29对金属化合物对大鼠游离肝细胞联合毒性的研究

本文以大鼠游离肝细胞半数中毒浓度（ＴＣ５０）对镉，硒，砷，锑，汞，锌，铅，铬，镍１０种金属组成２９个配对进行了联合毒性的研究，结果表明：１０种金属化合物肝细胞毒性大小顺序是汞＞镉＞铅＞砷＞锑＞铜＞铬＞镍＞锌＞硒，与体内肝毒性顺序基本一致，汞，镉，铅三种金属之间的增毒作用，对其它金属的毒性亦有增毒作用。锌可以拮抗镉，铅，铜的毒性作用，硒可以拮抗汞，镉，砷对细胞的毒性，其余金属配对呈毒性相加作用，铬和     

十种化合物对大鼠游离肝细胞联合毒性的研究

采用细胞毒理学方法，以大鼠游离肝细胞半数中毒浓度（ＴＣ５０）为观察指标，对镉、硒、铜、砷、锑、汞、锌、铅、铬、镍１０种金属及类金属组成２９个配对进行了联合毒性的研究。结果表明，１０种金属及类金属化合物肝细胞毒性大小顺序是汞＞镉＞铅＞砷＞锑＞铜＞铬＞镍＞锌＞硒，与体内肝毒性顺序基本一致。汞、镉、铅三种金属之间有增毒作用，对其它金属的毒性亦有增强作用。锌可以拮抗镉、铅的毒性作用，硒可以保护汞、砷对细胞的毒性，其余金属配对呈毒性相加作用。铬和砷对镉的细胞毒性表现为拮抗作用，其机理需要进一步进行研究。     

金属元素对人胚肺细胞联合毒性的研究

采用细胞毒理学方法，以人胚肺细胞半数中毒浓度（ＴＣ５０）为观察指标，对铅、汞、砷、镉、镍、锰、锌、硒等８种金属元素组成２７个配对进行联合毒性的研究。结果表明，８种金属元素肺细胞毒性大小顺序是汞＞镉＞锰＞镍＞砷＞铅＞锌＞硒，与体内肺毒性顺序基本相似。铅、镉、汞、锰３种金属元素之间有增毒作用。锌和硒对铅、镉、汞、砷的细胞毒性有拮抗作用。     

荞麦不同组成部分中金属元素含量及分析

目的：测定荞麦不同组成部分茎、叶、花中金属元素（铜、铁、锌、钙、锶、硒、锰、铅、砷、汞、镉）的含量。方法：原子吸收分光光度法及原子荧光分光光度法。结果：荞麦茎中铜、铁、锌、锶、硒、锰、砷、镉均高于叶和花;荞麦叶中钙、铅、汞明显高于茎和花。结论：荞麦茎、叶、花中铅含量较高均超过国家标准;砷、镉、汞无超标现象。     

贵州道地药材杜仲中微量元素的测定

目的：测定贵州10产地中药杜仲中镉、铜、铅、汞、砷和硒6种微量元素的含量。方法：采用湿法进行消化,用原子吸收分光光度法测定其镉、铜、铅元素的含量和原子荧光光度法测定其汞、砷、硒元素的舍量。结果：不同产地杜仲药材镉、铜、铅、汞、砷和硒6种微量元素含量有一定差异,其中汞含量均超出标准范围,砷含量均未超出标准范围,习水和安顺的药材含硒量相对其它产地较高。结论：不同产地杜仲药材镉、铜、铅、汞、砷和硒,6种微量元素含量有一定差异。     

低硒高镉对大鼠体内抗氧化作用影响的研究

用控制硒、镉含量的饲料喂养生长期Ｓ．Ｄ大鼠，观察低硒高镉对大鼠体内抗氧化作用的影响。结果表明：低硒使大鼠组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性降低，脂质过氧化产物（ＬＰＯ）含量升高；加镉组大鼠组织中ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性比不加镉组低，ＬＰＯ含量比不加镉组高；而同时饲以低硒高镉饲料时，组织中ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性进一步降低．ＬＰＯ含量更加升高。提示低硒高镉在大鼠抗氧化作用中呈现相加作用。     

镉对作业工人全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响

镉对作业工人全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响周宁，梁中民，徐栋，张红斌，王春燕谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＣＳＨ－ＰＸ）是一种含硒酶，文献报道，硒可抬抗镉的毒性作用［１］，为此，我们研究了重金属辐对作业工人全血ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性的影响，现报告如下。１．对象与方...     

硒多糖、亚硒酸钠对大鼠血硒浓度和肝细胞色素P_(450)单加氧酶系的影响

研究了一次和连续７天腹腔注射硒多糖、亚硒酸钠对大鼠血硒浓度及肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０、ｂ５、ＮＡＤ（Ｐ）Ｈ－细胞色素Ｃ还原酶、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（ＧＳＴ）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）的影响；并比较了硒多糖与亚硒酸钠的作用。结果表明：一次腹腔注射Ｓｅ０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重的硒多糖和亚硒酸钠后，血硒浓度迅速增加，在注射后２小时血硒浓度达到高峰，随后血硒浓度逐渐下降。亚硒酸钠在大鼠体内的吸收和排出均较硒多糖快。连续７天腹腔注射０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量硒多糖和亚硒酸钠后，硒多糖和亚硒酸钠组大鼠血硒浓度分别为对照组的２．６倍和２．１倍，其中硒多糖组的血硒含量显著高于亚硒酸钠组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；硒多糖和亚硒酸钠在体内、外均降低肝细胞色素Ｐ４５０、ｂ５的含量，抑制ＧＳＴ的活性，硒多糖的作用尤为显著，分别为对照组的５７％、７０％和６２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。两种硒化合物对ＮＡＤ（Ｐ）Ｈ－细胞色素Ｃ还原酶无明显影响。硒多糖和亚硒酸钠均能显著增强ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

当重金属入侵你的身体

密度在5以上的金属统称为重金属,如金、银、铜、铅、锌、镍、钴、镉、铬和汞等45种。从环境污染方面所说的重金属,实际上主要是指汞、镉、铅、铬以及类金属砷等生物毒性显著的类别,也指具有一定毒性的一般重金属,如锌、铜、钴、镍、锡等。目前最引起人们关注的是汞、镉、铅等。重金属污染的特征表现有以下几方面：     

人工硒茶对铅毒性的拮抗作用

目的研究人工硒茶对铅毒性拮抗作用。方法通过染铅大鼠饮硒茶实验及铅作业工人饮硒茶前后自身对照试验,观测脂质过氧化、免疫功能及尿铅指标。结果硒茶提高大鼠全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）、血清超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力,恢复Ｔ淋巴细胞酸性醋酸酯酶（ＡＮＡＥ）阳性率,增加尿铅排泄（Ｐ＜０．０１）;铅作业工人饮硒茶３月后,血清ＳＯＤ显著增加,血清丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）下降,ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,尿铅排泄增大（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论硒茶可保护大鼠及工人免受铅损害。     

Distribution of 14 Elements in Tissues and Organs of Oceanic Seabirds

The concentrations of 14 trace elements (Li, V, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Pb, and Hg) were determined in tissues and organs of three species and in the liver of 11 species of seabirds. Comparatively high concentrations of Li, Co, Sr, and V were found in the femur. Cd, Se, Cu, and Mn concentrations were relatively higher in the kidney than in other tissues and organs. Rb, Cs, and Pb concentrations were rather uniform among tissues. Concentrations of essential elements such as Mn, Cu, and Co were comparable among seabird species, except high Cu concentrations in northern giant petrel. Among nonessential elements, concentrations of Cd and Hg were variable according to seabird species. Pb levels were low in all the species. High Se levels (100 μg/g dry weight) were found in the liver of black-footed albatross and grey petrel. There were significant positive correlations between Se and Cd concentrations in three species and between Se and Hg in black-footed albatross, suggesting that Se has an antagonistic action on the toxic effects of Cd and Hg. Concentrations of Li, V, Ag, and Cs were usually low (less than 1 μg/g dry weight). Received: 30 October 1997/Accepted: 17 May 1998     

Nutritional Quality and Safety Related to Trace Element Content in Fish from Tyrrhenian Sea

This study analyzed for the detection of the following trace elements: As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, Zn, in muscle of four widely traded and consumed marine fish species (Mullus surmuletus L., Merluccius merluccius L., Micromesistius poutassou (Risso, 1827), Scomber scombrus L.) selected for their wide trade and consumption. Mean concentrations found in fish muscle, irrespective of species, ranged from 3.61 to 105.49 (As); 0.01–0.08 (Cd); 0.74–4.71 (Cu); 0.09–1.10 (Hg); 0.02–0.58 (Pb); 0.30–2.88 (Se); 11.56–73.37 (Zn) mg/kg wet weight. As, Hg, Cu and Se concentrations showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) among the analyzed species in winter and in summer. Cd exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.01) only in summer. The maximum levels set for Hg, Cd and Pb by European Regulation No 1881/2006 were exceeded by 5 (8.9 %), 1 (1.8 %) and 4 (7.1 %) samples, respectively. In particular the species exceeding the legal limits were red mullet for Cd and Pb, Atlantic mackerel and blue whiting for Hg and Pb.     

碰撞池ICP-MS测定近海海水中的Cr、As、Se、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg和Pb

目的:建立碰撞池ICP-MS测定近海海水中Cr、As、Se、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg和Pb的分析方法。方法:样品用0.2%HNO3 0.2 mg/L Au溶液稀释5倍后直接用碰撞池ICP-MS进行分析,用耐高盐接口和内标法消除非质谱干扰,用碰撞池技术消除质谱干扰。结果:方法的检出限为0.005~0.03 ng/m l,精密度为0.5%~2.6%,回收率为96.0%~105%,对3个标准参考物质的分析结果令人满意。结论:可以采用碰撞池ICP-MS测定近海海水中Cr、As、Se、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg和Pb,方法检出限低,并且简单、快速和准确,适用于实验室日常分析。     

Element differences and evaluation of the dietary intake from farmed oysters and mussels collected at different sites along the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea

Concentrations of the macroelements Ca, Mg, K and Na, microelements Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn and toxic metals As, Cd, Hg and Pb were determined in oysters and mussels collected at farming sites in the northern, central and south Adriatic Sea. Mean concentrations in oysters were (mg kg⁻¹): As 4.51, Ca 1551, Cd 1.44, Cu 53.6, Cr 0.23, Fe 45.9, Hg 0.047, K 2476, Mg 895, Mn 2.80, Na 7148, Pb 0.52, Zn 675. Mean values in mussels were (mg kg⁻¹): As 4.71, Ca 601, Cd 0.37, Cu 1.91, Cr 0.29, Fe 49.6, Hg 0.026, K 2246, Mg 1043, Mn 2.49, Na 7992, Pb 0.58, Zn 28.8. Significant differences in the concentrations of toxic metals and elements were found in oysters and mussels among farming sites. Obtained Cd, Hg and Pb concentration in oysters and mussels were lower than the limit levels set by the European Community. However, Cd concentration exceeded the limit level of 1 mg kg⁻¹ in oysters from all locations except Lim Bay. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) indicate that oysters are a good source of Ca, Cu and Zn. The higher Cu and Zn concentrations than the toxicity reference values suggest a risk for consumers if larger quantities of oysters are consumed frequently.     

Trace Elements in Tissues of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) Stranded in the Gulf of California,Mexico

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Concentration of essential (Se, Zn and Cu) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg and Pb) trace elements were measured in selected tissues of two...     

Toxic Element Concentration in the Atlantic Gannet Morus bassanus (Pelecaniformes, Sulidae) in Portugal

The present study provides the first data on inorganic element levels in juvenile, subadult, and adult Atlantic gannets (Morus bassanus). Physiological and potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn) were assessed by ICP-MS in kidney, liver, muscle, and feathers of 31 gannets, including 18 juveniles, 7 subadults, and 6 adults. The effect of age and tissue on element accumulation was also assessed. Mercury was roughly above the minimum level for adverse effects in birds. A higher accumulation of Se and Cd was detected in kidney, Pb in feathers, and Mn in liver. Age was found to affect the accumulation of Cd, Co, Hg, Mn, Se, and Zn. Adults presented significantly lower levels of Mn, Se, and Zn than subadults. Linear positive relationships within tissues were detected involving Se-Cd and Se-Hg. Also, positive linear relationships were detected among kidney, liver, and muscle, with emphasis on relationships involving Cd, Hg, Se, and Zn, which may be indicative of analogous regulation mechanisms in those organs. Atlantic gannets occurring in the study area leave their reproduction sites as juveniles. During their development process, several molting cycles occur and thus the possible contamination risk by Hg should reflect levels in the development areas rather than contamination levels in reproduction areas. The present study provides basic information on multielement accumulation in Morus bassanus, which may help us to understand the behavior and toxicity of various elements in marine birds.     

Toxic element concentrations in the Razorbill Alca torda (Charadriiformes, Alcidae) in Portugal

The present study provides the first data on inorganic element levels (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn) in juvenile, immature, and adult razorbills (Alca torda) collected along the central coast of Portugal. Element concentrations were assessed by ICP-MS in kidney, liver, muscle, and feathers of 28 razorbills, including 4 juveniles, 17 subadults, and 7 adults. The effect of age and tissue on element accumulation was also assessed. The detected levels in razorbills may indicate a possible contamination risk by Hg and Cr. With respect to bird tissues, higher accumulation of Se and Cd was detected in kidney, Zn and Pb in feathers, and As and Mn in liver. Age was found to affect the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Mn, juveniles presenting higher levels of Cu and Mn than older individuals. In razorbill kidney, Zn–Hg constituted the most significant relationship among metal concentrations. Liver presented the highest number of significant relationships (mostly involving Zn and Co). With regard to feathers, the most significant relationships involved Se, Zn, Cr and Cu concentrations. Positive linear relationships were detected among kidney, liver, and muscle, with emphasis on relationships involving Se and Hg, which may be indicative of similar accumulation/regulation mechanisms in those organs. Element concentrations are discussed in view of possible detoxification mechanisms in seabirds.