不同TOAST亚型急性脑梗死患者纤维蛋白原水平的变化及三七通舒胶囊的干预研究

目的观察不同病因亚型急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清纤维蛋白原水平(Fbg)的变化,探讨三七通舒胶囊的干预作用。方法将208例ACI患者按照急性卒中治疗低分子肝素试验(TOAST)分型标准分为5大亚型并行NIHSS评分,随机分为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组(三七通舒胶囊+疏血通注射液+拜阿司匹灵组)108例,对照组(疏血通注射液+拜阿司匹灵组)100例;检测治疗前后各亚型纤维蛋白原水平变化。结果①TOAST分型中大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死(LAA)、心源性脑栓塞(CE)、小动脉闭塞性脑梗死(SAO)血清Fbg与其他明确病因的脑梗死(OC)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LAA、CE、SAO与不明病因性脑梗死(UE)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LAA与SAO比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②治疗组TOAST亚型中LAA、CE、SAO治疗前后比较,有显著差异(P<0.05);15d后治疗组LAA、CE、SAO与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Fbg在LAA、CE、SAO的发生发展中都发挥着重要作用。三七通舒胶囊可显著降低脑梗死患者的纤维蛋白原水平,可作为脑梗死患者的有效辅助治疗药物。     

血清Hcy和hs-CRP与缺血性卒中各亚型关系的临床研究

目的 探讨血清同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）、超敏C-反应蛋白（high sensitivity C-reactive protei n,hs-CRP）在大动脉粥样硬化型（large artery atherosclerotic,LAA）、小血管闭塞型（small artery occlusion,SAO）缺血性卒中（ischemic stroke,IS）中的差异,以及二者与完全性、进展性卒中的关系。 方法 入组患者按急性卒中治疗Org 10 172试验（trial of org 10 172 in acute stroke treatment, TOAST）分型分为LAA及SAO卒中共217例,LAA 130例,其中进展性卒中58例;SAO 87例,其中进展性卒 中12例。检测并比较血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平。 结果 ①Hcy（P＜0.019）、hs-CRP（P =0.021）、低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein,LDL）（P =0.012） 在LAA组及SAO组经Logistic回归分析纠正混杂因素后差异显著,LAA组血清Hcy和hs-CRP、LDL显著高于 SAO组。②Hcy（P＜0.001）、hs-CRP（P =0.017）、LAA（P =0.023）在进展性和完全性卒中中纠正混杂因 素后比较,差异仍有统计学意义,全部进展性卒中患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、LAA明显高于完全性卒中患 者。③LAA组中,进展性与完全性两亚组患者血清Hcy无明显差异,而进展性卒中亚组hs-CRP水平明显 高于完全性卒中患者。 结论 血清Hcy、hs-CRP、LDL是LAA卒中的独立危险因素,血清Hcy和hs-CRP可作为IS病因分型的参考 指标之一;高Hcy、hs-CRP、LAA是进展性卒中的独立危险因素。     

同型半胱氨酸、血尿酸水平与不同分型急性脑梗死的相关性研究

目的 探讨同型半胱氨酸、血尿酸水平与不同分型急性脑梗死的相关性.方法 对本院神经内科卒中注册登记的505例急性脑梗死患者,按照OCSP分型标准和TOAST分型标准进行分型,入院后检测血清同型半胱氨酸、血尿酸水平,分析不同分型脑梗死与两指标之间的的关系.结果 OCSP分型各亚型间同型半胱氨酸水平、血尿酸水平差异均不明显,TOAST分型中LAA亚型Hcy水平高于SAO、CE亚型,SAO、CE、SUE亚型Hcy水平高于SOD亚型,LAA亚型、SAO亚型UA水平高于CE亚型、SOD亚型,差异均明显.结论 急性脑梗死患者同型半胱氨酸水平、血尿酸水平对OCSP分型的提示作用有限,对TOAST分型有提示作用,两种分型相结合可以更好地指导急性脑梗死患者的治疗.     

丁苯酞注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对血清sTRAIL OPG TNF-α的影响

目的研究丁苯酞注射液治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对血清肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(sTRAIL)、骨保护素(OPG)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法选取2014-03—2015-03我院收治的急性脑梗死患者140例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组70例,对照组给予常规治疗方法,研究组在对照组的基础上加用丁苯酞注射液治疗,应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评价治疗效果,并比较治疗前后2组血清sTRAIL、OPG和TNF-α水平。结果 2组治疗前NIHSS评分比较并异无统计学意义(P0.05),2组治疗后NIHSS评分均显著降低,且研究组显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);2组治疗前sTRAIL、OPG和TNF-α比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),2组治疗后sTRAIL、OPG和TNF-α均显著降低,且研究组显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论丁苯酞注射液治疗急性脑梗死具有较好的临床疗效,能降低血清sTRAIL、OPG和TNF-α水平。     

急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者TOAST分型与尿酸、LDL-C的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者的TOAST分型与血尿酸(SUA)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的相关性。方法选择收入我院神经内科发病72 h且合并2型糖尿病的急性脑梗死患者426例,并进行TOAST分型,抽取空腹静脉血检测血SUA、LDL-C值,并分析其与TOAST分型的相关性。结果 TOAST分型中,大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(LAA)所占比例最高(48.6%),小动脉卒中或腔隙性卒中(SAO)居第2位(31%),其次分别为心源性卒中(CE)(9.9%)、其他原因所致缺血性卒中(SOE)(5.6%)、不明原因的缺血性卒中(SUE)(4.9%);比较5种亚型SUA水平:LAA高于其他4类亚型(P0.01),其余亚型两两比较无差异(P0.05);LDL-C水平比较:LAA高于其他4种亚型(P0.05),SAO高于CE(P0.05),其余两两比较无差异;SUA(OR=1.26,95%CI 1.31~2.17)、LDL-C(OR=1.42,95%CI 1.32~1.96)是LAA的独立危险因素(P0.01)。结论急性脑梗死合并2型糖尿病患者中以LAA型最为多见,检测SUA、LDL-C值对进行病因分型具有重要临床意义。     

同型半胱氨酸和糖化血红蛋白联合检测急性脑梗死患者颈动脉硬化的研究

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平与急性脑梗死(ACI患者颈动脉硬化的关系,为后期二级预防提供依据。方法连续纳入TOAST分型为大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA)和小动脉闭塞型(SAO)的ACI患者共236例,根据颈部血管超声检查结果分为:无斑块组、稳定斑块组、不稳定斑块组及狭窄组,检测并分析比较各组血清Hcy和HbA1c等指标的水平差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析颈动脉硬化的危险因素。结果①年龄、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、Hcy、HbA1c、高血压病史、吸烟、饮酒、TOAST分型在不同颈动脉硬化组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);②多因素Logistic回归分析显示:血清Hcy和HbA1c水平升高是ACI患者颈动脉硬化发生发展的危险因素(OR值分别为3.157、0.451,95%CI分别为1.489～6.381、0.167～1.281;P值分别为0.019、0.045)。结论血清Hcy和HbA1c水平升高是LAA型和SAO型ACI患者颈动脉硬化发生发展的重要危险因素,临床上应高度重视。     

缺血性脑卒中及不同亚型与血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2水平及其基因I198T多态性的关系

目的 研究缺血性脑卒中(IS)及不同亚型与血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)水平及Lp-PLA2基因I198T多态性的关系.方法 228例IS患者按急性卒中Orgl 10172治疗试验(TOAST)分型分为大动脉粥样硬化性脑卒中(LAA)组(123例)、小动脉闭塞性脑卒中(SAO)组(71例)和心源性栓塞(CE)组(34例).采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆Lp-PLA2水平,应用PCR及基因直接测序法确定Lp-PLA2基因I198T位点的多态性；计算IS相对危险度.并与202名正常对照者比较.结果 IS组及其LAA亚组的血浆Lp-PLA2水平、Lp-PLA2基因I198T位点突变基因型、等位基因频率及其IS相对危险度均显著高于正常对照组(P ＜0.01～0.001)；SAO和CE亚组以上指标与正常对照组的差异均无统计学意义.各组不同基因型之间血浆Lp-PLA2水平的差异无统计学意义.结论 IS及其LAA亚型患者的血浆Lp-PLA2水平明显升高,Lp-PLA2基因I198T多态性与LAA的发生有密切关系,而与SAO和CE的发生可能无关.     

急性脑梗死患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2水平的改变及其与病情的关系

目的 研究急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(LP-PLA2)水平的改变及其与病情的关系.方法 91例ACI患者按照美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分分为轻型ACI组(NIHSS评分＜4分)、中型ACI组(4～15分)、重型ACI组(＞15分).应用酶联免疫吸附法测定ACI患者及31名正常对照者的血清LP-PLA2水平.ACI患者NIHSS评分与血清LP-PLA2水平的关系用Spearman相关分析.结果 ACI组的血清LP-PLA2水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);重型ACI亚组血清LP-PLA2水平又显著高于中型ACI亚组和轻型ACI亚组(均P＜0.01).经Spearman相关分析,ACI患者的NIHSS评分与血清LP-PLA2水平呈正相关(r=0.485,P＜0.001).结论 ACI患者的血清LP-PLA2水平显著升高,病情越重者升高越明显.     

缺血性脑卒中病因学分型与血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的关系

目的研究缺血性脑卒中病因学分型与血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的关系。方法参照TOAST分型标准将2011-08—2013-12我院收治的大动脉粥样硬化型脑卒中(LAA)、小动脉闭塞型脑卒中(SAO)、心源性脑卒中(CE)、其他少见病因型脑卒中(SOE)、不明原因型脑卒中(SUE)患者纳入观察组,将同期在我院接受体检的50例健康者纳入对照组,比较2组患者血清同型半胱氨酸的水平及异常例数。结果 (1)观察组患者的血清同型半胱氨酸水平高于对照组;(2)LAA组的同型半胱氨酸水平及同型半胱氨酸异常例数高于其余4组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且SAO组、CE组、SOE组、SUE组之间同型半胱氨酸水平及同型半胱氨酸异常例数无显著差异。结论缺血性脑卒中患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸水平异常升高,且以大动脉粥样硬化型脑卒中患者的升高最为明显。     

急性脑梗死患者的血小板活化、聚集状态及其临床意义

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者的血小板活化、聚集状态及其临床意义.方法 97例急性脑梗死患者按梗死体积和卒中类型分别分为小体积和中-大体积脑梗死亚组,大动脉粥样硬化性卒中(LAA)和小动脉闭塞性卒中(SAO)亚组.在脑梗死患者发病48 h内(治疗前)和病程第12 d,采用全血流式细胞术检测血小板CD62P表达,用比浊法检测花生四烯酸、二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板最大聚集率(MARAA,MARADP);并与正常对照者(n=99)比较.结果 脑梗死组发病48 h内血小板CD62P表达水平和MARAA、MARADP显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05 ～0.01),且发病第12 d比发病48 h内明显降低(均P＜0.01).中-大体积脑梗死亚组、LAA亚组的血小板CD62P表达和MARAA、MARADp分别显著高于小体积脑梗死亚组和SAO亚组(均P＜0.01).结论 急性脑梗死患者发病后血小板活化、聚集程度增高,脑梗死体积大、大血管病变的患者增高更明显.观察急性脑梗死患者的血小板活化、聚集状态,有助于对其病情的判断.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Relationship Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Age and IQ in Preschool and School-Age Children and Adolescents with Autism and with ADHD

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Relationships between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and age and IQ were investigated in children with autism and/or ADHD covering broader age and IQ...     

Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: LTP and beyond.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic activity is by far the most popular and widely researched model of synaptic plastic changes that might occur during learning. Numerous recent reports, however, have not found a correlation between the inducibility of LTP in the hippocampus and the ability of animals to learn hippocampus-dependent tasks. For example, some experiments with gene deletion (knockout) mice strains have shown that in some strains LTP is not inducible in the dentate gyrus, in area CA3, or CA1, but the animals are still able to learn spatial tasks. This apparent mismatch has rejuvenated the discussion concerning whether LTP is a good model for mechanisms that underlie memory formation in the nervous system. This review analyzes the conditions under which LTP is induced or learning takes place and suggests reasons for the mismatches that can occur and what we can learn from them. High-frequency stimulation protocols and in vitro assays cannot be seen to resemble natural firing patterns or conditions found in the brain. More physiological experimental conditions, especially in vivo recording in awake animals, could lead the way to the development of improved models of learning mechanisms that better correlate with learning abilities of animals.