臭氧对口腔科诊室空气消毒效果的研究

目的 观察臭氧对口腔科诊室空气常见致病菌的杀菌效果。方法 用碘滴定法测定打开臭氧发生器不同机组及不同时间时的臭氧浓度,按平板自然沉降法采集细菌,根据细菌集落数,计算出空气中的细菌数量,并计算杀菌率,确定细菌的种类。所得数据采用SAS6.12软件包进行卡方检验。结果 ①随着打开臭氧发生器组数的增加和时间的延长,诊室内臭氧浓度逐步升高,最低为240mg/m3,最高可达2736mg/m3;②臭氧的灭菌率普遍高于紫外线;③浓度为2736mg/m3的臭氧作用45min对变链菌的杀菌率最高为100%。结论 臭氧灭菌效果高于紫外线,可作为口腔科诊室的常规消毒方法。     

臭氧化水对口腔变形链球菌的体外作用研究

目的 研究臭氧化水对口腔变形链球菌的体外作用.方法 采用浓度分别为1.93mg/1、2.89mg/1、3.73mg/1、4.82mg/1、6.74mg/1的臭氧化水,分别对变形链球菌作用30s、1min、2min、3min,观察不同浓度不同作用时间下臭氧化水对变形链球菌的作用效果.结果 不同浓度的臭氧化水较阴性对照相比对变形链球菌均有明显的抑制作用,浓度为3.73mg/1、4.82mg/1、6.74mg/1的臭氧化水在不同作用时间下对变形链球菌的抑制作用相当.结论 臭氧化水对变形链球菌具有明显的抑制作用,用于龋病早期预防具有一定的价值和可行性.     

聚乙二醇抑制变形链球菌生长的实验研究

目的 :探讨聚乙二醇 (polyethyleneglycol,PEG)与变形链球菌作用后 ,其抑制细菌生长的效果。方法 :采用 2种低分子量的PEG(Mr分别为 2 0 0和 4 0 0 ,简称PEG2 0 0和PEG4 0 0 ) ,各选 4种不同浓度与细菌作用 ,分别经过 2 4和 4 8h培养 ,用分光光度计测试细菌生长的A540 值。结果 :经双因素无重复实验方差分析结果显示 :PEG的分子量大小和浓度高低及培养时间对实验结果均有较大的影响 ,两实验组之间以及实验组与对照组之间结果相差非常显著 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,即认为在培养时间为 2 4h时 ,浓度越大 ,分子量越小 (Mr为 2 0 0 ) ,抑制细菌生长的效果越好。结论 :低分子量的PEG作为非离子型表面活性剂 ,在一定时间内对抑制变链球菌的生长是有效的 ,值得我们对其防龋作用作进一步的研究探讨     

臭氧水对伴放线放线杆菌的灭活效果观察

目的探讨臭氧水对牙周可疑致病菌伴放线放线杆菌（Aa）的灭活效果。方法采用悬液定量杀菌方法和和化学方法在实验室进行观察。用4、8、15mg／L的臭氧水分别对悬液中A。作用1、2、3min。结果当臭氧水浓度为4mg／L对悬液中An没有杀灭作用。当臭氧水浓度为8mg儿时,对悬液中An作用1min,杀灭率为57％,当浓度上升至15mg／L时,对悬液中Aa作用1min．杀灭率上升至98％．而延长杀菌时间至3min．杀菌率维持在97％～99％。结论在25℃的室温条件下．臭氧水浓度达到15mg／L．臭氧水温控制在15℃～18℃时对悬液中Aa有快速、有效的杀灭作用。     

超声根管预备杀菌机理的实验研究

用Cavi-Endo根管超声仪对4种细菌悬液进行5min模拟根管预备后,杀菌率分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌35.70％。化脓性链球菌21.30％,大肠埃希氏杆菌13.69％,枯草杆菌芽胞3.80％。这一结果表明:超声波本身的杀菌作用是微弱的,超声法之所以能大幅度地减少根管内的细菌,是因其良好的切削、清理效果和超声波杀菌等因素综合作用的结果。     

臭氧水对根管感染细菌的体外抑制研究

目的：比较臭氧水与2%氯亚明、3%双氧水对感染根管细菌的杀菌效果。方法采用定量悬液法,分别将臭氧水、2%氯亚明、3%双氧水3种冲洗剂作用于牙龈卟啉单胞菌( Porphyromonas gingivalis,P． g)、具核梭杆菌( Fusobacterium nucleatum, F． n )、牙髓卟啉单胞菌( Porphyromonas endodontalis, P． e )、粪肠球菌( Enterococcus faecalis,E． f),作用时间分为15s、30s和60s 3组,分别计算杀菌率,采用SPSSl7．0统计软件分析,比较3种冲洗剂在不同作用时间下对4种感染根管细菌杀菌率的差异。结果3．69 mol/L臭氧水对P． g、F． n、P． e、E． f作用15s时,杀菌率为99．89%、99．94%、99．67%、99．91%;作用30s时,杀菌率为99．96%、99．94%、100%、99．93%;作用60s时,杀菌率分别为99．91%、99．95%、99．99%、99．93%;杀菌率无显著差异( P>0．05),且与2%CR、3%H2 O2比较,杀菌率无统计学差异(P>0．05))。结论3．69mol/L臭氧水与常用根管消毒剂2%氯亚明和3%双氧水均具有显著的杀菌效果,用于根管消毒有一定的临床应用价值和可行性。     

常用根管冲洗液与臭氧液杀菌效果的实验研究

目的：比较常用根管冲洗消毒液与HYCY40009型臭氧仪产生的不同浓度臭氧液的杀菌效果。方法：采用细菌悬液定量实验法测定5组消毒液对3株兼性厌氧菌和2株专性厌氧菌的杀菌效果。结果：杀菌率随着臭氧液浓度的增加而提高，臭氧液对微生物的杀灭率随着时间延长而增高。当增加臭氧液浓度（1．339mg／L）和作用时间（5min）时，其杀菌效率与常用的根管冲洗液3％双氧水、0．25％次氯酸钠液的杀菌效果一致。结论：HY-CY40009型臭氧发生仪在通电40min内可以产生具有理想消毒杀菌作用的臭氧液。对于感染根管的冲洗消毒应用具有较好前景。     

钛种植体表面粗糙度对细菌黏附的影响

目的：研究钛种植体的不同表面粗糙度对变形链球菌及血链球菌黏附的影响.方法：用光电3-D表面测量系统测定两种纯钛片机械切割表面和大颗粒喷砂酸蚀表面的表面粗糙度.将钛片与变形链球菌和血链球菌共同培养,培养时间分别为4h,1d和5d.通过菌落形成单位（CFU）计数法及结晶紫染色法,比较不同时间点两种细菌在两种粗糙度钛片上的黏附量.结果：机械切割表面和大颗粒喷砂酸蚀表面钛片的表面粗糙度Ra值分别为1.25 μm和4.25 μm.CFU计数显示,在不同的培养时间点,两组钛片上的变形链球菌及血链球菌活菌黏附数量相近,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结晶紫染色显示,在不同的培养时间点,大颗粒喷砂酸蚀组钛片上血链球菌的细菌黏附总量均多于机械切割组钛片,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）.在培养早期（4h）,大颗粒喷砂酸蚀组钛片上变形链球菌的细菌黏附总量大于机械切割组钛片;但在培养后期（1 d,5 d）两组钛片上变形链球菌的细菌黏附总量相近,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：钛片不同表面粗糙度对变形链球菌和血链球菌的活菌黏附数量无影响,但粗糙表面上黏附的细菌及基质总量大于中度粗糙表面.对于变形链球菌而言,粗糙度对细菌及基质黏附总量的影响随着生物膜的成熟而消失.     

三种可聚合季铵盐单体对口腔病原菌的抗菌活性

目的:比较自行合成的3 种可聚合季铵盐单体对口腔常见致病菌的抗菌活性及抗菌时效性.方法:采用液体稀释法比较季铵盐单体对4 种口腔常见致病菌的抗菌活性,以抗菌性能最佳的单体进行杀菌动力学研究.结果:3 种季铵盐单体对4 种口腔致病菌均表现出一定的抗菌活性,其中DMAE-CB抗菌效果优于另外2 种单体,该单体在浓度19.2 μg/ml (4 倍MBC值)时接触5 min, 99.889%的变形链球菌被杀灭;接触10 min,即可杀灭所有细菌.结论:3 种抗菌单体对口腔常见致病菌均具有不同程度的抗菌活性,DMAE-CB具有进一步应用于牙科抗菌修复材料的前景.     

利用定量悬浮试验评估义齿清洁片杀菌活性

目的:评价保丽净义齿清洁片杀菌活性。方法:选用国际标准株细菌,利用体外微生物培养,进行定量悬浮液试验。结果:义齿清洁片在40℃溶液、5分钟对血链球菌、粘性放线菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、具核梭杆菌、非典型韦荣菌、白色念珠菌、变形链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、普雷沃氏菌属的中间普氏菌、绿脓杆菌、肺炎链球菌有99.9%的杀菌效果。结论:保丽净义齿清洁片体外对一些口腔常驻致病菌有明显抗菌作用。     

5种消毒方法对染菌口腔印模消毒效果的比较

目的：评价２％戊二醛浸泡、喷涂,５％艾力克浸泡、喷涂,臭氧柜处理对口腔印模和石膏模型上的表皮葡萄球菌、血液链球菌和枯草杆菌芽孢的消毒效果。方法：将无菌的印模和石膏模型平均分成３组,每组印模和石膏模型表面分别涂表皮葡萄球菌悬液、血液链球菌悬液和枯草杆菌芽孢菌悬液,并设立同期空白对照组。采用２％戊二醛浸泡、喷涂与５％艾力克浸泡、喷涂分别对染菌印模进行消毒处理。臭氧柜对石膏模型进行消毒处理。其后的不同时     

In vitro testing of a denture cleaning method using ozone

The purpose of this study was to compare the microbicidal effect of gaseous ozone with that of ozonated water in order to determine its usefulness as a method for disinfecting dentures. Although a large number of research studies have been done on the bactericidal effect of ozone, little is known about its microbicidal effects on oral microorganisms. Therefore, we tested the effect of ozone on three standard strains of oral microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans (strain IID 973), Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209-P), and Candida albicans (strain LAM 14322). When the gaseous ozone injection method was used, the numbers of cells of all three strains decreased to 1/10(5) at 1 min, and by 3 min they were below the detection limit. Thus, the microbicidal effect of gaseous ozone was ascertained in a short time. In contrast, when ozonated water at 1 ppm and 3 ppm was used, C. albicans decreased to 1/10. A 700 mg/h ozone production level was needed to prepare 1 ppm ozonated water, whereas 20 mg/h of ozone was required by the gaseous ozone generator. These findings indicate that direct exposure to gaseous ozone seems to be a more effective microbicide compared with ozonated water, and that gaseous ozone can be clinically useful for disinfection of dentures.     

2种牙科石膏模型喷雾消毒效果的比较

目的：观察一种新型喷雾消毒剂对牙科石膏模型的消毒效果。方法：自制2.5 cm×2.5 cm×1 cm的石膏试件并消毒,表面涂布金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白假丝酵母菌、变形链球菌、黏性放线菌的混合菌液,分别用麦瑞斯消毒液和戊二醛消毒剂对样本进行喷雾法消毒,5 min和15 min后取样、接种、培养,进行菌落计数,并与另一组染菌而未消毒者进行比较,以评价消毒剂的消毒效果。采用SPSS12.0软件包对数据进行单因素方差分析。结果：麦瑞斯消毒液喷雾消毒5 min,可有效消灭所有的样本菌,且15 min后仍有较好的抑菌效果,其消毒效果显著优于戊二醛消毒剂。结论：麦瑞斯喷雾消毒剂对石膏模型的消毒效果快速而有效。     

三氯羟苯醚漱口液作用特点的研究

目的 研究新型三氯羟苯醚（triclosan）漱口液－力博漱口液的作用特点。方法 ①检查并记录受检者用药前后的牙菌斑指数和牙龋出血指数,观察临床疗效。②采集受检者用药前后受检者的龋下菌斑标本,厌氧环境下培养,计数菌落数（CUF／L）。对比用药前后的抑菌效果。③选择变形链球菌C、牙龋卟啉单胞菌等为实验菌株,以倍比稀释后的三氯羟苯醚漱口液和酸氯己定漱口液为抑菌物,厌氧培养后,观察抑菌环大小,对比两种漱口液对不同菌株的最低抑菌浓度。④在光滑附着板上培养变形链球菌,形成细菌斑膜后,将附着板置于三氯羟苯醚漱口液、醋酸氯己定漱口液和生理盐水中,观察细菌脱落情况。结果 ①三氯羟苯醚漱口液含漱治疗牙龋炎症临床有效,可降低牙菌斑指数及牙龋出血指数。②使用三氯羟苯醚漱口后,口腔致病菌的培养计数有所减少。③三氯羟苯醚漱口液对变形链球菌C的最低抑菌浓度低于醋酸氯己定漱口液,对牙龋卟啉单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度高于醋酸氯己定漱口液。④在三氯羟苯醚漱口液中,附着板上的细菌膜最容易脱落,三氢羟苯醚漱口液的抗细菌附着作用强于醋酸氯己定漱口液和生理盐水。结论     

Disinfecting the acrylic resin plate using electrolyzed acid water and 2% glutaraldehyde: a comparative microbiological study

Marked bactericidal activity of the electrolyzed acid water (EAW) and its less undesirable effects on biological tissues and the environment has been successfully utilized in dental practice. A review of literature reveals that not many studies have been performed to determine the disinfection effect of EAW on heat cured acrylic denture bases. The objective of the study is to determine the efficacy of EAW in disinfecting heat cured acrylic resin specimens as compared to the efficacy of disinfecting the specimens using 2% glutaraldehyde. Heat cured acrylic resin plates were immersed in Bacteria suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus and later disinfected using EAW which was produced using a custom made electrolyzing apparatus and 2% glutaraldehyde for different time intervals. The numbers of surviving bacteria were counted. As the control, the bacteria attached on the specimens were counted with out any disinfection treatment. The results obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc test. The disinfection potential of 2% glutaraldehyde was better than EAW when the specimens were disinfected for 1 and 3 min. Where as when the disinfection time was increased to 5 min there was no difference between EAW and 2% glutaraldehyde. However considering that the disinfecting time can be easily extended to 5 min, EAW can be effectively used for disinfecting the acrylic denture.     

Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of various root canal filling materials for primary teeth

Four materials viz. zinc oxide-eugenol, iodoform paste, Kri paste, Maisto's paste and Vitapex (Calcium hydroxide + iodoform) were tested for their antibacterial effect against the aerobic and anerobic bacteria, viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacteroides melaninogenicus and mixed bacterial culture; obtained from infected non-vital deciduous anterior teeth. The antimicrobial sensitivity was checked on BHI-agar plates using well method. The results showed that all the 4 materials were distinctly different from each other in their antimicrobial activity. Maisto's paste was invariably the superior most in its antibacterial efficacy (in comparison to all the 5 micro-organism strains). Iodoformized zincoxide eugenol appeared to be the second best followed by Kri paste. Vitapex showed the least antibacterial activity.     

Glass bead sterilization of orthodontic bands

The purpose of this study was threefold: to determine if bead sterilization is capable of sterilizing orthodontic bands, if so, to establish a minimal time for sterilization when bands are inoculated with bacteria and spores, and to compare bead sterilization to other methods of cleansing and disinfecting orthodontic bands used in the office setting. Ten bands per time trial inoculated with either Bacillus subtilis spores or Staphylococcus albus bacteria were used along with ten controls (inoculated but not placed in the bead sterilizer). The bands were placed one at a time into a 226 degrees C bead sterilizer for 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds, transferred to a test tube with BHI broth, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 3 days. The results indicated that 15 seconds is required to sterilize bacteria and 45 seconds required for spores. If five bands were placed in the bead sterilizer simultaneously, twice the time was required for sterilization. Other techniques for disinfecting bands, such as a 5-second tap water rinse, 10-second soap scrub, 30-minute immersion in alcohol, and alcohol flame, were ineffective in killing bacteria or spores with one exception--the alcohol flame was capable of preventing growth on bands inoculated with Staphylococcus albus.     

Profiling of bacterial flora in crevices around titanium orthodontic anchor plates

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to characterize the microflora in crevices around titanium orthodontic anchor plates using anaerobic culture and molecular biological techniques for bacterial identification, and to compare the microbial composition between crevices around anchor plates and gingival crevices. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples from crevices around titanium anchor plates and healthy gingival crevices of 17 subjects (aged 20-29) were cultured anaerobically, and isolated bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS: The average logarithm colony-forming units/ml were 6.84, 7.51 and 8.88 in healthy anchor plate crevices, inflamed anchor plate crevices and healthy gingival crevices, respectively, indicating that the bacterial density of anchor plate crevices was lower than that of healthy gingival crevices. Of 184 strains isolated from healthy anchor plate crevices of seven subjects, 108 (59%) were anaerobic bacteria, while 73 (40%) were facultative bacteria. Predominant isolates were Gram-negative rods, such as Campylobacter (12%), Fusobacterium (10%) and Selenomonas (10%), and Gram-positive facultative bacteria, such as Actinomyces (17%) and Streptococcus (8.2%). Of 133 strains isolated from inflamed anchor plate crevices of three subjects, 110 (83%) were anaerobic bacteria, while predominant isolates were Gram-negative rods, such as Prevotella (47%), Fusobacterium (33%) and Campylobacter (16%). On the other hand, of 146 strains isolated from healthy gingival crevices of seven subjects, 98 (67%) were facultative bacteria, while 45 (31%) were anaerobic bacteria. Predominant isolates were Gram-positive facultative bacteria, such as Actinomyces (37%) and Streptococcus (20%). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the environment in crevices around titanium orthodontic anchor plates is anaerobic and supportive of anaerobic growth of bacteria, which may trigger inflammation in the tissue around the plates.     

Antibacterial Activity of Three Dental Liners

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to assess the antibacterial activity of the following three dental liners: Vitrebond (3M, St Paul, MN), Dycal (LD Caulk, Dentsply International, Milford, DE), and Life (Kerr, Romulus, MI). Materials and Methods The test was based on a modification of the agar diffusion test in which samples were placed on agar plates previously inoculated with Streptococcus mutans and were removed after predetermined time periods. The material's effect on bacterial growth was evaluated. Results Results show that Vitrebond has a strong antibacterial effect that was evident after 1 minute of direct contact with the inoculated bacteria. It was significantly more effective (P < .0001) than Dycal or Life. Conclusions This method allows for the evaluation of the antibacterial effect of dental materials after different contact time periods between dental liners and bacteria.     

Antibacterial activity of berry juices,an in vitro study

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activities of blackcurrant and sea buckthorn juices on bacteria associated with gingival inflammation. Materials and methods. The growth of selected bacteria (Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was studied in vitro on agar plates. The content of phenols in the different extracts was measured with HPLC-ESI-MS. Results. The spectrometric analysis identified that the highest level of the single phenols studied was found for ferulic acid (113 μg/ml) in blackcurrant juice. Sea buckthorn contained low levels of selected phenols. Total bacterial inhibition for all bacterial species studied was found at 20% berry juice concentration with pH varying between 4.1–5.4. Conclusions. The present study identified that in vitro bacterial growth on agar plates was inhibited by blackcurrant and sea buckthorn juices and that low juice pH explains bacterial in vitro growth. This may have clinical implications in biofilm development, reducing the risks for both tooth decay and gingivitis.