手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术111例短期疗效分析

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜手术在结直肠癌根治术中的应用经验及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析111例手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料.结果 108例患者顺利完成手术.中转开腹率2.7%（3/111）;手术时间（155±45）min,术中出血量（129±80）ml;淋巴结清扫（12.6±5.8）枚;术后肠功能恢复时间（65.4±10.1）h,术后并发症发生率4.5%（5/111）;术后住院时间（9.6±2.2）d;随访时间（11.8±2.8）个月,未见肿瘤复发及穿刺孔种植转移.结论 手助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术在保留微创优势的同时降低了手术难度,安全可靠.     

13 年腹腔镜结直肠癌手术中转开腹原因分析

摘要 目的 总结13年腹腔镜结直肠癌手术中转开腹的相关因素和时机。方法 对1999年7月到2012年6月我院进行的1682例腹腔镜结直肠手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨其中转开腹的原因。结果 1585例顺利完成腹腔镜手术,中转开腹97例,中转开腹率5.77%,最常见的主要中转原因是周围脏器受累高达53.8%(49/91),最常见的发生部位是乙状结肠(24/91,26.4%)和直肠(19/91,20.9%)。腹腔镜组和中转开腹组在手术时间、术中出血量、肠功能恢复情况、术后平均住院日、切除淋巴结个数及术后并发症发生率等方面无统计学差异。结论 在腹腔镜结直肠癌手术中,必须熟练掌握中转开腹的指征,才能保证手术的顺利完成。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术中并发症的处理

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌手术术中常见并发症及其防治策略。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月—2010年8月腹腔镜结直肠癌手术87例的临床资料。结果:87例患者中,出现术中出血、术中肠破裂等并发症中转开腹患者15例,开腹后均顺利完成手术,术后恢复可,在7～14 d内顺利出院。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术中如出现并发症及异常情况时应及时中转开腹,以保证患者安全。     

腹腔镜乙状结、直肠癌根治术—操作技术路径研究（附60例病例）

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的操作技术路径。方法回顾性分析2008年12月至2010年6月应用STORZ腹腔镜系统行60例结直肠癌根治术临床资料。结果 60例无中转开腹,其中直肠癌根治术35例（包括miles术式5例）,直肠癌晚期姑息性乙状结肠造瘘2例,直肠腺瘤局部肠管切除1例,结肠癌根治术20例,结肠癌姑息性造瘘术1例,家族性结直肠息肉病并恶变行全大肠切除1例。平均出血15 mL。平均手术时间68 min（45~185min）。平均住院天数22.1 d。术后并发症：肠梗阻1例,为小肠坠入盆底引起,余无并发症发生。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术操作技术路径明确,手术安全,便于临床推广应用[1]。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术与传统根治术临床对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术的临床疗效。方法对2006年4月至2009年10月完成的21例腹腔镜结直肠癌病例（腹腔镜组）与同期有可比性的25例传统结直肠癌根治术病例（传统手术组）资料进行对比分析。结果腹腔镜组2例（9.5%）中转开腹。腹腔镜组的术中出血量、肠功能恢复时间、切口长度及住院时间均明显少于传统手术组（P〈0.05）。腹腔镜组住院总费用明显大于传统手术组（P〈0.05）。两组手术时间、手术切除的肿块大小和清扫淋巴结数目比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。手术并发症发生率分别为11.1%和28%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。随访时间4～30个月,两组局部复发率、转移率及术后病死率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术可以达到与传统结直肠癌根治术同样的根治效果,且创伤小,恢复快,是一项安全,可行的技术。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术并发症预防对策

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术并发症预防对策.方法 回顾113例腹腔镜结直肠癌手术临床资料,分析其并发症发生原因及预防对策.结果 总并发症发生率为15.9%,其中吻合口并发症占5.3%,血管脏器损伤4.4%,感染3.5%,其他2.7%;中转率2.7%,无死亡病例.结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌手术,做好术前评估、术前准备、术中暴露及术后处理等,配合术者丰富的手术经验与娴熟的腹腔镜技术,在一定程度上可以减少并发症的发生,其中娴熟的腹腔镜技术至关重要.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术术后早期炎症性肠梗阻的防治

目的 探讨腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术术后早期炎症性肠梗阻(early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction,EPIIO)的发生率、发病原因.方法 对照同期同一组医师连续实施的232例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与251例开腹结直肠癌根治术,比较术后早期肠梗阻发病率及防治差异.结果 LS组中转开腹14例,中转开腹率为5.69%(14/246);LS组术后EPIIO的发病率为3.02%(7/232),6例保守治愈,1例手术治愈,OS组术后EPIIO的发病牢为7.97%(20/251),18例保守治愈,2例手术治愈,且均行小肠排列术,两组EPIIO的发生率差异有统计学意义(x2=5.60,P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术可减少EPIIO的发生率;EPIIO应以保守治疗为主,当病情反复或出现肠绞窄表现时应及时手术治疗.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术在老年病人中的应用

目的探讨老年病人施行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术的可行性和安全性。方法2003年3月。2006年8月，我院共为142例70岁以上的老年病人施行结直肠癌根治切除术，其中腹腔镜手术75例，开腹手术67例，对两组临床疗效和并发症进行回顾性对比分析。结果腹腔镜组中转开腹手术4例，中转开腹率5．3％。腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组[（221．5±36．2）min vs（188．1±55．1）min，t=4．311，P=0．000]。两组均无切缘阳性病例，切除淋巴结数差异无显著性。腹腔镜组术后总的并发症发生率为5．3％（4／75），无围手术期死亡；而开腹组为25．4％（17／67），明显高于腹腔镜组（x^2=11．277，P=0．001），其中7例为较严重的心肺并发症，因肺炎死亡1例。两组术后住院时间和总费用差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术应用于老年病人安全可行，可以降低并发症发生率。     

早期开展腹腔镜胃癌手术的并发症分析

目的探讨早期开展腹腔镜胃癌手术出现的并发症及预防、治疗措施。方法回顾性分析2009年6月-2010年6月50例腹腔镜胃癌D2手术的临床资料,包括手术方式、中转开腹率、手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症等。腹腔镜下行D2淋巴清扫,上腹小切口切除标本并消化道重建。结果完成腹腔镜手术42例,无围手术期死亡,中转开腹率16%（8/50）。术中并发症发生率8%（4/50）,其中重要血管损伤引起出血3例,横结肠系膜损伤1例;术后早期并发症发生率14%（7/50）,其中腹腔内出血1例,十二指肠残端漏1例,残胃排空障碍3例,术后切口感染1例,支气管肺炎1例。结论掌握腔镜下特有的解剖层面,提高手术技巧,建立规范的操作步骤,加强团队配合,是防治腹腔镜胃癌手术并发症的关键。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术与开放手术远期疗效的对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的远期临床疗效.方法系统性回顾分析2008年1月至2011年1月5年间在本院行结直肠癌根治性手术的80例患者的临床资料,根据其手术方式分为腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组,每组40例,比较两组患者的一般资料、手术时间、手术出血量、淋巴结数目、肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症及术后无瘤生存率.结果腹腔镜组和开腹手术组相比较,出血量（120ml vs 150 ml）、肛门排气时间（3.5天vs 4.5天）、术后住院时间（13天 vs 15天）,腹腔镜组优于开腹手术组（P〈0.05）;两组手术时间（210分钟 vs 200分钟）、淋巴结数目（10 vs 9）及术后并发症发生率（22% vs 26%）差异无统计学意义;腹腔镜组术后5年无瘤生存率为60.5%,开腹手术组为50.5%,两组之间的差异无统计学意义.结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与开腹手术的远期疗效差异无统计学意义,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术有望成为结肠癌的手术治疗的标准术式,值得推广使用.     

Early results and complications of colorectal laparoscopic surgery and analysis of risk factors in 492 operated cases

This study aimed to evaluate the early results of colorectal laparoscopic surgery with special attention to surgical and medical complications. The risk factors of such surgery are also investigated on the basis of a large series of operated cases: the preoperative knowledge of such factors could guide the operative program and the postoperative treatment with reduction of complications and improvement of the outcome. Between 1998 and 2008, 492 patients had been submitted to colorectal laparoscopic surgery by the same team: 387 for cancer and 105 for benign disease. All colorectal surgical operations are included in the series. No selection of the patients was made: laparoscopy was performed in all cases accepting the procedure. Several risk factors have been analysed in cases of fistula (age, pathology sex, type of the operation, cancer stages, preoperative radiochemotherapy, stool diversion and team experience) and in cases of medical complications (age, pathology, cancer stages and type of operation). The overall results in this series of laparoscopic colorectal operated cases are similar to other results published at present by the main surgical Department all over the world; no mortality and low number of medical (2.4%) and surgical complications (9.3%), with no differences also with the best open surgery series. Complete or partial conversion to open surgery was required in few cases (1.2%) and same others (1.4%) were operated again for bleeding or sudden anastomotic leakage. Regarding the risk factors in such surgery, a good correlation has been discovered between anastomotic leakage and the team experience, the age over 70 of the patients, the rectal tumour site in man, the advanced tumour stages, the previous radiochemotherapy, while medical complications seem to depend on advanced patients age and advanced cancer stages. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery at present is going to be considered the gold standard in the large majority of colorectal diseases including all cancer stages in the preoperative balance and in the early postoperative follow-up a special attention is required to same risk factors like the advanced patients age, the extended cancers, the low positioned rectal tumours. Complications are more frequent at the beginning of the experience of the surgical team and if more than one risk factors coexist, but it do not represent contraindication to laparoscopic surgery.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术56例报告

目的:对比分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与传统根治术的临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2002年1月至2009年12月施行的56例腹腔镜和86例传统结直肠癌根治术的临床资料,对比分析其手术操作、并发症及术后情况等.结果:8例中转开腹,占14.3%.腹腔镜组平均住院时间多于开腹组 [(8.3±1.4)d vs.(5.2±1.6)d]....     

梗阻性结直肠癌导管减压后3D腹腔镜与开腹手术的疗效比较

目的:比较梗阻性结直肠癌导管减压后行3D腹腔镜与开腹根治术的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年5月—2013年6月96例行手术治疗的梗阻性结直肠癌患者资料,所有患者术前均行肠梗阻导管置入减压,然后50例行3D腹腔镜下行结直肠癌根治术3D(腹腔镜手术组),46例行传统开腹结直肠癌根治手术(开腹手术组),比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:两组患者术前资料具有可比性;腹腔镜手术组平均手术时间长于开腹手术组(5.9 h vs.5.2 h,P0.05),平均总住院费用高于开腹手术组(3.3万元vs.2.7万元,P0.05),但平均术后排气时间(2.4 d vs.3.0 d,P0.05)、留置尿管时间(2.7 d vs.3.9 d,P0.05)、住院时间(15.2 d vs.23.8 d,P0.05)均明显短于开腹手术组;两组患者术后吻合口瘘、切口感染、腹腔脓肿和肠梗阻发生率差异均无统计学差异(均P0.05);两组患者3年无瘤生存率无统计学差异(80.0%vs.82.6%,P=0.744)。结论:3D腹腔镜手术治疗导管减压后梗阻性结直肠癌术后恢复快,且围手术期并发症与预后方面与开腹手术相似,可作为梗阻性结直肠癌治疗的手术方式。     

同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症相关因素分析

目的:探讨同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症的相关影响因素及预防措施。方法:2009年6月至2018年6月解放军总医院普通外科行同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术的241例,统计并发症发生情况,分析影响因素,对危险因素进行评估分析。结果:241例行同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术的患者术后共42例发生并发症,发生率为17.4%。其中,吻合口瘘19例(7.9%),腹腔出血7例(2.9%),肠梗阻15例(6.2%),切口感染21例(8.7%),腹腔感染6例(2.5%),肺部感染3例(1.2%)。单因素分析结果显示,高龄、手术方式、术前合并症、原发肿瘤位置、术中失血量是腹同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的相关因素(P<0.05)。Logistit回归分析显示,影响同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的独立危险因素为高龄、术前合并症、手术出血量(P<0.05),腹腔镜手术则是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:吻合口瘘和出血是同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后常见并发症,高龄、术前合并疾病、手术出血量较多是同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的危险因素,而采取腹腔镜手术则可减少并发症的发生。     

腹腔镜和开腹结直肠癌根治术的远期疗效研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜和开腹结直肠癌根治术在远期疗效方面的差异。方法将1996年1月至2000年9月问215例需行结直肠癌根治术的患者根据本人意愿非随机地分为开腹组和腹腔镜组，对比两组患者术后的5年生存率、局部复发率和远处转移及远期并发症。结果开腹组128例，腹腔镜手术组87例；两组在年龄、性别、肿瘤分期方面差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。5年累计生存率开腹组70％，腹腔镜组78％，两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。开腹组局部复发33例，远处转移34例，切口种植2例，切口疝4例，粘连性肠梗阻30例；腹腔镜组局部复发20例，远处转移22例，切口种植1例，切口疝2例，粘连性肠梗阻11例。两组局部复发率、远处转移率、切口种植率和切口疝发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P值分别为0．641、0．505、1．00和1．00）；但腹腔镜组术后粘连性肠梗阻发生率较开腹组少（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术远期疗效与开腹手术相似，但术后远期并发症少，值得推广。     

腹腔镜联合辅助化疗及内镜治疗进展期结直肠癌合并腺瘤的应用研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗加二期内镜下治疗结直肠癌合并根治术切除范围外结直肠腺瘤的临床应用价值。方法：2005年1月-2010年6月对54例进展期结直肠癌合并根治术切除范围外结直肠腺瘤（〉1．0cm）的患者（研究组）行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗（FOLFOX4方案）加二期内镜下腺瘤切除的综合治疗,对同期396例单发进展期结直肠癌患者（对照组）行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗（FOLFOX4方案）。通过并发症发生率、长期随访等评价治疗效果。结果：2组患者在年龄、性别、手术方式、手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、平均住院时间、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期及1、3和5年存活率差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。研究组辅助化疗后对合并腺瘤进行内镜下切除治疗,4例出血经保守治疗后成功止血,未发生穿孔、狭窄等严重并发症;3例患者术后病理组织学检查为腺瘤癌变,其中2例癌变局限于腺瘤中,1例癌细胞侵犯达黏膜下层,该例患者再次行腹腔镜下切除,术后随访无复发。结论：腹腔镜联合辅助化疗及内镜为合并结直肠癌根治术切除范围外腺瘤的患者提供了一种安全有效的微创治疗方法,值得临床推厂和应用。     

Severe postoperative complications in colorectal surgery for cancer. Incidence related to the techniques employed: open versus laparoscopic colectomy

In this preliminary retrospective study, severe postoperative complications following surgery for colorectal cancer were analysed, comparing the results obtained with open versus laparoscopic colectomy. Over the period 2005-2007, 50 patients (29 female, 21 male; age range: 32-85 years) underwent surgical treatment for colorectal-anal cancer. Twenty-nine (58%) were submitted to the traditional open technique and 21 (42%) to the laparoscopic technique. No mortality occurred with either technique. None of the cases submitted to laparoscopy presented anastomotic dehiscence or severe intraoperative bleeding. In the group submitted to open surgery, 3 cases of severe complications occurred (10.3%), consisting in acute faecal peritonitis due to immediate dehiscence of the colorectal anastomosis; angulation of the intestinal loop with microdehiscence of the ileo-colic anastomosis; and pulmonary embolism. In the group submitted to laparoscopic surgery, 2 cases of severe complications occurred (9.5%), consisting in enterorrhagia due to haemoperitoneum; and intrafascial haematoma due to haemorrhage of the epigastric artery. The overall complication rate was 10%, corresponding to the minimum values reported in the literature. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of these complications with the two methods employed. A very low incidence of minor complications was observed, limited to repercussions on the postoperative course. Furthermore, the laparoscopic technique led to early canalisation, a reduction in hospital stay, less need of drugs (antibiotics and pain killers) and better aesthetic results. The advantages obtained with the laparoscopic technique, with no significant differences in severe complications, indicate that this approach is preferable to the traditional technique in colorectal surgery for cancer.     

The learning curve in laparoscopic resections of the colon and rectum: results and considerations

A well-designed learning curve is essential for the success of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results and characteristics of the learning curve in laparoscopic colorectal surgery beginning with benign diseases and eventually going on to include colonic resections for cancer. A total of 60 laparoscopic resections were performed. In the first 33 cases only benign diseases (diverticular disease and polyps) were treated. The next 27 cases included resections for cancer, initially with the following exclusion criteria: obesity, previous abdominal surgery, emergency surgery for occlusion, voluminous tumours or infiltration of surrounding organs. Since January 2002 the only applicable exclusion criteria for laparoscopic resection have been emergency surgery for occlusion and invasion of adjacent organs. The following procedures were performed: 29 left hemicolectomies, 19 sigmoid resections, 7 segmentary resections, 3 abdomino-perineal resections and 2 right hemicolectomies. The conversion rate was 11.6%. The mean length of the segment removed was 21.5 cm. The mean number of lymph nodes harvested (for cancer) was 22.3. Major complications were observed in 3.3% and minor complications in 13.3%. The operative time decreased from a mean of 207 minutes to a mean of 170 minutes in the last group of 20 patients. Laparoscopic resections are safe and give the patient the opportunity to make a rapid recovery with less pain and a better outcome. We suggest performing laparoscopic colorectal resections initially for benign diseases (diverticular disease and polyps). This is needed in order to hone the technique. Resections for cancer can be undertaken only when the surgical team can guarantee an oncologically correct procedure in terms of lymphadenectomy, intraabdominal manipulation and extraction of the diseased segment from the abdomen.     

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery using low-pressure pneumoperitoneum combined with abdominal wall lift by placement of anchoring sutures around the camera port

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. METHODS: The authors designed low-pressure (8 mmHg) laparoscopy combined with abdominal wall lift simply by placement of anchoring sutures around the camera port. RESULTS: The operative indications were 176 colon cancers, 297 rectal cancers, and 45 benign diseases. The average blood loss was 92 ml (range, 20-1200 ml), and the mean operating time was 204 min (range, 23-525 min). Conversion to an open procedure was required in eight cases (1.5%). Two patients experienced intraoperative complications. The mean number of removed lymph nodes was 28.9 in the colon cancer cases and 23.1 in the rectal cancer cases. The mean length of resected specimen was 27.3 cm (range, 8.5-136 cm). Postoperatively, cardiopulmonary complications developed in five patients (0.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal wall lifting by anchoring sutures around the camera port in addition to low-pressure pneumoperitoneum is a simple, safe, and effective method for laparoscopic colorectal procedure.     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌根治术后患者疼痛反应及细胞免疫水平的差异分析

目的分析腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术与常规开腹术后患者疼痛反应及细胞免疫水平的差异。 方法回顾性分析2014年6月至2016年12月60例结直肠癌患者,根据治疗方法分为腹腔镜组(32例)和开腹组(28例)。腹腔镜组行腹腔镜辅助结肠癌根治术,开腹组行常规开腹术。采用SPSS20.0软件进行统计学分析,术中术后各项指标和T细胞亚群水平等以( ±s)表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症发生率等组间比较采用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。 结果腹腔镜组的术后出血量、术后引流时间、进食时间、住院时间均低于开腹组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜组术后VAS评分及镇痛药使用次数均低于开腹组(P<0.05);术后,腹腔镜组的CD3^＋、CD4^＋水平高于开腹组(P<0.05);术后并发症发生率腹腔镜组为6.25%(2/32)低于开腹组32.14%(9/28),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论在结直肠癌手术治疗上,腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术对患者术中创伤小及并发症发生风险低,且有效缓解患者的疼痛症状和免疫应激反应,有利于患者的术后恢复,值得临床上应用及推广。