背部供皮区在大面积皮肤缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨以背部为供皮区修复大面积皮肤缺损的优点。方法对功能部位深度烧伤后期瘢痕整形、巨大体表肿瘤切除及其他原因造成的大面积皮肤缺损的50例患者,根据缺损的部位和大小,用鼓式取皮机在背部切取相应的中厚皮片,移植修复缺损。结果患者术后随访1～2年,所有移植皮片均成活,受区功能和外观恢复均较好;同时,背部供皮区愈合良好,无瘢痕增生或仅轻微增生。结论以背部为供皮区修复大面积皮肤缺损,是理想的术式选择,术后供皮区和修复部位均获得较理想的功能和美容效果。     

背部供皮区修复大面积皮肤缺损

目的探讨应用背部供皮区修复大面积皮肤缺损的优点。方法对Ⅲ°烧伤、巨大体表肿瘤切除、四肢皮肤撕脱伤及其他原因造成的大面积皮肤缺损的40例患者,根据缺损的部位和大小,用鼓式取皮机在患者背部切取相应的中厚皮片,移植修复缺损。结果术后随访患者1年,所有移植皮片均成活。背部供皮区愈合良好,瘢痕增生轻微,不影响外观。结论于背部取皮其供皮面积大、部位隐蔽,且背部真皮层较厚,取皮后愈合快,愈合后患者能自行平卧加压,避免瘢痕增生。是较理想的修复大面积皮肤缺损的手术方法。     

背部供皮区修复大面积皮肤缺损

目的 探讨应用背部供皮区修复大面积皮肤缺损的优点.方法 对Ⅲ°烧伤、巨大体表肿瘤切除、四肢皮肤撕脱伤及其他原因造成的大面积皮肤缺损的40例患者,根据缺损的部位和大小,用鼓式取皮机在患者背部切取相应的中厚皮片,移植修复缺损.结果 术后随访患者1年,所有移植皮片均成活.背部供皮区愈合良好,瘢痕增生轻微,不影响外观.结论 于背部取皮其供皮面积大、部位隐蔽,且背部真皮层较厚,取皮后愈合快,愈合后患者能自行平卧加压,避免瘢痕增生.是较理想的修复大面积皮肤缺损的手术方法.     

组织工程化表皮膜片移植中厚皮供区预防瘢痕增生30例

整形、烧伤外科修复面颈部及功能部位皮肤缺损，广泛使用方法是切取大张中厚皮片移植。中厚皮供区常规治疗方法愈合后遗留增生性癞痕。我科自2003年以来采用组织工程化表皮膜片移植中厚皮供区创面30例，该法在促进创面愈合及抑制瘢痕增生方面取得了显著疗效，报道如下。     

脱细胞异体真皮基质支架网加自体刃厚皮对32例切削痂创面应用体会

目的探讨解决大面积深度烧伤创面修复时自体全厚皮皮源不足,及中厚皮术后有较重回缩,供皮区再次遗留瘢痕等临床问题。方法对32例大中面积深度烧伤患者和肉芽创面患者采用切痂,削痂及肉芽创面以手术刀切除肉芽组织和纤维板后,做脱细胞异体真皮支架网加自体刃厚皮联合移植。结果切痂创面15例,术后皮片全部愈合。削痂创面6例,其中1例术后第5天溶解,余5例全部愈合。烧伤肉芽创面11例,皮片成活良好全部愈合。经术后1~6年随访,患者受皮区外观平整。色泽较深,柔软,弹性好,无瘢痕增生。供皮区愈合良好,未见瘢痕增生。结论脱细胞异体真皮基质支架网加自体刃厚皮对烧伤创面起到全厚皮作用,减少创面收缩,还能抑制肉芽组织过度增生和瘢痕形成,是一种较为理想的真皮替代物。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

以头皮为供区的大张中厚皮片在创面修复中的应用

目的探讨应用头皮作为供区的大张中厚皮片修复创面的疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2016年1月,应用头皮中厚皮片修复的整形或烧伤创面患者27例。所有创面均分布于四肢和躯干。创面面积约(5 cm×9 cm)~(17 cm×21 cm)。皮片厚度0.30~0.4 mm。结果所有移植皮片绝大部分成活,皮片成活后1~3个月出现挛缩,6~12个月皮片舒展变平,外观良好。头皮供区10~14 d愈合,毛发生长正常,无瘢痕形成。结论以头皮为供区的大张中厚皮片移植,是创面修复的良好选择,可避免供皮区永久损伤,值得推广应用。     

自体刃厚头皮片移植厚中厚皮片供区以抑制瘢痕增生

目的:探讨应用自体刃厚头皮片移植厚中厚皮片供区以抑制瘢痕增生的可行性及应用效果。方法:烧伤后全身大范围的增生性瘢痕患者24例,行功能部位的增生性瘢痕切除,应用非功能部位的大张厚中厚皮片修复,厚中厚皮片供区应用刃厚头皮片移植修复。结果:24例患者非功能部位厚中厚皮片供区经刃厚头皮片移植后,未见有明显的瘢痕增生。经随访半年至2年11例,2年以上3例,均未见有明显的瘢痕增生。头皮片供区无瘢痕形成,头发生长良好。结论:应用自体刃厚头皮片移植厚中厚皮片供区抑制瘢痕增生是一种可行的方法,值得临床推广。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体微粒皮复合移植治疗深度烧伤愈合后皮肤质量观察

目的：为大面积深度烧伤创面修复选择良好的覆盖材料,以解决自体中厚皮源不足的难题;提高创面愈合质量。方法：对16例大面积烧伤患者切削痂后分二组植皮,实验组：采用脱细胞异体真皮基质和自体微粒皮复合移植（简称复合皮移植）,对照组：单纯用微粒皮移植,并用温哥华瘢痕评量表定期随访观察创面近、远期效果。结果：术后1个月,实验组与对照组创面愈合的外观、质地、耐磨性、关节的功能及温哥华评分无明显差异。术后6个月,12个月,实验组创面愈合后的外观、质地、耐磨性、关节功能及温哥华瘢痕评分明显优于对照组。结论：对大面积深度烧伤患者行复合皮移植,可减轻瘢痕增生,改善创面外观及关节功能,可达到中厚皮移植的效果。     

A hidden donor site for resurfacing finger tip defects: the 'ring graft'.

Skin defects on the finger tip, are commonly treated with skin grafts or flaps. Hidden areas are usually preferred as donor sites.In this study, skin over the dorsal aspect of the base of the injured finger or another finger in the same area is used as a donor site. Since the donor area can be hidden beneath a ring, it was named as the 'ring graft'. The skin elasticity over this area, allows a fairly large graft. This method was performed in defects of 27 patients involving 32 fingers. Donor sites were closed primarily without any tension.Results on follow-ups of the patients were satisfactory concerning colour and texture match of the graft. We recommend the 'ring graft' as a hidden alternative donor site for resurfacing of a finger in selected cases.     

The dermis graft: another autologous option for acute burn wound coverage

BackgroundSplit-thickness skin autografts are the gold-standard in providing permanent acute wound closure in major burns. Split-thickness dermal grafts harvested from the same donor site may provide an additional autologous option for permanent acute coverage and increase the number of potential autologous donor sites.Materials and methodsWe performed 16 dermis grafts (DG) harvested from the skin of the back in 9 consecutive burn patients. A control donor site consisted of an area of adjacent back skin from which a standard split-thickness skin graft was harvested. The mean age was 63 years (range 23–79 years). The mean initial burn size was 24% TBSA (range 2–40% TBSA). The size of the 16 DG recipient wound beds ranged from 20 to 180 cm², with mean and median sizes of 62 and 45 cm², respectively.ResultsDermis graft take was complete in 15/16 cases. All grafts recorded >90% epithelialisation by 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in dermis graft and control donor site healing times (p value 0.05).ConclusionDermis grafts can provide an additional autologous option for permanent coverage in acute major burn wounds without increasing donor site size or morbidity.     

Evaluation of a combined calcium sodium alginate and bio-occlusive membrane dressing in the management of split-thickness skin graft donor sites

The optimal treatment of the split-thickness skin graft (STSG) donor site remains an unresolved issue. This study was conducted to evaluate the combined use of calcium sodium alginate and a bio-occlusive membrane dressing in the management of STSG donor sites. This study was a prospective evaluation of all patients requiring an STSG over a 6-month period ending October 1998. There were 57 patients with a mean age of 61 years. All skin grafts were harvested with an electric dermatome from the anterior thigh and were 0.012 to 0.016 inches thick. Donor sites were dressed with calcium sodium alginate followed by a bio-occlusive dressing. Postoperatively, the skin graft donor site dressing was removed and replaced. The mean skin graft area was 114 cm2. The first dressing change occurred, on average, 3 days postoperatively. All dressings were taken down and the wounds reevaluated 7 days postoperatively. Fifty-two patients (91%) had achieved complete reepithelialization by this time. Five patients (9%) required an additional dressing. All wounds were healed completely by postoperative day 10. Donor site discomfort was minimal and limited to the time of dressing change. There were no wound-related complications. The average cost of dressing supplies was $48.00 per patient and $23.00 per dressing. This method of managing STSG donor sites allowed for unimpeded reepithelialization without wound complication. The bio-occlusive dressing eliminated the pain typically associated with fine mesh gauze dressings. The absorptive property of the calcium sodium alginate eliminated the problem of seroma formation and leakage seen routinely with the use of a bio-occlusive dressing alone. These results confirm that this technique is both efficacious and cost-effective.     

Clinical application of split skin graft from scar tissue for plastic reconstruction in post-extensive burn patients

We evaluated the use of autologous split-thickness skin taken from scars on the backs of patients with extensive burns, without sufficient normal donor skin. Between 1998 and 2008, a total of 15 patients underwent 47 operations using split-thickness skin grafts from scar tissue. Split-thickness skin was harvested from scars on the patient's back. In each operation, two thirds of donor skin was used at the recipient site and the remaining part was used to cover the donor site. All skin grafts survived. The skin function and appearance at the reconstruction site was improved in all cases, and reconstruction had therapeutic effects similar to those achieved by graft procedures using normal autologous split skin. Moreover, 6 months later, the skin graft procedure could be repeated at the donor site. Therefore, we concluded that split-thickness skin from scars on patients' backs is a valuable source of skin graft material that can be used repeatedly for plastic reconstruction in extensively burned patients.     

Using the sac membrane to close the flap donor site in large meningomyeloceles.

If a large transposition flap with or without muscle is used for closure of a large meningomyelocele defect, then, a part of the donor site of the flap can be closed by split thickness skin graft, which produces an additional donor wound for the patient. We used the sac membrane instead of split thickness skin graft for closure of donor sites of fasciocutaneous flaps and latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps employed to cover large meningomyelocele defects. This technique was used in three thoracolumbar and in two lumbosacral meningomyelocele patients. The sac membrane was prepared like a full thickness skin graft. Follow-up in five patients has ranged from 1 to 18 months, with a mean of 10.6 months. The donor sites that were closed by the sac membrane exhibited complete healing in all patients. We conclude that the sac membrane supplies a reserve of epithelialised tissue that can be used for repair of the meningomyelocele defects.     

Freestyle propeller flaps to reconstruct defects of the posterior trunk: a simple approach to a difficult problem

The reconstruction of complex defects of the back remains difficult. However, a local skin flap alone based on a competent single perforator can have a large skin territory with an efficient arc of rotation as a propeller flap to cover many back wounds, while the donor site can still be closed primarily. Eleven patients with defect sizes ranging from 36 to 264 cm(2) underwent coverage of posterior trunk defects using propeller flap (rotated perforator flaps), and all the donor sites were primarily closed. The average number of perforators within the flap was 1.4. All flaps healed uneventfully except for 1 case in which congestion was noted; leech was applied and the flap healed well. Radiation therapy was done in 1 case and was uneventful. The freestyle perforator propeller flap can be a reliable and a simpler solution to reconstruct a difficult defect while achieving minimal donor site morbidity.     

A Comparison of Full and Split Thickness Skin Grafts in Radial Forearm Donor Sites

To formally evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes between full versus split thickness skin graft coverage of radial forearm free flap donor sites. A retrospective chart review of 47 patients who underwent pedicled or free radial forearm free flap reconstruction from May 1997 to August 2004 was performed. Comparisons were made between patients who had donor site coverage with split thickness skin grafts (STSG) or full thickness skin grafts (FTSG). There was no statistically significant difference between the STSG and FTSG in the number of post-operative dressings, incidence of tendon exposure, time to healing at the skin graft donor site, and time to healing at the skin graft recipient site. The questionnaire data showed there was a trend toward higher scores with the radial forearm scar aesthetics and satisfaction in the FTSG group. Full thickness skin graft coverage of radial forearm free flap donor site is superior to split thickness skin graft coverage in terms of aesthetic outcome, and has no statistically significant difference in terms of tendon exposure, time to healing at the skin graft donor site, time to healing at the skin graft recipient site, or post operative pain.     

Use of split‐thickness plantar skin grafts in the management of leg and foot skin defects

The basic principle of donor site selection is to take skin from areas that will heal with minimal scarring while balancing the needs of the recipient site. For skin loss from the lower legs and feet, the most common harvest site for split‐thickness skin grafts is the anterior or posterior thigh; grafts from the plantar areas have been mostly used to cover the volar aspect of digits and palms. Between September 2015 and September 2017, 42 patients with areas of skin loss on the legs or feet were treated with plantar skin grafts because of their cosmetic benefits and the convenience of the surgical procedure and postoperative wound care. Our technique of harvesting a single layer of split‐thickness skin graft (0.014 in. thick) from a non‐weight‐bearing area of the foot of the injured leg is simple and provided good functional and cosmetic outcomes at both the donor and recipient sites. All patients were very satisfied with the recovery progress and final results. Therefore, in the management of skin defects in the lower legs or feet that comprise less than 1.5% of the total body surface area, our surgical method is a reliable alternative to anterior or posterior thigh skin grafting.     

The scalp as a donor site: revisited

The scalp cannot be used as skin graft donor site with impunity. A review of 2,620 charts identified 194 pediatric patients whose scalps served as donor sites for split-thickness skin grafts for the treatment of acute burns. The overall incidence of alopecia was 32%. However, the incidence of alopecia in unburned scalps was 13%. The occurrence of alopecia in this group was associated with larger burn area requiring more frequent use of the scalp and shorter intervals between graft harvests (p less than 0.05). Among this group of patients (n = 15), nine had mild spotty alopecia, four had surgically correctable alopecia, and two had global patchy alopecia not amenable to surgical correction. In the patients with concomitant burns to their scalps, the incidence of alopecia was 61%. Whether the burn or the graft harvest caused alopecia could not be established. Meticulous donor site care is mandatory in this latter group when the scalp donor site is indicated.