羊水过少对围生儿的影响分析

目的：探讨羊水过少的相关因素及围生儿的预后,提高围生儿的出生质量。方法：采用回顾性分析方法,对妊娠晚期羊水过少（观察组）100例与羊水正常（对照组）100例进行对比分析,比较各组孕妇的并发症、剖宫产率和围生儿的结局。结果：羊水过少与脐带异常、过期妊娠、宫内生长迟缓、妊高征、胎儿畸形等妊娠并发症关系密切：观察组的剖宫产率为54．0％,明显高于对照组的27．0％;观察组胎儿宫内窘迫和吸入性肺炎率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）;两组羊水粪染、新生儿窒息、脐带绕颈差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：妊娠晚期羊水过少是胎儿宫内慢性低氧的标志．对围生儿预后有严重影响,加强产前监测、及时剖宫产是处理妊娠晚期羊水过少及降低围生儿死亡率的有效方法。     

过期妊娠并羊水过少对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨过期妊娠并羊水过少对孕产妇及围生儿的影响。方法过期妊娠合并羊水过少孕妇48例作为观察组,选择同期正常足月妊娠48例作为对照组,比较两组间妊娠并发症、分娩情况、围产儿结局的差异。结果观察组妊娠高血压疾病发病率、糖耐量受损发生率、胎儿生长受限发生率均高于对照组（均P〈0．05）;观察组产程、产后出血量、剖宫产率等与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;观察组胎儿宫内窘迫、吸入性肺炎、窒息、羊水胎粪Ⅱ-Ⅲ度污染、死亡等发生率明显高于对照组（均P〈0．05）;观察组围生儿Apgar评分明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论过期妊娠并羊水过少对母儿有不良影响,应尽快终止妊娠。     

126例羊水过少对母婴影响的探讨

目的探讨羊水过少与妊娠并发症的关系和对围生儿及母体的影响,寻找合适的诊断和处理方法,以降低围产儿的病死率。方法收集我院2005年6月-2008年4月住院治疗的羊水过少孕妇126例为观察组,随机抽取同期分娩的羊水量正常孕妇126例作为对照组,两组病例就妊娠并发症、围产儿情况及对母体的影响进行比较。结果观察组胎儿生长受限（FGR）、妊娠期高血压疾病、过期妊娠的发生率均较对照组高,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水粪染、新生儿窒息及吸入性肺炎的发生率也明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论羊水过少严重威胁围产儿生命,与妊娠并发症关系密切,可作为许多妊娠并发症及围产儿不良结局的危险信号。     

羊水过少118例临床分析

目的探讨羊水过少与产妇孕周、妊娠并发症、胎儿预后及分娩方式之间的关系。方法回顾性分析本院近年来收治的118例羊水过少产妇的临床资料。结果孕周越大,羊水过少发生率越高;羊水过少组与对照组的妊娠并发症经统计学分析P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义;羊水过少组与对照组的新生儿预后经χ2检验,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义;两组的剖宫产人数经,检验,P〈0．01,差异有统计学意义。结论对确诊的羊水过少的高危孕妇应积极采取恰当的分娩方式,及时终止妊娠,提高围生儿预后。     

晚期妊娠羊水过少198例临床分析

目的探讨羊水过少的病因及相关因素,寻找正确的处理方法,以降低围产儿病死率。方法收集我院近1年共198例晚期妊娠羊水过少孕妇作为研究组,随机抽取同期羊水量正常孕妇198例作为对照组,两组年龄、孕周、孕产次、体重指数等方面差异均无显著性。对羊水过少出现的妊娠并发症、围产儿情况及分娩方式进行分析。结果研究组妊娠期高血压疾病、胎儿生长受限、胎儿畸形、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、剖宫产的发生率等均明显高于对照组,差异均有显著性（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。结论羊水过少严重威胁围产儿的生命安全,发现羊水过少应及时处理,产程中严密监护,适时剖宫产,以降低围产儿病死率。     

羊水过少分娩方式的选择及其对妊娠结局的影响研究

目的探究羊水过少时分娩方式的选择及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取2011年12月－2013年12月收治的羊水过少孕妇88例,按照综合检查采取分娩方式的不同分为试验组和对照组各44例。试验组采用剖宫产方式,对照组采用经阴道分娩方式。并对比分析两组围生儿胎儿窘迫、羊水污染、吸入性肺炎、新生儿窒息及死亡的情况。结果对照组发生胎儿宫内窘迫、羊水污染及新生儿窒息等并发症的发生率均高于试验组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;且羊水越多越能减少新生儿各种并发症的发生率,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论妊娠晚期羊水过少孕妇采用剖宫产法分娩能有效减少围生儿并发症的发生率。     

妊娠晚期羊水过少对妊娠结局及分娩方式的影响

目的探讨妊娠晚期羊水过少对妊娠结局及分娩方式的影响。方法回顾性分析在本院住院分娩的96例妊娠晚期羊水过少孕妇,选取同期足月妊娠孕妇90例作为对照组,比较两组妊娠合并症、分娩方式及围生儿结局情况。结果羊水过少组妊娠高血压综合征、过期妊娠、羊水胎粪Ⅱ～Ⅲ度污染发生率及产后出血量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,且剖宫产率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。羊水过少组围生儿异常发生率为41.7%,对照组为8.9%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。羊水过少组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、吸入性肺炎发生率均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论羊水过少严重威胁母婴安全,加强围生期保健,定期产前检查,适时选择正确的分娩方式,有助于改善围生儿预后。     

羊水过少172例临床分析

目的探讨羊水过少对围生儿的影响,寻找正确的处理方法,降低围生儿病死率。方法对我院2008年1月至2009年4月住院治疗的羊水过少孕妇172例例羊水过少孕妇的临床资料进行回顾性分析,随机抽取同期分娩的羊水量正常孕妇172例为对照组,两组病例就妊娠并发症、围产儿情况进行比较。结果羊水过少组胎儿生长受限（FGR）、妊娠高血压综合征（简称妊高征,PIH）、过期妊娠、胎儿畸形的发生率均较对照组高,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）,胎儿窘迫、羊水粪染、新生儿窒息、剖宫产率也明显升高（P〈0.01）。结论羊水过少是胎儿窘迫的敏感指标,孕40周后应加强产前监护,确诊羊水过少后应适时剖宫产终止妊娠,改善围生儿预后,剖宫产是重度羊水过少孕妇分娩方式的最佳选择。     

足月妊娠羊水过少88例临床分析

目的探讨足月妊娠羊水过少对围生儿及母体的影响。方法选择2012年4月至2013年4月收治并确诊的88例足月妊娠羊水过少孕妇作为观察组。同期住院的93例足月妊娠羊水正常孕妇作为对照组。观察两组孕妇分娩和围生儿结局情况。结果观察组孕妇顺产率（21．59％,19／88）低于对照组（72．04％,67／93）,而剖宫产率（57．95％,51／88）明显高于对照组（16．13％,15,93）。差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;观察组孕妇发生围生儿羊水污染、新生儿窒息及胎儿发育迟缓情况（分别为2841％、25／88,22．73％、20／88,11．36％、10／88）高于对照组（分别为11．83％、11／93,9．68％、9／93,2．15％、2／931,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论足月妊娠羊水过少孕妇具有顺产率低、剖宫产率高的特点,且围生儿羊水污染、新生儿窒息、胎儿畸形及发育迟缓等发生率明显上升,应给予早期处理、早期干预和治疗。     

足月妊娠合并羊水过少的临床观察

目的探讨足月妊娠合并羊水过少对母婴结局的影响，进一步指导临床。方法选取2010年8月～2013年8月在本院进行住院分娩合并羊水过少的80例产妇作为观察组，与同期羊水正常足月妊娠分娩的80例产妇作为对照组，观察两组产妇分娩方式和其并发症。结果观察组的剖宫产率和阴道助产率明显高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05），自然分娩明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；而产后出血、新生儿窒息、胎儿窘迫以及胎儿发育不良等情况明显高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论羊水过少增加了分娩并发症的发生率，选择合适的妊娠分娩方式决定着产妇和新生儿的预后。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.