度恶性肿瘤,多见于儿童和青少年.病理诊断时若形态缺乏扩张的假血管样腔隙时易与其他肿瘤混淆,如动脉瘤性纤维组织细胞瘤、未分化多形性肉瘤、淋巴结转移性癌、滤泡树突状细胞肉瘤等.熟悉其形态特征,对避免误诊为其它类似病变具有重要的意义.     

伴皮脂腺分化的腺样囊性癌和鳞癌构成的食管碰撞瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨伴皮脂腺分化的腺样囊性癌和鳞癌构成的食管碰撞瘤的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析1例伴皮脂腺分化的腺样囊性癌和鳞癌构成的发生在食管的碰撞瘤,分析其临床表现、组织病理学特征和免疫表型,并复习相关文献。结果胃镜下见距门齿34～37cm处食管见一隆起型灰黄色肿物,组织学表现为双原发肿瘤,糜烂区为中分化鳞癌,浸润黏膜下层,周围可见鳞状上皮不典型增生;隆起型灰黄色肿物主要由3种不同组织构型区域融合构成。免疫表型:未分化基底样细胞CK8/18、CAM5. 2、p63、p40、GATA-3、S-100均(+),CK5/6、CK7均灶(+),AR、GCDFP-15、SMA均(-);腺样囊性癌样区域:腺上皮CK8/18、CAM5. 2、CK7均(+),基底细胞p63、p40、CK5/6、S-100、CD117均(+),SMA、AR、GCDFP-15、GATA-3均(-);皮脂腺分化区域:CK5/6、p40、GATA-3、EMA均(+),SMA灶(+); AR、GCDFP-15、vimentin、CD117、CD15均(-);鳞癌区域:p40、p63、CK5/6均(+)。随访56个月,患者无复发及转移。结论伴皮脂腺分化的腺样囊性癌和鳞癌构成的食管碰撞瘤临床罕见,需与基底细胞样鳞癌、黏液表皮样癌、腺鳞癌及MuiR-Torre综合征鉴别。     

Hematopoietic cell surface markers on metastatic small cell carcinoma detected with monoclonal antibodies

Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, cells from lymph node biopsies have been examined in three patients with small cell carcinoma presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. Two patients had small (oat) cell carcinoma of the lung; in the third patient, a primary tumor was not found. Two lymph node biopsies showed typical small (oat) cell carcinoma, and one was an intermediate cell variant; in the last, lung biopsy showed small (oat) cell carcinoma. Electron microscopy demonstrated desmosomes in all three tumors. In each case, lymph node cell suspensions were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to antigens usually associated with lymphoid or myeloid cells. In two of the three cases malignant cells were positive with the lymphoid marker BA-2; in two cases malignant cells were positive with OK1a1, a marker for the Ia-like antigen (HLA-DR); and in one case malignant cells were positive with My-1. Caution is needed in the interpretation of cell surface marker studies in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.     

The probable origin of an anemone cell tumor: metastatic transitional cell carcinoma producing HCG

A neoplasm of unknown origin in cervical and axillary lymph nodes was diagnosed as anemone cell tumor by ultrastructural examination. Three years after the initial diagnosis of anemone cell tumor, a high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was discovered. The results of immunoperoxidase staining of the cervical lymph node, axillary lymph node, and bladder tumors for keratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) strongly suggest that the anemone cell tumors in this case represent metastases of bladder carcinoma cells capable of producing HCG.     

Thyroid sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia: mimic of Hodgkin disease in nodal metastases

We present the clinical and pathologic findings of a case of sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia of the thyroid in a 39-year-old woman. This particular case is notable because it initially presented as a cervical lymph node metastasis, and the initial clinical and histologic impression was Hodgkin disease, nodular sclerosis type. Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia is a differentiated malignant neoplasm of the thyroid that can be confused with anaplastic carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or, as in this case, Hodgkin disease. A correct diagnosis of sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia involves awareness of this entity and appropriate immunohistochemical analysis. In this article, we briefly review the literature and stress the histologic and cytologic findings characteristic of sclerosing mucoepidermoid with eosinophilia of the thyroid.     

Inhibition of cervical lymph node metastasis by marimastat (BB-2516) in an orthotopic oral squamous cell carcinoma implantation model

Activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is a common event in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. An OSC-19 cell line, derived from human oral squamous cell carcinoma and known to metastasize to cervical lymph nodes, was implanted into the lingual margin of mice. The effect of marimastat (BB-2516), a broad MMP inhibitor, on the suppression of regional cervical lymph node metastasis was evaluated with an orthotopic implantation nude mice model. Marimastat was given immediately after OSC-19 implantation and continuously administered by an osmotic pump. The mice were divided into three groups by marimastat dose; Group A; 0 mg/kg/day, Group B; 30 mg/kg/day, and Group C; 150 mg/kg/day. Twenty-one days after implantation, primary oral tumors and cervical lymph nodes were resected. Cervical lymph node status was microscopically examined. Activation of MMP-2 in primary oral tumor was examined by gelatin zymography. Both cervical lymph node metastasis and activation of MMP-2 were significantly suppressed in Group C (P<0.05). Moreover, the Group C mice had a significantly better survival than group A (P=0.0026). There was a significant difference between Group A and Group C in terms of proliferation of tumor cells by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining (P=0.0120). These results suggest a positive role for marimastat in the inhibition of MMP-2 activation and prevention of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Improvement of survival in patients with OSCC could be expected using adjuvant therapy with marimastat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: a study of 69 cases with special attention to histologic grading

Sixty-nine cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma with a minimum of five years follow-up are presented. Major salivary glands were involved in 46 cases (44 parotid, two submandibular), and intraoral minor glands in 23. The tumor was considered histologically high grade (20 cases) when 90% or more of its area was made up of tumor cells and 10% or less of intracystic space and low grade (49 cases) when this ratio was lower. The proportion of cell types was not considered in grading: although intermediate, epidermoid, and clear cells usually predominated in high-grade tumors, several such examples contained numerous mucous cells. Grade was highly significant prognostically; all but 2 of the 14 deaths due to tumor and all six instances of distant metastasis occurred in cases with high-grade tumors. High histologic grade also was associated with an increased incidence of local recurrence (particularly recurrence not subsequently controlled) and cervical lymph node metastasis; in the case of recurrence this was due in part to the fact that inadequate surgical margins were more common with high-grade tumors. Tumors measuring less than 2.5 cm were rarely fatal regardless of grade, there being only two such deaths (one high grade, one low grade). Nuclear anisochromia and pleomorphism of more than slight degree, frequent mitoses, and tumor necrosis of more than focal extent were found to be untypical of mucoepidermoid carcinoma regardless of grade; these findings should occasion consideration of other diagnoses such as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with a solid growth pattern and adenosquamous carcinoma.     

Ezrin、MMP-2及TIMP-2在子宫颈癌中的表达与侵袭转移的关系

目的 通过观察埃兹蛋白(Ezrin)、金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)及金属蛋白细胞组织抑制因子-2(TIMP-2)蛋白水平在子宫颈癌组织中的表达情况,探讨它们与子宫颈癌侵袭转移的关系. 方法 采用免疫组织化学方法对40例子宫颈鳞癌,20例腺癌,29例子宫颈上皮内瘤样病变和16例正常子宫颈组织进行标记及分析. 结果 Ezrin、MMP-2及TIMP-2蛋白主要表达在子宫颈鳞癌、腺癌、上皮内瘤变的异型细胞质内,各实验组中的表达量与正常组比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).Ezrin和MMP-2蛋白在有淋巴结转移组中的表达量较无淋巴结转移组明显高(P<0.01), 而TIMP-2蛋白水平的表达结果却相反.同时发现Ezrin、MMP-2及TIMP-2蛋白水平在宫颈病变组织表达有正相关性. 结论 Ezrin、MMP-2及TIMP-2 蛋白在子宫颈鳞癌、腺癌的表达量较对照组高. Ezrin和MMP-2在有淋巴结转移的子宫颈癌中高表达,而TIMP-2为低表达,提示它们在子宫颈癌的侵袭转移中起重要的作用.Ezrin、MMP-2及TIMP-2蛋白水平在宫颈病变组织表达有正相关性,这三者在子宫颈癌的侵袭转移中可能起协同作用.     

Cervical adenocarcinoma with stromal micropapillary pattern

Adenocarcinoma with a stromal micropapillary pattern (SMP) has been described in various organs, but not in the uterus. We encountered a case of uterine cervical carcinoma with SMP. A54‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to the hospital with abnormal vaginal bleeding. The cervical cytodiagnosis was adenocarcinoma with features resembling serous adenocarcinoma. Cervical cytology showed many small clusters of tumor cells, present in up to two or three layers, composed of atypical cells with markedly increased nucleus: cytoplasm ratios. A radical hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was composed predominantly of adenocarcinoma with SMP. The outer surface of the SMP cell clusters showed membranous expression of mucin‐1 (MUC‐1). Many lymph node metastases were detected. The tumor was diagnosed as a cervical adenocarcinoma with SMP and coexistent squamous cell carcinoma in situ. The pathology was classified as T1b1N1M1, stage IVB. The patient underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and is without local recurrence or distant metastasis 48 months after the operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cervical adenocarcinoma with SMP. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:133–136. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Composite follicular variant of papillary carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of thyroid gland: a case report

A 50-yr-old male presented a thyroid mass with dysphasia and hoarseness. He underwent total thyroidectomy and neck node dissection. Pathologically, the tumor had two distinct tumor components with intermingled areas: follicular variant of papillary carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma composed of columnar cells, mucocytes, and squamoid cells showing solid and cystic lesion. Several small cysts lined by benign ciliated columnar epithelia suggesting that this tumor had originated from solid cell nest were seen around the tumor. By immunohistochemistry, columnar cells and squamoid cells in mucoepidermoid carcinoma were positive for cytokeratin but negative for thyroglobulin, TTF-1 and calcitonin. Positivity of p63 was seen in squamoid cells and basal cells of cysts. Some mucocytes are CEA positive. Tumor cells of papillary carcinoma are positive for TTF-1, thyroglobulin but negative for CEA, calcitonin and p63.     

血清鳞状细胞癌抗原对宫颈鳞癌淋巴结转移的预测价值

目的 研究鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)对宫颈鳞癌患者相关的临床病理特征分析以及对淋巴结转移的预测价值.方法 选择133例宫颈鳞癌患者作为研究对象,82例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者作为对照.化学发光微粒子免疫分析法检测SCC-Ag水平,并对其进行统计学分析.采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,进一步分析血清SCC-Ag对宫颈鳞癌淋巴结转移的预测意义.结果 淋巴结转移组血清SCC-Ag中值明显高于淋巴结未转移组和CIN组(P ＜0.001),SCC-Ag水平与肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径大小呈显著相关(P＜0.001).血清SCC-Ag水平预测淋巴结转移的ROC曲线下面积为0.775.当临界值取3.4ng/mL时,约登指数最大,灵敏度和特异性分别为62.5％和81.2％.结论 作为鳞癌较为特异的肿瘤标志物,血清SCC-Ag与宫颈癌分期、肿瘤直径大小显著相关,并且可以初步预测宫颈癌淋巴结转移的情况.