超临界CO2萃取温郁金和温莪术药材挥发油及其成分分析比较

目的:采用超临界流体萃取技术分别提取温郁金和温莪术的挥发油,并用 GC-MS 对挥发油进行化学成分分析对比。方法:用正交实验法确定超临界 CO_2流体萃取温郁金和温莪术挥发油的最佳条件,考察萃取压力、温度、动态萃取时间及 CO_2流量对挥发油收率的影响;利用 GC-MS 分析最佳萃取条件下所得挥发油的化学成分,面积归一化法测定其百分含量,并对两者挥发油的的化学成分进行对比。结果:温郁金超临界 CO_2萃取最佳条件为:萃取压力30 MPa,温度50℃,萃取时间1 h,CO_2流量5 L·min~(-1);挥发油的得率0.62%,从中鉴定出了21个化合物,其含量占出峰物质总量的96.83%。温莪术超临界CO_2萃取最佳条件为:萃取压力24 MPa,温度60℃,萃取时间2 h,CO_2流量15 L·min~(-1);挥发油的得率4.46%,从中鉴定出了22个化合物,其含量占出峰物质总量的74.63%。结论:温郁金和温莪术挥发油中富含酮、环氧化合物、萜类化合物、酯等组分,两者主要成分相同,但各有特殊成分。     

均匀设计法优选莪术挥发油提取工艺的研究

目的优选莪术挥发油的超临界CO2提取工艺条件。方法以莪术挥发油提取率为指标,采用均匀设计法,考察萃取压力、萃取时间、解析压力和解析温度对提取率的影响。结果优选提取工艺最佳条件为:萃取压力23.5MPa,萃取温度45℃,解析压力7.5 MPa,解析温度50℃。结论本萃取工艺条件简便、效率高。     

提取技术对温莪术挥发油化学成分及其体外抗肿瘤活性的影响

采用超临界CO2流体萃取(SFC)和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取温莪术挥发油，通过GC-MS分析比较了提取物的化学成分及其相对含量，并研究了其对肺腺癌细胞SPC-A-1的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果表明，SFC法温莪术挥发油中主要抗肿瘤活性物质莪术二酮、异莪术醇明显高于SD法；SFC法温莪术挥发油具有显著的抗肿瘤活性，在浓度为62．5μg/ml时，抑制率可达62．57％，而SD法温莪术挥发油在高浓度下才表现出较弱的抗肿瘤活性，当浓度为500μg/ml时，其抑制率仅为25．79％。     

陈皮挥发油超临界CO2萃取工艺的研究

目的:研究超临界CO2萃取陈皮挥发油的最佳萃取工艺条件。方法:采用正交实验法,应用超临界CO2萃取法提取陈皮中的挥发油成分。结果:在提取条件A2B1C3(即20M Pa,35℃,过50目)时陈皮挥发油的萃取率最高,为2.04%。结论:应用超临界CO2萃取陈皮挥发油,提取率高,稳定性强,且操作纯净、安全又保持生物活性,色味纯正,是具有相当发展潜力的提取分离方法。     

GC-MS法比较温莪术挥发油与水煎液中的挥发性成分

目的利用GC-MS法比较温莪术传统水煎液与挥发油所含挥发性成分的差别,初步探讨水煎剂中的主要化学成分,为温莪术水煎剂临床疗效物质基础研究积累数据,为温莪术挥发油及其制剂的临床用药给予指导。方法采用GC-MS法对温莪术挥发油和水煎液的乙酸乙酯萃取物化学成分进行分析,通过标准谱库检索结合文献分析,确定温莪术挥发油与水煎液乙酸乙酯萃取物中所含的主要挥发性成分,并对二者所含化学成分进行比较。结果从温莪术挥发油中指认出49种化学成分,从温莪术水煎液乙酸乙酯萃取物中指认出28种化学成分,其中仅有莪术二酮(curdi-one)、斯巴醇(spathulenol)和deoxysericealactone等3种成分为二者共有成分。结论温莪术挥发油与水煎液所含挥发性成分存在显著差别,温莪术水煎液的有效成分需进一步研究。     

湖南引种温莪术挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的对比湖南引种温莪术与浙江产温莪术挥发油的化学成分。方法运用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法结合计算机检索对浙江、湖南产温莪术挥发油的化学成分进行分析和鉴定,用气相色谱面积归一法计算各组分的相对百分含量。结果湖南引种温莪术与浙江产温莪术的挥发油含量分别为3.4%(m L·g-1)、3.1%(m L·g-1),均符合中国药典2010年版一部质量标准;浙江温莪术中共分离得到33个色谱峰,相对含量>2%的有9种,占总含量的89.92%;湖南引种温莪术中共分离得到34个色谱峰,相对含量>2%的有10种,占总含量的86.80%。结论湖南引种温莪术挥发油含量符合药典质量标准。     

超临界CO2萃取三七中挥发油及皂苷的工艺研究

目的研究超临界CO2萃取三七中挥发油和皂苷的工艺。方法通过考察萃取压力、温度、萃取时间、CO2流量、夹带剂对萃取率的影响,确定三七中挥发油和皂苷的较佳萃取条件,采用薄层色谱法（TLC）鉴别挥发油和皂苷成分。结果萃取三七中挥发油较佳条件为：萃取压力30MPa,温度45℃;解析釜I压力为9MPa,温度40℃;解析釜II压力为6MPa,温度35℃;萃取时间2．5h;CO2流量为25kg·h^-1。皂苷的较佳萃取条件为：萃取压力35MPa,温度55℃;解析釜I压力为8MPa,温度45℃;解析釜II压力为5MPa,温度40℃;萃取时间4h;95％乙醇作夹带剂;CO2流量为25kg·h^-1。挥发油中含有人参炔醇,皂苷中含有总皂苷成分。结论超临界CO2萃取挥发油收率高,时间短。加入95％乙醇作夹带剂,升高压力和温度,能萃取出皂苷类成分。     

超临界CO2萃取满山红挥发油

目的:确定超临界CO2萃取满山红挥发油的最佳实验条件。方法:采用正交实验确定超临界CO2萃取满山红挥发油的最佳实验条件。结果:超临界CO2萃取满山红挥发油的最佳实验条件为:萃取压力25M Pa,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2.5h,萃取率3.82%,水蒸汽蒸馏提取得率0.24%。结论:超临界CO2萃取法优于传统的水蒸气蒸馏法。     

超临界CO2萃取棘茎楤木根皮挥发油的实验研究

目的探讨超临界CO2萃取棘茎楤木根皮挥发油的最佳条件.方法采用正交试验,考察萃取温度、压力、CO2流量等因素在不同水平下对棘茎楤木根皮挥发油萃取率的影响.结果萃取压力20 MPa,温度45℃,CO2流量40 kg·h-1和萃取时间80 min,萃取率为4.48 %.结论超临界CO2萃取的萃取率高,萃取时间短.     

超临界CO_2萃取紫苏叶挥发油及其成分分析

目的:采用超临界流体萃取技术提取紫苏叶挥发油,并用GC-MS对挥发油进行化学成分分析。方法:通过单因素实验和正交实验法确定超临界CO2流体萃取紫苏叶挥发油的最佳条件,考察萃取压力、温度、动态萃取时间及CO2流量对挥发油得率的影响;利用GC-MS分析最佳萃取条件下所得挥发油的化学成分,面积归一化法测定其百分含量。结果:紫苏叶超临界CO2萃取最佳条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,温度35℃,萃取时间150 min,CO2流量10 kg.h-1;挥发油的得率3.2%,从中鉴定出了16个化合物,其含量占出峰物质总量的97.68%。结论:紫苏叶挥发油中富含醚、萜类化合物、酯、酮和醇等组分。     

Therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract in the management of human diseases

IntroductionPapaya (Carica papaya Linn.) belongs to the family Caricaceae and is well known for its therapeutic and nutritional properties all over the world. The different parts of the papaya plant have been used since ancient times for its therapeutic applications. Herein, we aimed to review the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antiviral activities of papaya leaf.MethodsAll information presented in this review article regarding the therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf extract has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases, including Scopus, Google scholar, Web of science, and PubMed. The keywords Carica papaya, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and phytochemicals were explored until December 2019.ResultsThe papaya plant, including fruit, leaf, seed, bark, latex, and their ingredients play a major role in the management of disease progression. Carica papaya leaf contains active components such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids, which are responsible for its medicinal activity. Additionally, the leaf juice of papaya increases the platelet counts in people suffering from dengue fever.ConclusionThe major findings revealed that papaya leaf extract has strong medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, hypoglycaemic and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, clinical trials are needed to explore the medicative potential of papaya leaf. Graphical abstractOpen in a separate windowGraphical abstract showing the medicinal properties of Carica papaya leaf     

环丙沙星治疗急性细菌性痢疾29例临床疗效观察

食源性急性菌例２９例中２８例大便培养为弗氏２ａ志贺氏菌。经２天吡哌酸加ＴＭＰ短程快速治疗，２９例无一例治愈。依据药敏试验改用环丙沙星治疗，其中１１例感染严重者先予静脉点滴，每１２小时２００ｍｇ，１￣２天，症状好转即改口服，每１２小时２５０ｍｇ。另１８例口服，疗程均为４天。用药后，平均退热时间１．３２天，大便次数恢复正常时间平均２．１０天，大便常规正常时间平均２．８６天，２８例大便培养阳性者，平均阴     

自由基对爪蟾卵母细胞表达的大白鼠脑皮层谷氨酸受体和5－羟色胺受体的作用

采用爪蟾卵母细胞和黄嘌呤氧化酶一次黄嘌呤反应系统研究了自由基对大白鼠脑皮层谷氨酸受体和５－羟色胺受体的作用。自由基抑制谷氨酸和５－羟色胺引起的去极化反应，但不影响膜的被动电学参数。自由基对受体的作用表现为去极化幅度下降及半衰退时间缩短；去极化的潜伏期和上升时间延长（Ｐ＜０．００１或Ｐ＜００１），说明白由基作用于移植到卵母细胞膜上的受体，抑制了谷氨酸和５－羟色胺引起的去极化反应。提示在本实验条件下，神经递质受体自由基作用的敏感性高于卵母细胞的质膜。此标本适于研究自由基对神经递质受体的作用。     

Effects of steroids on beta-adrenergic binding sites in sheep pineal glands

As an initial step in investigations of putative differences between central nervous system light-sensitive mechanisms in seasonally shedding and non-shedding breeds of sheep, some beta-adrenoceptor characteristics of Merino sheep pineal glands were determined, using [3H]dihydroalprenolol as the labelled ligand. Overall, a dissociation constant of 17.2 +/- 2.6 nmoles/l and a daytime beta-receptor density of 1.6 +/- 0.3 pmoles/mg were determined at 37 degrees. The binding sites exhibited stereospecificity, saturability and apparent homogeneity. 17 beta-Estradiol and progesterone implants that provided hormone concentrations in the physiological range had no significant effect on pineal beta-receptors in male sheep castrated shortly after birth. Dexamethasone injections, on the other hand, in doses sufficient to loosen the attachment of wool fibres to the skin, resulted in decreased pineal beta-receptor density and increased receptor affinity for dihydroalprenolol. This effect was apparently not mediated by altered plasma catecholamine concentrations, since the glucocorticoid treatment did not affect jugular venous noradrenaline, adrenaline or dopamine levels. The possible involvement of glucocorticoids in the regulation of wool growth could thus have a central neuronal component, medicated via action on pineal beta-adrenoceptors in sheep; however, the existence of the putative gonadal steroid feedback on beta-adrenoceptor-mediated pineal function remains to be demonstrated in this species.     

Changes in tissue cyclic AMP concentrations following an intravenous lethal dose of cholera enterotoxin in rabbits

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a generalized increase in tissue cAMP concentrations after an i.v. injection of cholera enterotoxin may play a role in the development of biochemical and pathological changes leading to death. Dutch rabbits were injected i.v. with highly purified cholera enterotoxin at a dose of 100 or 200 μg/kg. When death appeared imminent (20–30 hr after inoculation), rabbits were anesthetized; plasma, urine, and 13 different tissue samples were obtained for cAMP determinations. Enterotoxin (200 μg/kg) produced significant increases in cAMP concentrations in lung, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, renal cortex, renal medulla and liver, whereas a lower dose (100 μg/kg) had no effect on cAMP levels in any tissue. The elevation of cAMP values in selected tissues suggests differences in tissue sensitivity to cholera enterotoxin; the data fail to support in toto the proposed hypothesis.     

天麻3个不同变型遗传关系的SRAP分析

目的 从分子水平上分析对比天麻的3个不同变型,探索其种内变异,为资源保护和良种选育奠定基础.方法 采用SRAP分子标记分析天麻3个不同变型的遗传关系.结果 筛选出7对SRAP引物,用PCR扩增11批天麻样品,得到145条清晰的带,其中110条具有多态性,多态百分率为75.86％;通过Nei&Li遗传相似系数(GS)计算,11批天麻的种质两两间的相似系数分布在0.36 ～ 0.93;UPGMA聚类分析将乌天麻聚为一类,红天麻与绿天麻聚为一类.结论 天麻的3个不同变型中,绿天麻和红天麻的亲缘关系较近,而乌天麻与前两者的遗传差异较大,亲缘关系较远.     

白茅根化学及药理研究进展

白茅根为中医传统常用中药，用作利尿和抗炎剂．本文对白茅根的化学和药理研究进展进行了综述，包括晚近自该中药中分得一些重要的化学成分如三萜类化合物、内酯、甾醇及有机酸等，以及有关其止血、利尿、抗菌和抗肝炎等活性研究．     

地枫皮,假地枫皮,大八角3种植物挥发油化学成分对比分析

本文用毛细管气相色谱、气相色谱／质谱／计算机等现代仪器分析技术，对地以、假地枫皮，大八角３种植物以挥发油化学成分进行了对比分析研究，用毛细管色谱从这３种植物挥发油中各分离出８０多个以上的组分，共确认了其中的４５种成分，所鉴定的 分均占各挥发油色谱总馏出锋面积的８０％以上。研究结果表明，这３种植物挥发油存在着较大的差异。     

Co-operativity in the cyclic model for drug-receptor interaction

The cyclic model for drug-receptor interaction predicts a hyperbolic relationship between response and concentration provided that the drug equilibrates instantaneously with the receptors. It is shown theoretically that if equilibration is not very much faster than desensitization and recovery, the response-concentration relationship appears to exhibit negative co-operativity. On the other hand, if the drug also diffuses relatively slowly to the receptors the relationship may appear to exhibit positive co-operativity.