先天性鼻泪管阻塞泪道探通最佳时机的探讨

目的评估先天性鼻泪管阻塞最佳手术探通时机。方法随机选择眼科门诊2009年1月至2010年9月1057例(1232只眼)先天性鼻泪管阻塞病例。根据年龄分为A组(<1个月),B组(1～3个月),C组(3～6个月),D组(≥6个月)4组进行观察,所有患儿均在局麻下采用泪道冲洗探通针一次性完成泪道探通手术,手术前后使用生理盐水行泪道冲洗1～2 d,术后予妥布霉素滴眼液滴眼,对于术后泪道不通患儿手术1周复行泪道再次探通,2次探通失败者手术后1个月后再行泪道探通术。治愈标准为无溢泪,无分泌物,泪道冲洗通畅。术后仍然流泪,伴分泌物,泪道冲洗不畅为无效。结果 A组、B组、C组、D组1次治愈率分别为100%、93.3%、82.6%、66.7%,4组比较,患儿年龄越小,手术探通治愈率越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论先天性鼻泪管阻塞,年龄越小手术治愈率越高,出生后3个月内为最佳探通治疗时机。     

鼻内镜下鼻泪管阻塞激光疏通术的远期疗效观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻泪管阻塞的有效治疗方法。方法用带针芯的泪道套管针按常规泪道插管术,自上泪点插至鼻泪管阻塞处,拔出针芯,输入磷酸钛氧钾激光导光纤维,发射激光,气化疏通泪道。鼻内镜直视下,同期处理引起鼻泪管阻塞的鼻腔、鼻窦原发病变。结果各种原因所致的鼻泪管阻塞139例(158只眼),其中单纯泪管阻塞96例(107只眼)、慢性泪囊炎33例(39只眼)、泪道置管术后再阻塞10例(12只眼)。一次性手术成功137只眼,治愈率86.7%。结论鼻内镜下激光泪道疏通术治疗鼻泪管阻塞,可同期处理引起鼻泪管阻塞的鼻腔、鼻窦原发疾病。对提高远期疗效有独特优点,方法简便,适应证广,组织损伤小,面部无瘢痕,有推广运用价值。     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞探通手术的护理体会

目的　探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞探通手术的方法和护理。方法　 5 8例 (66眼 )中 ,男 3 4例 (3 8眼 ) ;女 2 4例 (2 8眼 ) ,年龄 5 0天～ 2岁 ,平均 (1.1± 0 .5 )岁。手术方法 :表麻后 ,扩张下泪点 ,用冲洗式探针由下泪点进针行探通术 ,至鼻泪管下端阻塞处刺破隔膜进入鼻腔。结果　 66眼中治愈 63眼 ,治愈率 95 .45 %。结论　先天性鼻泪管阻塞合并泪囊炎采用冲洗式泪道探通术是一种简单有效的治疗方法。     

泪道激光联合泪道插管治疗各型泪道阻塞的疗效观察

目的 评价Nd:YAG激光联合泪道插管治疗泪道阻塞的疗效.方法 对415例(450只眼)泪道阻塞患者均采用Nd:YAC激光联合泪道插管手术治疗.结果 术后随访6个月以上,单纯泪点闭锁10只眼,治愈10只眼,治愈率100%;单纯泪小管阻塞147只眼,治愈126只眼,好转12只眼,无效9只眼,有效率93.88%;单纯泪总管阻塞158只眼,治愈137只眼,好转10只眼,无效11只眼,有效率93.04%;鼻泪管阻塞42只眼,治愈32只眼,好转6只眼,无效4只眼,有效率90.48%;泪点和泪小管阻塞7只眼,治愈5只眼,好转2只眼,有效率100.00%;泪小管和泪总管阻塞86只眼,治愈72只眼,好转5只眼,无效9只眼,有效率89.53%.结论 泪道激光联合泪道插管治疗泪道阻塞具有无痛苦、损伤小和疗效好等特点,值得推广.     

逆行鼻泪管插管术联合泪道冲洗治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的 评价逆行鼻泪管插管术联合泪道冲洗治疗鼻泪管阻塞的疗效,探讨影响手术预后的因素.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象鼻泪管阻塞患者186例(207眼).方法 对泪囊碘油造影确诊鼻泪管阻塞患者,采用泪道探通及逆行扩张鼻泪管后放置硅胶管手术,术后定期冲洗泪道,评价其疗效.主要指标手术后泪道冲洗情况.结果 180例(201眼)成功植入硅胶管,手术成功率97.1%,术后定期冲洗泪道,3～12个月(平均6.4个月)拔管,拔管后3个月随访,167眼治愈(80.7%),好转25眼(12.1%),无效15眼(7.2%).结论 逆行鼻泪管插管术联合泪道冲洗是一种简单、安全、有效治疗鼻泪管阻塞的方法,其中病例选择、熟练泪道探通鼻泪管及术后定期冲洗泪道是手术成功的关键.     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞治疗探讨

目的 探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞的不同治疗方法和治疗时机.方法 回顾分析了735例837只眼在复旦大学附属儿科医院诊断为先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿,平均首诊年龄4.5月.根据首诊年龄和症状分别采用保守治疗、加压泪道冲洗法和泪道探通法,经随访3～16月,平均6.4月.以溢泪症状完全消失作为治愈指标.结果 保守治疗的有效率为14.7%;加压泪道冲洗法的有效率为25.4%;泪道探通法的有效率为97.2%;15只眼未愈.早期探通(<6月龄组)1次成功率为87.7%;后期探通(>7月龄组)1次成功率为56.6%.结论 泪道探通法治疗先天性鼻泪管阻寒安全有效,最佳干预时机为4～6月龄.     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床特点及泪道探通术效果的影响因素

目的：探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床特点及影响泪道探通术效果的因素。方法：本研究通过回顾性分析2010-06/2011-05在我院眼科就诊并行泪道探通术的先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿616例687眼,研究内容包括：初次就诊年龄、泪道探通术时年龄、性别、分娩方式、有无脓性分泌物、既往泪道冲洗和泪道探通术病史。总结其临床特点并通过分析以上各因素与泪道探通术成功率的关系,研究先天性鼻泪管阻塞治疗效果的影响因素。泪道探通术成功的标准为：流泪和眼部分泌物等症状消失,泪道冲洗通畅。结果：剖宫产和自然分娩患儿在泪道探通术成功率方面没有统计学差异（P=0.376）,男女之间也没有统计学差异（P=0.498）。泪道探通术成功率与泪道探通术年龄呈负相关关系（r=-0.328,P=0.001）。3～,6～,9～,12～15,＞15月龄手术成功率分别为：100%,97.8%,90.8%,833%和76.5%。有脓性分泌物的患儿手术成功率明显下降（P=0.013）。患儿既往泪道冲洗病史对泪道探通术成功率影响不大（P=0.561）。但有外院泪道探通术病史的患儿,其手术成功率显著下降（P=0.042）。结论：先天性鼻泪管阻塞的泪道探通术成功率随着年龄的增长而下降,而且脓性分泌物也是泪道探通术失败的危险因素。因此对于先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿,有效局部控制炎症和早期行泪道探通术是提高泪道探通术成功率的关键。     

探针式泪道冲洗针治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞

目的观察探针式泪道冲洗针治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床疗效。方法对83例（86眼）先天性鼻泪管阻塞的婴幼儿用探针式泪道冲洗针冲洗探通治疗进行观察分析。结果83例（86眼）先天性鼻泪管阻塞，全部探通治愈，其中1次探通治愈78眼（90．70％），2次探通治愈6眼（6．98％），3次探通治愈2眼（2．32％）。无1例出现假道或下泪点撕裂，无并发急性泪囊炎。结论厢探针式泪道冲洗针冲洗探通治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞是有效的方法。     

手术年龄对于Ritleng泪道插管术治疗儿童先天性鼻泪管阻塞疗效的影响

目的：研究Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞手术年龄与治愈率的关系。方法回顾性分析先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿进行Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗的的临床资料280例（356只眼）,分析不同年龄患儿治愈率,不同类型泪道阻塞治愈率,以及不同类型泪道阻塞在不同年龄患儿中所占的比率、使用Pearson相关系数计算及卡方检验进行统计学分析。结果356眼中322眼治愈,总治愈率达90.4％,治愈率随年龄增长呈明显下降的趋势;复杂性泪道阻塞所占的比例随年龄增长呈上升的趋势;在356眼中,复杂性鼻泪管阻塞76眼,其中治愈53眼,治愈率69.7%,单纯膜性鼻泪管阻塞280眼,治愈269眼,治愈率96.1%,差异有高度统计学意义。结论 Ritleng泪道插管手术对于先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿有较好的疗效,随着年龄增大,治愈率呈下降趋势,复杂性鼻泪管阻塞较单纯膜性鼻泪管阻塞治愈率低,且复杂性鼻泪管阻塞所占的比例随年龄增大呈上升趋势。     

Ritleng泪道插管术治疗泪道探通失败的先天性泪道阻塞

目的评估Ritleng泪道插管术治疗泪道探通失败的先天性泪道阻塞的效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象泪道探通失败的先天性泪道阻塞患儿300例(387眼)。方法采用不同的麻醉方式对泪道探通失败的先天性泪道阻塞患儿行Ritleng泪道插管手术。术后随访12～34个月。对麻醉方法、术前是否合并泪囊炎、探通次数对Ritleng插管手术效果的影响以及术后并发症进行分析。主要指标治愈人数构成比,并发症发生率。结果 300例患儿(387眼),治愈337眼,总治愈率87.08%。局部麻醉下手术290眼,治愈255眼(87.33%)。全身麻醉下手术95眼,治愈82眼(86.31%)。术前不合并泪囊炎者301眼,治愈273眼(90.70%);手术前合并急、慢性泪囊炎者86眼,治愈64眼(74.41%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.756,P=0.00)。经历过1次探通手术者213眼,治愈201眼(94.37%);经历过2次探通手术者108眼,治愈93眼(86.11%);经历过2次以上探通手术者66眼,治愈43眼(65.15%),三者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=38.350,P=0.00)。术中及术后未发现严重并发症。结论 Ritleng泪道插管术成功率高且术后并发症少,可作为先天性泪道阻塞泪道探通失败后的首选治疗方式。     

泪道探通联合硅胶支撑管环形置入的临床应用

目的观察泪道探通联合泪道内硅胶支撑管环形置入在鼻泪管阻塞及泪小管断裂中的临床效果。方法对鼻泪管阻塞48例（53眼）及泪小管断裂24例（24眼）,共72例（77眼）,施行泪道探通联合泪道内硅胶支撑管环形置管治疗。结果术后随访6月～1年,治愈58眼,好转15眼,无效4眼。结论泪道探通联合泪道内硅胶支撑管环形置入是治疗鼻泪管阻塞及泪小管断裂的有效方法。     

Ritleng泪道插管术在儿童泪道手术中的应用

目的 探讨Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗儿童先天性泪道阻塞的疗效与并发症.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.2006年2月至2007年3月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院眼科对148例(187只眼)常规施行泪道探通手术无效的先天性泪道阻塞患儿采用口服水合氯醛后局部麻醉下Ritleng泪道插管手术治疗.患儿年龄范围是5～40个月.对该方法治疗流泪等症状、恢复泪道排泄功能的疗效及术中出血或水肿、术后硅胶管脱出等并发症进行分析.随访时间为术后4～17个月.结果 术后1～3 d,157只眼(84.0%)流泪症状消失.术后3或6个月,187只眼均顺利拔管.其中178只眼(95.2%)治愈,7只眼(3.7%)好转,2只眼(1.1%)无效;46例(52只眼)5个月龄的患儿行泪道插管手术1个月后泪道排泄功能全部恢复正常.术中并发症包括鼻腔少量出血9只眼,泪小管水肿者9只眼.术后8只眼(4.3%)出现硅胶管脱出.结论 Ritleng泪道插管手术是一种便捷、安全的儿童泪道手术,可用于儿童先天性泪道阻塞的早期手术治疗.     

Monocanalicular silastic intubation for the initial correction of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of persistent nasolacrimal duct (nasolacrimal duct obstruction) obstruction traditionally has consisted of simple probing. The most common complication with this approach has been recurrent obstruction, requiring another probing, often with the use of bicanalicular silastic intubation. Monocanalicular silastic tubing offers the possibility of increased success rates over simple probing while theoretically minimizing the insertion and removal difficulaties posed by bicanalicular techniques. We report, to our knowledge, the largest series to date of patients undergoing monocanalicular silastic intubation, as well as the first report evaluating this technique as the primary treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction obstruction. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of 635 children treated by 3 pediatric ophthalmologists via probing with monocanalicular silastic intubation as the initial procedure for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction obstruction. Success was defined as good clearance of fluorescein dye and/or the absence of symptomatic tearing. Failure was defined as recurrent symptomatic tearing or inadequate clearance of fluorescein dye, leading to the performance of a second tear duct operation. RESULTS: We identified 635 children who underwent probing with monocanalicular intubation as the primary treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction obstruction (mean age at time of probing 18 months). The overall success rate for the 803 eyes undergoing surgery was 96%. The success rate for treatment performed in infants younger than 24 months of age (684 eyes) was 97%, declining to 90% when surgery was performed in infants older than 24 months of age (119 eyes; p < 0.001). These success rates compare favorably to previous reports of primary probing without silastic intubation, especially in children older than 12 months at the time of the probing. The only complication in the current study was conjunctival-corneal abrasion, occurring in 2% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Probing with monocanalicular silastic intubation as the initial surgical procedure for patients with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction obstruction is associated with a very high success rate and low complication rate, especially when performed by the age of 24 months.     

儿童Crawford泪道置管术治疗先天性泪道阻塞临床观察

目的观察儿童Crawfod泪道置管术治疗先天性泪道阻塞的效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象一次或多次泪道探通不成功、年龄在10个月以上的先天性泪道阻塞患儿97例（136眼）。方法首先确定先天性泪道阻塞的类型。全麻下对136眼均行Crawford泪道置管术,术后常规第1天、1周及以后每个月复诊,随诊2~6个月,平均3个月。随诊时观察患儿的症状及行泪道染料排泄试验（DDT）和泪道冲洗。根据病情于术后2-6个月拆除引流管。主要指标流泪、分泌物等症状,DDT及泪道冲洗。结果治疗的136眼中,先天性单纯性泪道阻塞107眼,先天性复杂泪道阻塞22眼,后天性泪道阻塞7眼。治愈121眼（88．97％）,有效13眼（9．50％）,无效2眼（1．47％）。其中先天性单纯性泪道阻塞治愈率（95．32％）高于其他两组（P=0．000）。作过2次以上泪道探通（39眼）或作过其他泪道手术（8眼）者治愈率（82．05％,57．14％）低于只作过1次治疗组（89眼,95．50％）（P=0．000）。结论儿童Crawford泪道置管术是一种有效的治疗先天性泪道阻塞的方法,可作为泪道多次探通手术不成功或其他泪道置管手术不成功的补充。     

两种泪道探通冲洗术治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞的疗效比较

目的:比较改良的冲洗式泪道探通术与泪道探通冲洗一体式治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗效果。方法:选取2008-07/2012-09在我院门诊就诊的252例273眼先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿,作为本次的观察对象;其中140例156眼行改良的冲洗式泪道探通,112例117眼行泪道探通冲洗一体式治疗,比较两种方法的治疗效果,并随访1wk～1mo。结果:改良冲洗式泪道探通术一次性探通成功152眼,术后随访有2眼再次阻塞;泪道探通冲洗一体式一次性探通成功107眼,术后随访有8眼再次阻塞;两组比较差异明显具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良的冲洗式泪道探通术对先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗效果明显优于泪道探通冲洗一体式。     

Endoscopic-assisted retrieval of retained lacrimal stent material in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction without dacryocystorhinostomy

We report a 3-year-old child with history of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction who failed lacrimal probing and underwent bicanalicular intubation. Removal of stent from the superior punctum was unsuccessful and it was trapped in the lacrimal sac. We performed endonasal endoscopic-assisted retrieval of retained stent material without necessitating dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). There was no recurrence of infection and nasolacrimal duct obstruction symptoms during 6 months of follow-up.     

A comparison between monocanalicular and pushed monocanalicular silicone intubation in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

AIM: To compare the success rate of monocanalicular versus pushed monocanalicular silicone intubation (PMCI) of the nasolacrimal duct for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).METHODS: In a prospective randomized clinical trial 53 eyes of 49 patients with CNLDO underwent either monocanalicular silicone intubation (MCI) (n=28 eyes) or PMCI (n=25 eyes). All procedures were performed by 1 oculoplastic surgeon. Treatment success was defined as the complete resolution of epiphora at 3mo after tube removal.Results: The surgical outcome was assessed in 20 eyes with MCI and 20 eyes with PMCI. The mean age of treatment was 26.25±10.08mo (range, 13-49mo) for MCI and 26.85±12.25mo (range, 16-68mo) for PMCI. Treatment success was achieved in 18 of 20 eyes (90.0%) in the MCI group compared with 10 of 20 eyes (50%) in the PMCI group (P=0.01). In the PMCI group, the tube loss (30%) was greater than the MCI group (5%), however the differences between the 2 groups proved to be not significant (P=0.91).CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that MCI has higher success rate in CNLDO treatment compared with PMCI in this small series of patients.     

Double silicone intubation as treatment for persistent congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

PURPOSE: The great majority of children with nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction are successfully treated with probing or conventional silicone tube intubation. A small percentage of patients fail to have their NLD obstruction resolved with these procedures and require dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of double bicanalicular silicone intubation with placement of two loops of silicone tubing through the NLD for treatment of persistent NLD obstruction in children as an alternative to DCR. METHODS: Ten eyes of 9 patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction who had failed conventional therapies and were to otherwise undergo DCR were instead treated with double bicanalicular silicone tube intubation. Resolution of preoperative symptoms and signs of NLD obstruction were assessed. RESULTS: At an average follow-up of 40 +/- 5.6 months, all patients had improvement in symptoms and signs. The mean patient age was 31 +/- 3.2 months. The average duration of intubation was 15 +/- 0.73 months. Eight of 10 eyes had complete resolution of NLD obstruction symptoms. Two of 10 treated eyes had occasional symptoms of mattering with upper respiratory infection and exposure to wind or cold but required no further treatment. Nine of 10 eyes were treated for congenital NLD obstruction. The remaining patient had failed conventional bicanalicular intubation after repair of a traumatic common canalicular avulsion. CONCLUSIONS: Double bicanalicular silicone tube intubation is an effective alternative to DCR in selected children who have failed conventional therapies for NLD obstruction. This treatment obviated DCR in all patients in this study.     

Fr2型硅胶管双路环形置入治疗泪道阻塞效果的影响因素

目的 分析Fr2型硅胶管双路环形置入治疗泪道阻塞的效果。设计  回顾性病例系列。研究对象  泪道阻塞患者332例394眼。方法 根据患者情况,将其分为单节段阻塞（257例）与多节段阻塞（137例）,泪小管/泪总管阻塞（164例）与鼻泪管阻塞（83例）,合并慢性泪囊炎（57例）与不合并慢性泪囊炎（26例）,术前无探通、探通<5次、5~10次、＞10次,单纯义管植入与激光泪道成形联合义管植入,术后泪道冲洗＞4次/月、1~4次/月、＜1次/月,拔管时间<6周、6周~<3个月、3~6个月、＞6个月,首次手术与非首次手术。所有患者行Fr2型硅胶管双路环形置入治疗,分别比较不同患者的置管有效率。疗效评价依据为患者溢泪主诉、拔管后1个月泪道冲洗结果及有无并发症。 主要指标 置管有效率。结果 泪道阻塞置管总有效率为87%,单节段性阻塞（92.61%）比多节段性阻塞（75.91%）置管有效率高（χ2＝21.741,P＝0.001）;泪小管/泪总管阻塞（92.07%）的置管有效率优于鼻泪管阻塞（84.34%）（χ2＝3.502,P＝0.047）;合并慢性泪囊炎者（87.72%）较不伴有慢性泪囊炎者（76.92%）置管有效率无统计学差异（χ2＝1.576,P＝0.175）;随术前探通次数增加,置管有效率显著下降（χ2＝30.252,P＝0.000）;YAG激光泪道成形联合义管植入在泪小管/泪总管阻塞的置管有效率高于单纯置管（χ2＝6.505,P＝0.012）;术后泪道冲洗1~4次/月者（90.10%）较冲洗＞4次/月者（85.50%）和冲洗＜1次/月者（74.47%）置管有效率高（χ2＝8.219,P＝0.016）;6周~<3个月拔管者（91.63%）和3~6个月者（88.16%）置管有效率优于拔管时间<6周者（47.62%）和拔管时间＞6个月者（66.67%）（χ2＝38.880,P＝0.000）;二次手术置管有效率明显低于初次手术（χ2＝15.548,P＝0.006）。结论 明确Fr2型泪道引流管的置管手术适应证、减少术前破坏性的泪道探通次数、采用创伤更小的YAG激光泪道成形联合泪道义管植入术、术后适量的泪道冲洗和严格把握拔管时间,是泪道义管植入手术成功率提高的有效方法。（眼科, 2016, 25： 409-413）     

KTP激光联合泪道再通管植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞

目的:观察泪道激光联合一次性泪道再通管植入治疗鼻泪管阻塞的效果。方法:用KTP激光泪道机先行激光成形术,再行鼻泪管穿线,予套包内扩张硅胶条行鼻泪管扩张后植入一次性泪道再通管。结果:所行30例30眼一次性泪道再通管植入患者随访6mo～2a,有1眼再次阻塞,有效率97%。结论:本方法对鼻泪管阻塞狭窄的患者可明显提高手术成功率及有效率。