褪黑素对免疫性肝损伤小鼠自由基和细胞因子的影响

目的　研究褪黑素对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法　在诱导BCG +LPS免疫性肝损伤模型的基础上 ,用分光光度法检测血浆中ALT、AST、NO水平和肝匀浆MDA、SOD含量 ;L92 9细胞株法检测血浆中TNF α的生物学活性 ;胸腺细胞增殖法测定血浆中IL 1活性。结果　在BCG+LPS诱导的免疫性肝损伤中 ,褪黑素 (0 2 5 ,1,4mg·kg-1)ig预防给药均明显降低免疫性肝损伤小鼠增高的血浆ALT、AST活性 ,且以 1mg·kg-1的剂量作用最明显 ;并能减少肝匀浆MDA含量 ,使降低的肝匀浆SOD活性升高 ,抑制免疫性肝损伤小鼠血浆NO、TNF α和IL 1的升高。结论　褪黑素对小鼠免疫性肝损伤具保护作用     

肝复康胶囊对四氯化碳所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究肝复康胶囊对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用.方法 将肝复康胶囊灌胃给予小鼠,腹腔注射四氯化碳所致肝损伤小鼠,用半自动生化分析仪测小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,以比色分析法测定肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性.结果 肝复康胶囊(0.9、1.8、3.6 g·kg-1·d-1)均可显著降低四氯化碳致肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST活性,也能明显降低肝脏MDA含量和提高肝匀浆SOD和GSH-Px活性.结论 肝复康胶囊对小鼠急性肝损伤有一定保护作用,其保护作用机制可能与清除自由基,抗脂质过氧化作用有关.     

蛇黄肝炎汤对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究蛇黄肝炎汤对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:采用四氯化碳(CCl4)复制小鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察蛇黄肝炎汤对小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性和肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。电镜下观察小鼠肝脏形态学。结果:蛇黄肝炎汤60、40g·kg-1剂量下可显著降低急性肝损伤模型小鼠血清中ALT、AST活性和肝组织匀浆中MDA含量,升高肝组织匀浆中SOD活性。同时,HE染色结果显示蛇黄肝炎汤能明显减轻肝脏的病理损伤。结论:蛇黄肝炎汤对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤模型具有保护作用。     

五味子藤茎中木脂素对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨五味子藤茎中木脂素对四氯化碳（CCl4）致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤模型,观察五味子藤茎中木脂素对小鼠血清ALT、AST活性及肝组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平的影响,同时观察肝组织病理学改变。结果：五味子藤茎中木脂素能明显降低血清ALT、AST水平,降低肝匀浆MDA的含量,提高SOD、GSH-Px活力,肝脏病理损伤有明显改善。高剂量组抗肝损伤作用与联苯双酯阳性对照组相当。结论：五味子藤茎中木脂素对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,其作用机制与其抗氧化作用有关。     

彩虹明樱蛤多糖对小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究彩虹明樱蛤多糖(MIP)对CCl4致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用。方法 MIP对小鼠连续腹腔注射7 d,以0.1%CCl4橄榄油溶液经腹腔注射,建立小鼠急性化学性肝损伤模型,测定给药后模型小鼠肝指数,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,测定肝组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的活性及观察肝脏病理学变化。结果 MIP中、高剂量组(80,160 mg/kg)均能显著降低CCl4致急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST活性(P<0.01),降低肝脏MDA含量(P<0.01),增强SOD和GSH活力(P<0.01或0.05),并能明显改善肝组织的病理学损伤,但对肝指数无明显影响。结论 MIP对CCl4致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤有保护作用。     

小檗碱对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用研究

目的:研究小檗碱对四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:选用昆明种小鼠,均分为6组,即正常、模型、联苯双酯和小檗碱高、中、低剂量(40、20、10mg.kg-1)组。连续灌胃给药5d后腹腔注射0.1%CCl4(10mL.kg-1)致小鼠急性肝损伤,测定小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性,肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与模型组比较,小檗碱各剂量组均能显著降低小鼠血清ALT和AST活性(P<0.05或P<0.01),升高小鼠肝脏SOD活性(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:小檗碱对CCl4所致的小鼠急性肝脏损伤有保护作用,其机制与提高小鼠的抗氧化能力有关。     

恩施富硒藤茶水提液对四氯化碳致急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的 观察恩施富硒藤茶水提液对四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的影响。方法用腹腔注射CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定不同剂量的恩施富硒藤茶水提液对肝损伤血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性、肝中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、肝中丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。结果恩施富硒藤茶水提液具有剂量依赖性地降低CCl4致小鼠肝损伤血清ALT、AST值升高,降低肝组织匀浆中MDA的含量,增强SOD的活性（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论恩施富硒藤茶水提液对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

巴马火麻仁总木脂素酰胺类提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究广西巴马产火麻仁中提取分离获得的火麻仁总木脂素酰胺类提取物(LFC)对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法昆明种小鼠,以LFC低、中、高(60、120、180 mg·kg-1)剂量连续给药7 d后,分别采用腹腔注射0.1%CCl4的橄榄油溶液(10 mL·kg-1)建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,16 h后,杀鼠取材,分别检测小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,光学显微镜下观察肝组织病理学变化。结果 CCl4模型组肝功能明显异常,ALT、AST显著升高,肝组织变性、坏死严重。经LFC预防性治疗后,血清中ALT、AST活性显著降低(P<0.01)、肝组织中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01),SOD活力增加;肝脏组织学观察证实,LFC能明显改变受损组织的病理学变化。结论 LFC对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤均具有较好的保护作用。     

银杏叶提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：研究银杏叶提取物对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：随机分为正常对照组、四氯化碳（CCl4）致肝损伤模型组和银杏叶提取物给药组,采用灌胃方式给药,观察银杏叶提取物对血清GPT、肝组织MDA和SOD活性的影响。结果：银杏叶提取物能够明显降低CCl4致急性肝损伤小鼠血清GPT、肝组织MDA含量（P〈0．01）,提高SOD活性（P〈0．05）。结论：银杏叶提取物对肝损伤具有保护作用。     

灯盏乙素对异烟肼和利福平合用致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:观察灯盏乙素对异烟肼(INH)和利福平(RFP)合用致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用.方法:小鼠每天同时灌胃RFP和INH各100 mg·kg-1,2 h后灌胃灯盏乙素50,100,200 mg·kg-1,qd,连续给药10 d,末次给药16 h后,取血和各器官组织,测定肝、脾和胸腺指数、血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的活性、肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)以及一氧化氮(NO)的含量.结果:灯盏乙素能显著降低RFP和INH合用致肝损伤小鼠的肝指数、血清ALT和AST活性、肝匀浆中的MDA和NO含量,并能显著提高肝匀浆中的SOD和GSH-Px活性.结论:灯盏乙素对RFP和INH合用致小鼠肝损伤具有明显的保护作用,可能与其抗脂质过氧化及调节体内NO水平有关.     

卡马西平联用尼美舒利相关粒细胞缺乏症

1例78岁男性患者因带状疱疹神经痛、慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并感染,给予头孢唑肟钠（2.25 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、卡马西平（0.2 g口服,2次/d）、尼美舒利（100 mg口服,2次/d）、二羟丙茶碱（0.5 g静脉滴注,1次/d）、甲钴胺（0.5 mg口服,3次/d）、地塞米松（5 mg,静脉滴注1次）、盐酸哌替啶（25 mg,肌内注射1次）和盐酸布桂嗪（100 mg,肌内注射3次）等药物治疗。第7天,停用头孢唑肟钠,改为磷霉素钠（8 g静脉滴注,1次/d）。第11天,血常规检查示白细胞计数1.6×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.03,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.9×10^9/L。立即停用所有药物,给予对症支持治疗。第15天,外周血白细胞计数0.9×10^9/L,中性粒细胞0.02,中性粒细胞绝对值0.1×10^9/L,淋巴细胞绝对值0.7×10^9/L。行骨髓穿刺检查,诊断为粒细胞缺乏症。第17天患者出现右肺气胸、肺不张。第20天出现急性呼吸衰竭、多脏器衰竭合并重症感染,经抢救无效死亡。     

颅脑损伤患者并发肺部感染的护理体会

目的：为了使并发肺部感染的病人更多、更好、更早的痊愈。方法：通过对32例颅脑外伤并发肺部感染病人的严密观察,采取更换体位、超声雾化、有效排痰训练等有效的护理措施干预,从而控制了肺部感染。结果：痊愈17例,占53.1%;显效12例,占37.5%,无效2例,占6.2%;死亡1例,占3.1%;实践证明,有效的护理干预对提高患者治疗成功率有着重要意义。     

Satisfaction with information and its relationship with adherence in patients with chronic pain

□ Due to the nature of chronic pain it would be expected that patients are highly adherent to their pain medication. However, results from this study have shown that 23 per cent of patients often or always avoid using their pain medication, 13.4 per cent often or always alter dosages, and 10.3 per cent often or always stop taking their medication for a while. This suggests intentional non‐adherence to pain medication □ Less than 50 per cent of respondents were satisfied with information provided on side effects, what to do if side effects occur, and possible interactions with other medication □ Patients' satisfaction with information about their medication was related to self‐reported adherence; greater satisfaction was associated with higher self‐reported adherence     

Genomic profiling associated with recurrence in patients with rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation

PURPOSE: Stage II and III adenocarcinoma of the rectum has an overall 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%, and tumor recurrence remains a major problem despite an improvement in local control through chemotherapy and radiation. The efficacy of chemoradiation therapy may be significantly compromised as a result of interindividual variations in clinical response and host toxicity. Therefore, it is imperative to identify those patients who will benefit from chemoradiation therapy and those who will develop recurrent disease. In this study, we tested whether a specific pattern of 21 polymorphisms in 18 genes involved in the critical pathways of cancer progression (i.e., drug metabolism, tumor microenvironment, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair) will predict the risk of tumor recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 patients with Stage II or III rectal cancer treated with chemoradiation were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques for 21 polymorphisms. RESULTS: A polymorphism in interleukin (IL)-8 was individually associated with risk of recurrence. Classification and regression tree analysis of all polymorphisms and clinical variables developed a risk tree including the following variables: node status, IL-8, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4. CONCLUSION: Genomic profiling may help to identify patients who are at high risk for developing tumor recurrence, and those who are more likely to benefit from chemoradiation therapy. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these preliminary data using germline polymorphisms on tumor recurrences in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation.     

甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病62例

目的用甘草酸单铵结合低能量氦-氖激光,观察治疗银屑病患者。方法62例寻常型银屑病患者,分为两组,A组用低能量氦-氖激光血管内照射,同时用甘草酸单铵静脉滴注,共36例;B组仅用甘草酸单铵,共26例。通过30d治疗。结果总有效率82.2%,其中A组有效率88.9%,B组73.1%(经Ridit检验,U＝2.76,P＜0.01),两组差异有极显著性意义。结论甘草酸单铵结合氦-氖激光治疗银屑病,比单用甘草酸单铵效果好。     

A fetus with meckel-gruber syndrome associated with isomerism

Abstract. Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is an autosomal recessive lethal malformation. As far as we know, the rate of incidence for the syndrome is 0.02 per 10,000 births. It is estimated that Meckel-Gruber syndrome accounts for 5% of all neural tube defects in Finland. Objective. The aim of this study is to present a case of a fetus with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism. Method. The fetus was obtained after medical interruption of the pregnancy during the fifteenth gestational week. The mother was 36 years old and in a consanguineous marriage. The antenatal ultrasound examination revealed a polymalformative syndrome, leading to a postmortem examination. The fetopathological study of the fetus was conducted at the Centre for Maternity and Neonatology, Tunis, Tunisia, in 2008. Results. The female fetus had a significantly deformed ballooning abdomen, pes equinovarus, flexion of the wrist and a total posterior cleft palate. The central nervous system abnormalities were occipital encephalocele, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, agenesis of corpus callosum and hydrocephalus. The study of the internal organs found dextrocardia, irregular lobulation of the lungs, left isomerism, and polysplenia. The microscopic examination revealed bilateral cystic dilation of the kidneys, fibrous proliferation of the liver and ectasic dilatation of the billiary ducts, representing a ductal plate malformation of the liver. Conclusion. The case is diagnosed with Meckel-Gruber syndrome associated with complete left isomerism, cleft palate and possibly Dandy-Walker syndrome.