Personal changes,dispositional optimism,and psychological adjustment to bone marrow transplantation

We investigated the number and direction of personal changes experienced by long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and the relationships of those changes and dispositional optimism to psychological adjustment (current and future life satisfaction and mood). Surveys were returned by 86.0% (N=135) of all eligible long-term survivors; respondents primarily were young males who were 6 to 149 months post-BMT. Subjects reported more positive changes in the relationship and existential/psychological domains and more negative changes in the physical health domain; there was no difference on the plans/activities domain. Negative changes were more strongly related to adjustment than were positive changes. The number of negative changes reported was significantly related to current and future life satisfaction and negative mood after controlling for demographic and illness variables and dispositional optimism. The interaction term for negative and positive changes was significantly related to future life satisfaction after controlling for all other variables.This research was supported by a Biomedical Research Support Grant (No. 16-88) from The Johns Hopkins University and by grants from the American Cancer Society (PBR-40) and the National Cancer Institute (CA49218).     

Ethnic differences in satisfaction and quality of life in veterans with ischemic heart disease

OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in self-reported health status and satisfaction between African-American and caucasian veterans with ischemic heart disease (IHD). DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: African-American and caucasian patients enrolled in General Internal Medicine clinics at six Veteran Affairs Medical Centers. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline survey data from the Ambulatory Care Quality Improvement Project (ACQUIP). Patients who responded to an initial health-screening questionnaire were sent follow-up surveys, which included the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Health Survey (SF-36), the Seattle Outpatient Satisfaction Questionnaire (SOSQ), and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Of the 44,965 patients approached, 27,977 (62%) returned the baseline survey, of which 10,385 patients reported IHD and were sent the SAQ. Of those, 7,985 patients (84% caucasian, 16% African-American) responded. Caucasian respondents tended to be older, married, nonsmokers, with annual incomes over dollar 10,000, and had higher educational attainment than African Americans. African-American patients reported significantly fewer cardiac procedures (33% vs. 52%, p < 0.001) but were more likely to have diabetes (37% vs. 28%, p < 0.001) and hypertension (81% vs. 68%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, clinic site, and site-ethnicity interactions, SF-36 scores for physical function, role physical, bodily pain, and vitality were greater for African Americans than caucasians, while adjusted scores were significantly lower for role emotional. However, because of the site-ethnicity interaction, scores varied significantly by site. For the SAQ, overall adjusted physical function summary scores and disease stability scores were significantly greater for African Americans than caucasians. Adjusted summary satisfaction scores for provider satisfaction were not significantly lower for African Americans overall but were significant at two of six sites. Similarly, on the SAQ, adjusted treatment satisfaction scores were significantly lower for African Americans at half of the sites and minimally but not clinically significant overall. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a higher prevalence of cardiac risk factors, African-American patients with CAD who were treated in the VA system appeared to have a greater level of physical functioning, vitality, and angina stability. After adjustment for confounding demographic variables, however, these differences were not consistently significant at all geographic locations. This suggests that many other sociodemographic variables, in addition to ethnicity, influence apparent discrepancies in quality of life, satisfaction, and angina.     

高考复读生生存质量及其影响因素研究

目的了解高考复读生的生存质量状况及其影响因素。方法采用世界卫生组织生存质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对280名高考复读生进行调查。结果高考复读生生存质量自评总分为(78.31±11.79),在心理、社会和环境各领域的得分均高于大学生(t=6.860,4.006,7.477,P0.001)。女生在社会领域得分上高于男生(t=-3.311,P=0.001);有高考明确目标的学生在心理领域得分上高于无明确高考目标的学生(t=-3.919,P0.001);因自身愿望而复读的学生在心理领域得分上高于因外界原因而复读的学生(t=2.792,P=0.006);是否独生子女和文理分科不同的复读生在生存质量各领域得分上均无显著差异。相关分析显示,高考复读生生存质量及各领域得分与其对目前学习的满意程度(r=0.192～0.453,P0.01)、对目前生活的满意程度(r=0.167～0.296,P0.01)存在显著的相关;回归分析显示,高考复读生对目前学习、生活满意程度,父、母亲文化程度和家庭经济状况是影响生存质量及各领域得分的重要因素。结论高考复读生的生存质量较好,有关的人口社会学因素对其生存质量有一定影响。     

心理资本对农村中小学教师生活满意度的影响

目的:探讨农村中小学教师压力困扰在心理资本与生活满意度之间的中介作用。方法:采用问卷法对444名农村中小学教师的心理资本、压力困扰和生活满意度3个量表进行调查。结果:(1)心理资本与生活满意度之间存在显著正相关(r=0.29,P0.01);(2)心理资本与压力困扰(r=-0.40,P0.01)、压力困扰与生活满意度(r=-0.26,P0.01)之间均存在显著负相关;(3)农村中小学教师压力困扰在心理资本与生活满意度的关系中起着部分中介作用。结论:心理资本不仅会直接地影响农村中小学教师生活满意度,而且还通过压力困扰产生间接性影响。     

玉树地震后幸存者的创伤后应激症状、生活满意度与积极情感/消极情感

目的:了解玉树震后幸存者的创伤后应激症状和生活满意度状况及其与积极情感/消极情感的关系。方法:在地震后3.5个月,对玉树地震灾区505名幸存者采用自编一般情况调查表和创伤后应激障碍检查量表平民版(PCL-C)、霍氏症状核查表(HSCL-25)、积极情感/消极情感量表(PANAS)、生活满意度量表(SWLS)进行评估。结果:PCL-C得分显示创伤后应激症状的阳性率为32.7%;HSCL-25得分显示焦虑症状的阳性率为53.3%,抑郁症状的阳性率为47.1%。女性、藏族、低文化水平幸存者有较高的创伤后应激症状阳性率(均P0.05)。回归分析显示,PANAS的NA得分与PCL-C得分、HSCL-25的焦虑和抑郁症状量表得分正相关(β=0.59、0.62、0.59,P0.05),与SWLS得分负相关(β=-0.15,P0.05);PANAS的PA得分与HSCL-25的焦虑量表得分负相关(β=-0.18,P0.05),与抑郁量表、SWLS得分正相关(β=0.10、0.38,P0.05)。年龄与PCL-C、SWLS得分正相关(β=0.10、0.12,P0.05)。女性的PCL-C和焦虑量表得分较高(β=0.11、0.11,P0.05),藏族人群SWLS得分较高(β=0.16,P0.05)。结论:玉树灾后幸存者的消极情感可能是发生创伤后应激症状的危险因素,且对幸存者的生活满意度有消极影响。积极情感有助于减轻焦虑症状并提高生活满意度。     

老人主观幸福感的社会性因素

目的：在于探讨香港高龄老人主观幸福感的社会性因素。方法：受访者（Ｎ＝５５４）均龄为７７０岁,教育水平偏低,曾受小学或以上教育的不超过１７％。男性占总样本量的４８％。资料的收集过程以个别面谈和问卷的方式进行,并以自评的生活满足感、抑郁症状、以及身体健康作为主观幸福感的指标,采用多元回归分析。结果：自评身体健康状况与人口特征（性别、教育）有较显著的关系。相对的,生活满足感以及抑郁症状则与社会网络,尤其是家庭网络和互依关系有更显著的相关。研究结果的讨论与西方学者的发现作了比较     

生活事件与社会资源对留守儿童生活满意度的影响

目的:了解留守儿童生活满意度基本情况,探讨社会资源在生活事件对留守儿童满意度影响中的调节作用,为进一步提升留守儿童心理健康教育提供依据。方法:采用自编一般情况调查表、学生总体生活满意度(SLSS)、青少年自评生活事件量表(ASLEC)和自编青少年社会资源量表对湖南某市农村地区两所中学的1313名11~17(13.66±4.72)岁留守儿童开展调查。结果:(1)留守儿童的受惩罚和其他生活事件两个因子在性别方面有显著差异;(2)单留守儿童(父母一方外出务工)生活满意度得分显著高于双留守儿童(父母双方外出务工)(t=5.32,P0.001);(3)生活事件、社会资源和满意度之间两两显著相关(P0.01);(4)社会资源与生活事件的交互作用能解释生活满意度水平方差变异的0.5%(F=4.43,P0.05),社会资源在生活事件与满意度之间调节效应显著。结论:生活事件对留守儿童满意度有影响,社会资源在其中起到调节保护作用。     

Positive and negative religious coping,depressive symptoms,and quality of life in people with HIV

The present study examined the relationships of positive and negative types of religious coping with depression and quality of life, and the mediating role of benefit finding in the link between religious coping and psychological outcomes among 198 individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The results of multiple hierarchical analyses revealed that negative religious coping was significantly associated with a high level of depressive symptoms and a low level of quality of life, controlling for demographic and clinical variables. On the other hand, positive religious coping was significantly associated with positive domains of outcome measures such as positive affect and life satisfaction, but not with overall depressive symptoms or quality of life. Tests of mediation analyses showed that benefit finding fully mediated the relationship between positive religious coping and the positive sub-domains of psychological outcomes. The importance of investigating both positive and negative types of religious coping in their relationships with psychological adaptation in people with HIV was discussed, as well as the significance of benefit finding in understanding the link between religious coping and psychological outcomes.     

Quality of life and patients' satisfaction in chronic urticaria and respiratory allergy

BACKGROUND: Few articles are available about chronic urticaria (CU) impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). The aim of our study was to evaluate QoL in CU patients both focusing on health status and subjective satisfaction. We adopted two generic tools: SF-36 (an health status questionnaire) and SAT-P (a satisfaction profile). METHODS: Twenty-one untreated patients (five males, 16 females; aged 46.3 +/- 12.4) affected by CU, were enrolled. SF-36 and SAT-P scores of CU patients were compared with scores of a group of 27 patients with respiratory allergy. Published reference values of 608 and 241 Italian healthy subjects were used as controls, respectively, for SF-36 and SAT-P. RESULTS: Patients with CU compared with allergic patients referred significantly lower scores in physical functioning (P = 0.046), role physical (P = 0.01), bodily pain (P = 0.0001), general health (P = 0.0043) and role emotional (P = 0.04), and compared with reference sample reported lower scores in all SF-36 domains (P < 0.0001). SAT-P scores of CU patients compared with patients with respiratory allergy and with reference sample were significantly lower in many aspects of daily life. CONCLUSIONS: These results show a significant impact on health status and on subjective satisfaction in patients with CU: the symptoms affect everyday life, limiting and impairing physical and emotional functioning, and acts as an indirect burden on life satisfaction.     

本科护生情绪智力、领悟社会支持对主观幸福感的影响

目的:探讨本科护生情绪智力、领悟社会支持对主观幸福感的影响作用。方法:对蚌埠医学院和皖南医学院958名本科护生采用情绪智力量表、领悟社会支持量表和主观幸福感量表进行问卷调查。结果:1本科女护生生活满意度和积极情感得分高于本科男护生,但本科男护生消极情感得分显著高于本科女护生(t=4.01,P0.01);本科护生在生活满意度和积极情感得分从一年级至四年级逐渐递增,不同年级的本科护生在生活满意度(F=11.78,P0.01)、积极情感(F=12.32,P0.01)、消极情感上有差异(F=11.26,P0.01);2情绪智力、领悟社会支持、生活满意度以及积极情感两两之间呈显著正相关(r=0.27~0.58,P0.01),情绪智力、领悟社会支持、生活满意度、积极情感与消极情感存在显著的负相关(r=-0.33~-0.38,P0.01);3领悟社会支持是情绪智力与生活满意度、积极情感、消极情感之间的中介变量,领悟社会支持在情绪智力对主观幸福感的影响中起部分中介作用。结论:1本科护生主观幸福感较好,心理健康状况良好;2本科护生通过合理感知、调节、控制和运用情绪去解决实际问题、拥有更好的人际交往,最终增加幸福感体验。     

DEMOGRAPHIC GROUP DIFFERENCES IN DOMAIN‐SPECIFIC WELL‐BEING

Although research is available on group differences for overall well‐being, little research has explored group differences for domain‐specific well‐being. Therefore, we examined differences in overall and domain‐specific well‐being across several demographic variables: gender, income, marital status, age, ethnicity, education level, employment status, occupation, and housing tenure. We analyzed data from 1,087 participants on the I COPPE Scale, which provides scores for overall, interpersonal, community, occupational, physical, psychological, and economic well‐being. Group differences were found across multiple domains with small to large effect sizes. While there were no gender differences, compared with those in the same demographic variable, higher income earners, married, elderly, Hispanic, educated, white‐collar professionals, and homeowners reported the highest levels of well‐being. The unemployed reported the lowest level of well‐being on all but one of the domains–the interpersonal domain. Findings suggest people report different levels of well‐being based on their unique demographic and life circumstances.     

Libido and orgasm in middle-aged woman

OBJECTIVES: Determine which social, demographic and sexual function variables that most influence libido or desire and orgasm domains in the premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of 231 Colombian-born women, aged 40-62 years. The sexual function was measured by self-questionnaire. The analysis was performed by using the chi2-test and multivariate regression analysis. The sexual function was divided in five domains: desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, pain; additionally satisfaction was included. RESULTS: The women with a higher level of education and with a good perception of their satisfaction with their partners, reported better performance in the desire. Age and the non existence of sexual partner influenced in a negative way on the desire. In sexual active women the orgasm was negatively influenced by low satisfaction scores, lack of emotional closeness with their partners and low educational level. High scores in lubrication and desire were associated with a good performance in the orgasm. The hormone therapy (HT) was associated with better scores in orgasm. CONCLUSIONS: Age, level of education, the presence or lack of sexual partner, degree of satisfaction with emotional closeness with the partner and adequate lubrication, influence the desire and orgasm domains in a significant way. By identifying these associations we can then perform some inexpensive interventions. Improving lubrication for menopausal women. Including men in educational activities to sensitize them toward women's feelings. Organizing educational campaigns for middle-aged women to demystify that sexuality is only for young people.     

Spousal relations and well‐being: A comparative analysis of Jewish and Arab dual‐earner families in Israel

The study examined differences in division of household tasks and spousal support among a sample of educated dual‐earner families from two national groups in Israel: Jews (n = 116), and Arabs (n = 163). The contribution of the spousal interaction variables (household roles and spousal support) toward explaining two dimensions of psychological well‐being (burnout and life satisfaction) was also examined. The research findings indicate that in general, the Arabs maintain a more traditional orientation toward gender roles than their Jewish counterparts. Arab men showed a greater tendency to perform outside tasks than their Jewish counterparts who participate more in domestic chores. By contrast, no differences were found between the two groups with regard to the mutual support provided by spouses. Gender role attitudes were found to be a key predictor of the two psychological well‐being dimensions in both national groups. Regarding sex differences, men of both nationalities were more likely than women to report that they perform all types of household tasks. Concomitantly, the women reported higher levels of burnout, while no differences between the sexes were found with respect to life satisfaction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Predictors of Response to Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy With High-Intensity Face-to-Face Therapist Guidance for Depression: A Bayesian Analysis

Background

Several studies have demonstrated the effect of guided Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for depression. However, ICBT is not suitable for all depressed patients and there is a considerable level of nonresponse. Research on predictors and moderators of outcome in ICBT is inconclusive.

Objective

This paper explored predictors of response to an intervention combining the Web-based program MoodGYM and face-to-face therapist guidance in a sample of primary care patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms.

Methods

Participants (N=106) aged between 18 and 65 years were recruited from primary care and randomly allocated to a treatment condition or to a delayed treatment condition. The intervention included the Norwegian version of the MoodGYM program, face-to-face guidance from a psychologist, and reminder emails. In this paper, data from the treatment phase of the 2 groups was merged to increase the sample size (n=82). Outcome was improvement in depressive symptoms during treatment as assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Predictors included demographic variables, severity variables (eg, number of depressive episodes and pretreatment depression and anxiety severity), cognitive variables (eg, dysfunctional thinking), module completion, and treatment expectancy and motivation. Using Bayesian analysis, predictors of response were explored with a latent-class approach and by analyzing whether predictors affected the slope of response.

Results

A 2-class model distinguished well between responders (74%, 61/82) and nonresponders (26%, 21/82). Our results indicate that having had more depressive episodes, being married or cohabiting, and scoring higher on a measure of life satisfaction had high odds for positively affecting the probability of response. Higher levels of dysfunctional thinking had high odds for a negative effect on the probability of responding. Prediction of the slope of response yielded largely similar results. Bayes factors indicated substantial evidence that being married or cohabiting predicted a more positive treatment response. The effects of life satisfaction and number of depressive episodes were more uncertain. There was substantial evidence that several variables were unrelated to treatment response, including gender, age, and pretreatment symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

Treatment response to ICBT with face-to-face guidance may be comparable across varying levels of depressive severity and irrespective of the presence and severity of comorbid anxiety. Being married or cohabiting, reporting higher life satisfaction, and having had more depressive episodes may predict a more favorable response, whereas higher levels of dysfunctional thinking may be a predictor of poorer response. More studies exploring predictors and moderators of Internet-based treatments are needed to inform for whom this treatment is most effective.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number: ACTRN12610000257066; https://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?id=335255 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6GR48iZH4).     

医护人员工作压力与生活满意度关系及情绪劳动的调节作用

目的:探讨医护人员工作压力对其生活满意度的影响及情绪劳动的调节作用。方法:采用PPS量表、SWLS量表及情绪劳动量表对黑龙江省6家三甲医院318名医护人员进行问卷调查。结果:(1)医护人员的工作压力与生活满意度呈现负相关(r=-0.479,P0.01);表层扮演与生活满意度呈现负相关(r=-0.241,P0.01);深层扮演与生活满意度呈现正相关(r=-0.241,P0.01);(2)工作压力与情绪劳动两个维度的交互项均对生活满意度的回归效果达到显著水平(β=-0.060,0.51;P0.001),医护人员的工作压力与情绪劳动两个维度的交互项均对生活满意度有显著的预测作用(F=12.69,14.34;P0.001)。结论:医护人员工作压力和情绪劳动对生活满意度有重要影响,情绪劳动在工作压力和生活满意度之间起调节作用。     

社区人群生活质量研究—年龄差异及其影响因素

本文为社区人群生活质量系列研究之一，重点介绍生活质量的年龄差异。通过对湖南省４８００户城乡家庭的生活质量调查，发现随着年龄的增加，躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活条件的客观状态呈下降趋势；但上述方面的主观生活满意度除７５岁以上的老人较低外，其余受试随着年龄增加而满意度较好。这种主、客观生活质量评估的不一致性主要与个体的评价标准、需求重点等中介因素有关。进一步分析表明，青年人的总体生活满意度主要受物质生活条件的影响，中年人主要与社会功能状态有关，老年人则与躯体健康有关。因此，作者认为，研究生活质量既要从躯体、心理、社会功能、物质生活条件多维评定，也要同时测量客观状态与主观满意度两个方面，才能得出较为全面的结论。     

引导式训练对精神病患者生活及心理状态影响研究

目的研究引导式教育训练对精神分裂症患者生活质量及心理状态的影响。方法 60例住院精神分裂症患者,随机分为两组。在训练后对两组病人进行生活质量评定量表(SQLS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)的评定。结果两组患者之间的生活质量改善存在显著性差异,参加引导式教育训练的患者生活质量高于未参加训练的患者;在心理卫生自评量表的评定中,两组患者训练前各因子分均值无统计学意义(t=0.319,0.235,0.207,1.407,0.173,0.756,0.787,0.031,0.413,1.779;P>0.05),经过3个月治疗后,参加引导式教育训练的训练组与对照组的各因子分均值变化有着显著性差异(t=1.344,17.355,4.966,5.847,5.559,8.324,2.357,5.391,5.248,3.899;P<0.05或<0.01)。结论加强引导式教育训练对改善住院精神分裂症患者的生活质量和心理健康状态有显著效果,对提高患者生活满意度有着积极作用。     

小学教师生活、工作满意度与职业枯竭的关系

目的调查小学教师的职业枯竭及其与工作、生活满意度的关系。方法应用《中小学教师职业枯竭量表》及满意度五点量表对960名小学教师进行调查。结果①小学教师职业枯竭特点表现为：认知枯竭程度随着年龄的增长而增加；成就感随年龄的增长而增加；②在近郊，女教师的工作、生活满意度显著高于男教师；③满意度与职业枯竭存在显著相关且对职业枯竭有显著的预测作用。结论人口学变量及工作、生活满意度与小学教师的职业枯竭有显著的关系。     

中美两国中学生生活满意度的跨文化研究

目的：比较分析中美两国中学生生活满意度的差异。方法：采用“多维学生生活满意度量表”(MSLSS)对872名中、美两国的中学生进行测查。结果：(1)中国中学生的朋友、学校和一般生活满意度高于美国中学生，差异具有统计学显著性；(2)中国7、8、9三个年级学生的学校和一般生活满意度均高于美国同年级学生，差异具有统计学显著性；(3)美国男生生活环境的满意度高于中国男生，中国男生的自我满意度高于美国男生，美国女生的自我满意度高于中国女生，差异均具有统计学显著性；(4)中、美中学生的生活满意度都在各自国家内存在统计学意义的年级差异。均表现为7年级学生在存在差异维度上的满意度高于本国其他年级的学生；(5)中、美中学生的生活满意都在各自国家内存在统计学意义的性别差异，两国均表现为女生在存在差异维度上的满意度高于本国男生。结论：中美两国中学生的生活满意度存在差异，社会文化背景是影响青少年生活满意度的重要因素。     

Marital norm,reality and satisfaction in middle-aged couples: why are wives less satisfied than husbands?

The purpose of this study was to investigate recent changes in marital norm and reality in middle-aged couples, and how marital reality, as perceived by oneself, was associated with their demographic variables, as well as their marital satisfaction. A questionnaire was administered, and 277 pairs of middle-aged, nuclear-family couples participated. Main findings were as follows. First, factor analysis of marital reality variables extracted three factors: love each other, respect for the husband's life style, and respect for wife's life style. Second, concerning the wife's education and income, 'respect for the wife's life style' was highest among highly educated double income couples. Third, 'love each other' was the most important predictor of marital satisfaction for both husbands and wives. Finally, 'respect for the husband's the life style' was associated with husband's satisfaction, while that for the wife's was not with wife's marital satisfaction.