血浆B型尿钠肽对急性肺栓塞患者的预后价值探讨

目的:探讨B型尿钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)对急性肺栓塞患者的预后价值。方法:以本院98例急性肺栓塞患者为研究对象,定量检测血浆BNP水平,随访至出院后6个月,分析BNP水平变化与急性肺栓塞患者危险分层和预后的关系,患者所有临床数据资料均应用SPSS19.0软件进行统计学分析处理。结果:与BNP水平正常的患者相比,BNP升高的患者发生休克、低氧血症等不良临床事件及死亡的比例明显升高。ROC曲线分析表明:血浆BNP水平<226.5ng/L的急性肺栓塞患者的生存率明显高于血浆BNP水平>226.5ng/L的患者(P=0.000)。结论:检测急性肺栓塞患者血浆BNP能在患者入院早期阶段较准确地预测患者的不良预后,有利于患者的危险分层以及指导进一步的治疗决策。     

心脏生物标志物联合肺栓塞严重程度指数对急性肺栓塞症诊断及危险分层的研究

目的检测急性肺栓塞（APE）患者血浆中B型钠尿肽（BNP）和肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）的浓度,研究肺栓塞严重程度指数（PESI）、cTnI、BNP对APE诊断及预后的预测价值。方法选取2010年1月-2013年1月确诊的共96例APE患者,同时选取同期非APE对照者50例。对入选者进行肺栓塞严重指数（PESI）评分,据分值大小分为低危组、中危组、高危组;根据cTnI与BNP结果分组为阳性组及阴性组。分析PESI、cTnI和BNP在APE患者诊断与危险分层的预测价值。结果 APE患者中低危、中危与高危各组大面积、次大面积APE构成比随组别增高而升高（P〈0.01）;cTnI阳性组大面积、次大面积APE占82.9%,cTnI阴性组非大面积APE占81.9%;BNP阳性组大面积、次大面积APE占73.3%,BNP阴性组非大面积APE占86.3%。cTnI、BNP阳性组右心功能不全、心源性休克及死亡的发生率明显高于阴性组（P〈0.01）。结论联合检测cTnI、BNP结合PESI评分在APE的诊断和危险分层中具有重要意义。     

脑钠肽预测非心脏手术术后不良心血管事件发生的Meta分析

目的系统评价脑钠肽在预测非心脏手术术后发生不良心血管事件的有效性及准确性。方法计算机检索e Cochrane Library、PubMed、Ovid、EMbase、CBM、WanFang Data和CNKI,并手工检索相关杂志以及纳入文献的参考文献,检索时限均为2000年至2011年。由2位评价者按照纳入与排除标准独立选择相关队列研究,提取资料和评价质量后,采用RevMan5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入11个队列研究,共3 649例患者。Meta分析结果显示:术前脑钠肽(BNP)水平高于节点的增高组患者术后不良心血管事件发生率高于术前BNP水平低于节点的非增高组患者,其差异有统计学意义[OR=27.54,95%CI(17.49,43.35),P<0.000 01],而且N末端脑钠肽原(NT-proBNP)的结果与BNP一致[OR=19.53,95%CI(13.54,28.17),P<0.000 01]。结论术前BNP和NT-proBNP检测可用于预测非心脏手术患者术后发生心血管不良事件的风险。受纳入研究质量限制,本研究结论尚需今后开展更多高质量的相关研究验证。     

D-二聚体联合N-末端前体脑钠肽对急性脑梗死早期诊断的价值及预后的相关性

<正>动脉粥样硬化的发病率逐年上升,导致急性脑梗死的发病率也逐年上升~([1,2])。N-末端前体脑钠肽(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)与脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)是等摩尔释放,心功能受损时NT-proBNP与BNP同时增高。NT-proBNP分子量明显较BNP大且稳定性好,在定量分析时,测定值比BNP高10倍以上,并且测     

氨基末端B型利钠肽前体与D-二聚体和肌钙蛋白I在急性肺栓塞患者中的应用价值

目的探讨氨基末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)与D-二聚体(D-Dimer)和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)在急性肺栓塞(APE)患者中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析145例经肺动脉CT血管造影确诊的APE患者,同时行超声心动图、NT-proBNP、cTnI、D-Dimer检查,排除可能影响NT-proBNP、cTnI、D-Dimer浓度的疾病。根据肺栓塞危险分层分为高危组、中高危组、中低危组、低危组。结果血浆NT-proBNP浓度在高危组、中高危组、中低危组均显著高于低危组(P<0.05),NT-proBNP与肺栓塞危险分层呈正相关(r=0.618,P<0.05),单独检测可用于预测右心室功能不全,最佳截断值为1305 ng/L,敏感性和特异性分别为69.2%和69.9%(AUC=0.751,95%CI:0.672~0.819,P<0.05)。D-Dimer浓度在高危组、中高危组、中低危组与低危组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),D-Dimer浓度与危险分层无相关性(r=0.078,P>0.05),预测右心室功能不全的效能较差(AUC=0.569,95%CI:0.485~0.651,P>0.05)。cTnI浓度在高危组、中高危组、中低危组均高于低危组(P<0.05),与危险分层呈正相关(r=0.303,P<0.05),预测右心室功能不全的最佳截断值为0.20μg/L,敏感性和特异性分别为82.7%和40.9%(AUC=0.655,95%CI:0.571~0.732,P<0.05)。联合检测NT-proBNP、cTnI预测右心室功能不全(RVD)效能优于单独检测(AUC=0.778,95%CI:0.701~0.842,P<0.05)。结论血浆NT-proBNP、cTnI水平随着危险分层增加而升高,对于鉴别APE患者是否合并RVD有一定价值,可用于肺栓塞患者的危险分层、预后判断。D-Dimer浓度与肺栓塞危险分层无相关性,预测RVD效能较差。     

慢性完全闭塞病变经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后N端B型钠尿肽前体的变化

N端B型钠尿肽前体(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)主要由心室合成和分泌,是同B型钠尿肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)等摩尔分泌的无活性激素片段,它的升高可准确反映左心室充盈压,并可反映患者的预后.     

联合检测RDW、UA、BNP、TNI对急性肺栓塞患者危险分层及预后评估的临床意义

目的:探讨红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、尿酸(UA)、B型钠尿肽(BNP)、心肌钙蛋白I(TNI)联合检测对急性肺栓塞(APE)患者危险分层及预后评估的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析我院58例APE患者的临床资料,根据2011年美国肺栓塞诊治指南中有关诊断标准将患者分为三组:大面积肺栓塞组(A组,10例),次大面积肺栓塞组(B组,23例),非大面积肺栓塞组(C组,25例)。分析RDW、UA、BNP、TNI与患者危险分层及预后的关系。结果:A组及B组患者的RDW、UA、BNP、TNI水平较C组明显升高;A组患者的RDW、UA、BNP、TNI水平也明显高于B组,各组间相比有显著性差异,P0.05。结论:APE患者中,RDW、UA、BNP、TNI水平越高,患者的危险分层越高,病情越重,临床不良事件发生率越高。     

N-末端脑钠肽前体联合超声心动图对急性肺栓塞患者预后的评估

目的明确N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)联合超声心动图在急性肺栓塞(APE)患者预后评估中的价值。方法收集2005年1月至2011年5月收治的48例急性肺栓塞患者的临床资料,分别分为死亡组与存活组,高NT-proBNP组与低NT-proBNP组,高肺动脉收缩压(PASP)组与低PASP组;分别比较两组间一般指标、肾功能、NT-proBNP值、PASP值、大面积APE发生率以及死亡率的差异。结果各组间性别、年龄以及肾功能指标均无统计学差异(P>0.05);死亡组大面积APE发生率、PASP及NT-proBNP均明显高于存活组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高NT-proBNP组大面积APE发生率及死亡率均明显高于低NT-proBNP组(P<0.05);高PASP组大面积APE发生率及死亡率均明显高于低PASP组(P<0.05);相关分析显示PASP与NT-proBNP两者呈显著正相关(r=0.423,P<0.01)。结论 NT-proBNP联合超声心动图对APE患者预后的评估有较大价值。     

老年原发性高血压患者早期血浆NT-proBNP检查对预防急性心力衰竭发作的应用价值

目的研究老年原发性高血压患者早期血浆N末端脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)检查对预防急性心力衰竭发作的应用价值。方法选取2014年12月至2015年11月该院收治的83例高血压患者为研究对象,将其中49例合并急性心力衰竭的患者纳入观察组,另外34例未合并急性心力衰竭的高血压患者纳入对照组。比较2组研究对象血浆B型钠利尿肽(BNP)、NTproBNP及左室射血分数(LVEF)水平,对高血压合并急性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP、NT-proBNP与LVEF相关性进行分析。结果观察组的血浆BNP、NT-proBNP水平[(62.13±3.24)pg/mL、(824.32±82.14)pg/mL]显著高于对照组[(29.43±1.32)pg/mL、(71.43±6.46)pg/mL],LVEF水平[(50.15±5.14)%]显著低于对照组[(66.25±6.04)%],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。高血压合并急性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP、NT-proBNP和LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.38、-0.67,P0.05)。结论血浆NT-proBNP能较好地预防老年原发性高血压患者急性心力衰竭的发作,具有重要临床应用价值。     

B型尿钠肽在急性肺栓塞早期病情诊断中的意义

目的探讨B型尿钠肽（BNP）在急性肺栓塞（APE）患者病情预测的作用及意义。方法对98例诊断为APE患者进行了临床回顾性研究,根据有无右心功能障碍分为两组及有无并发症分为两组,比较两组间BNP等相关指标间的差异。结果 BNP水平在右心功能障碍、有并发症患者中明显升高,与右心功能正常以及无并发症患者比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。BNP与右心功能RV-RA PG行线性相关分析,两组间有较好的相关性。结论 BNP在APE患者的早期诊疗中,对预测患者右心衰的发生及病情的严重程度和预后有着积极的临床意义。     

B-type natriuretic peptide in acute pulmonary embolism

Myocardial stretch leads to the natriuretic peptides release in acute or chronic left ventricular dysfunction. However, there is an accumulating evidence that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) may originate from right ventricle and their concentrations are elevated in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) especially when resulting in right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). Recently it is underlined that severity assessment of APE as well as the risk stratification and therapy selection is based both on patients' hemodynamic status and markers of myocardial injury and RVD. BNP and NT-proBNP are helpful in identifying patients with RVD in APE, emerging as an adjunctive tool to echocardiography. Elevated BNP or NT-proBNP levels are also significant predictors of death and/or complicated clinical course in APE.     

Atrial natriuretic peptides: diagnostic and therapeutic potential

The natriuretic family consists out of three molecules that share significant amino acid sequence homologies and a looped motif. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are similar in their abilities to promote natriuresis and diuresis, to inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosteroneaxis and to act as vasodilators. The understanding concerning the actions of the C-type natriuretic peptide is incomplete, but this new family member acts as a vasodilator. Plasma levels of ANP and BNP are elevated in patients with unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, and with congestive heart failure. BNP may be superior to ANP as a prognosticator for risk stratification after myocardial infarction and is independent of left ventricular ejection fraction. ANP and BNP have little therapeutic potential while experimental work as well as clinical trials suggest that the inhibition of the catabolism of natriuretic peptides in particular in combination with ACE-inhibitors may be clinically beneficial.     

超声心动图联合脑钠肽检测评价急性肺栓塞溶栓治疗效果

目的 探讨超声心动图联合血浆脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)检测在急性肺栓塞(acute pulmonary embolism,APE)溶栓治疗中的价值.方法 确诊APE且超声提示有右心压力超负荷征象患者31例进行溶栓治疗,分别在溶栓前和溶栓后24～48 h行超声、肺通气-灌注显像检查及BNP检测.结果 26例溶栓有效,溶栓后其肺动脉收缩压由(57.3±18.2)mm Hg降至(40.4±15.4)mm Hg(P=0.003),右室舒张末径由(40.6±6.1)mm减小为(35.4±6.0)mm(P＜0.01),肺动脉内径由(27.2±4.9)mm减小为(22.5±4.4)mm(P=0.004),左室舒张末径由(42.4±7.2)mm增加为(43.1±6.9)mm(P=0.42),室间隔矛盾运动者由20例减少为10例,血浆BNP由(278.8±43.3)ng/L下降为(119.1±40.4)ng/L(P=0.000 01).5例溶栓无效,溶栓前后超声心动图各参数无明显变化,但血浆BNP由(431.8±57.7)ng/L增加为(496.4±70.3)ng/L(P=0.03).血浆BNP水平与肺动脉收缩压有较好相关关系(r=0.62,P＜0.01).结论 溶栓治疗能迅速改善APE患者的肺灌注和右心功能.超声联合BNP水平检测可敏感地反映溶栓治疗中的血流动力学变化,准确评价疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the value of combined echocardiography and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) treated by thrombolysis.Methods Echocardiography,pulmonary ventilation-perfusion imaging and plasma BNP levels were performed before thrombolysis and 24 - 48 h after thrombolysis in 31 patients with diagnosis of APE and signs of right ventricular pressure overload.Results Twenty-six patients with thrombolysis effective,after thrombolysis,the pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased from (57.3 ± 18.2)mm Hg to (40.4 ± 15.4)mm Hg (P= 0.003) ,the right ventricular diastolic diameter reduced from (40.6 ± 6.1)mm to (35.4 ± 6.0)mm (P ＜0.01) ,the pulmonary artery diameter reduced from (27.2 ± 4.9)mm to (22.5 ± 4.4)mm (P = 0.004) ,the left ventricular diastolic diameter increased from (42.4 ± 7.2)mm to (43.1 ± 6.9)mm (P = 0.42),septal contradiction were reduced from 20 cases to 10 cases (P = 0.02),plasma BNP levels decreased from (278.8 ± 43.3)ng/L to (119.1 ± 40.4)ng/L (P = 0.000 01).Five patients with thrombolysis ineffective,there were no significant changes before and after thrombolytic therapy in the parameters of echocardiography,however,plasma BNP levels increased from (431.8 ± 57.7) ng/L to (496.4 ± 70.3) ng/L(P = 0.03).Plasma BNP levels and pulmonary artery systolic pressure had a better relationship(r = 0.62,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The pulmonary perfusion and right ventricular function in patients with APE can be rapidly improved by thrombolytic therapy.Combined echocardiography and the BNP levels is a sensitive index in the hemodynamic changes of thrombolytic therapy,and can evaluate the treatment accurately.     

B-type natriuretic peptide: diagnostic and therapeutic applications in infants and children

The natriuretic peptide system plays an active role in the regulation of fluid balance and systemic vascular resistance. Peptides of the natriuretic system produced through recombinant DNA technology are now available for clinical use including both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Assays of BNP are available and may be used for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes in various clinical scenarios. The basic physiology of the natriuretic peptide system is presented, applications of BNP monitoring as a diagnostic tool are reviewed, and reports regarding the use of recombinant BNP in the pediatric population are discussed.     

Urodilatin and four cardiac hormones decrease human renal carcinoma cell numbers

BACKGROUND: Mortality from renal-cell cancer remains a significant problem with an estimated 12,600 deaths in the United States in 2005 even with current treatment(s) of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy. Four cardiac natriuretic peptides, that is, atrial natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide and kaliuretic peptide have significant anti-cancer effects in breast, pancreatic, prostate and colon adenocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These four peptide hormones plus brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) and urodilatin, a peptide hormone formed in the kidney by a different post-translational processing of the atrial natriuretic peptide prohormone, were evaluated for their anti-cancer effects in renal carcinomas. RESULTS: Dose-response curves revealed a significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in human renal carcinoma cells with each 10-fold increase in concentration from 1 microm to 100 microm of five of these peptide hormones. There was an 81%, 74%, 66%, 70% and 70% elimination within 24 h in renal carcinoma cells secondary to vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, urodilatin, atrial natriuretic peptide and long-acting natriuretic peptide, respectively (P < 0.0001 for each), whereas BNP had no effect and CNP decreased renal cancer cell number by 10% (P = 0.04) at their 100 microm concentrations. Three days after treatment with these peptide hormones, the cancer cells began to proliferate again. The four cardiac hormones and urodilatin decreased DNA synthesis from 65-84% (P < 0.00001), whereas BNP and CNP decreased DNA synthesis 3% and 12% (both non-significant). Western blots revealed for the first time natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR)-A, -B and -C were present in the renal cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that urodilatin and the four cardiac hormones have potent anti-cancer effects by eliminating up to 81% of renal carcinoma cells within 24 h of treatment.     

Implications of the natriuretic peptide system in the pathogenesis of heart failure: diagnostic and therapeutic importance

The natriuretic peptide family consists of at least 3 structurally similar peptides: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Under normal conditions, ANP is synthesized by the atrium and released in response to atrial stretch. This peptide plays an important role in sodium and water homeostasis and is involved in cardiovascular function. In contrast, BNP is synthesized primarily by the ventricles, and its circulatory concentrations are significantly elevated in profound congestive heart failure (CHF). While both plasma levels of ANP and BNP have been found to be increased in patients with various heart diseases, the elevation in circulatory BNP correlates better than ANP with the severity of CHF. Therefore, plasma BNP has been suggested (and lately used) to aid in the accurate diagnosis of heart failure in patients admitted to the emergency room with symptoms of decompensated heart failure. Furthermore, circulatory BNP has been utilized as a prognostic marker in CHF as well as a hormone guide in the evaluation of the efficacy of the conventional treatment of this disease state. In light of the cardiovascular and renal effects of BNP, which most likely exceed those of ANP, the former has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with acute severe CHF. Intravenous infusion of BNP into patients with sustained ventricular dysfunction causes a balanced arterial and venous vasodilatation that has been shown to result in rapid reduction in ventricular filling pressure and reversal of heart failure symptoms, such as dyspnea and acute hemodynamic abnormalities. Thus, the goal of this article is to review the physiology and pathophysiology of natriuretic peptides and the potential use of their circulating levels for diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.     

Autocrine and paracrine actions of natriuretic peptides in the heart

The natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), are a family of polypeptide mediators exerting numerous actions in cardiovascular homeostasis. ANP and BNP are cardiac derived, being secreted and up-regulated in myocardium in response to many pathophysiological stimuli. CNP is an endothelium-derived mediator. The classical endocrine effects of ANP and BNP on fluid homeostasis and blood pressure, especially in conditions characterised by left ventricular dysfunction, are well recognised and extensively researched. However, there is accumulating evidence that, in addition to endocrine actions, ANP and BNP exhibit important autocrine and paracrine functions within the heart and coronary circulation. These include regulation of myocyte growth, inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, a cytoprotective anti-ischaemic (preconditioning-like) function, and influences on coronary endothelium and vascular smooth muscle proliferation and contractility. Most if not all of these actions can be ascribed to particulate guanylyl cyclase activation because the ANP/BNP receptor, natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A, has an intracellular guanylyl cyclase domain. Subsequent elevation of the intracellular second messenger cGMP may exert diverse physiological effects through activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGK), predominantly cGK-I. However, there appear to be other contributory mechanisms in several of these actions, including the augmentation of nitric oxide synthesis. These diverse actions may represent counterregulatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases, not just those typified by left ventricular dysfunction. Ultimately, insights from the autocrine/paracrine actions of natriuretic peptides may provide routes to therapeutic application in cardiac diseases of natriuretic peptides and drugs that modify their availability.