HPLC法同时测定双黄连口服液中的质控成分含量

目的:建立可同时测定双黄连口服液中黄芩苷、连翘苷、绿原酸,3种质控成分含量的HPLC方法.方法:色谱柱为Welchrom C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇(A)-0.2%磷酸(B)水溶液,梯度洗脱,分段变波长测定;柱温:30℃;体积流量1.0 mL/min。结果:3种成分的线性关系均良好,精密度、稳定性、重复性的RSD均低于2%,加样回收率为95%~120%。结论:本方法准确、灵敏、可靠,重现性较好,可用于双黄连口服液的质量控制。     

新疆药桑叶的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立新疆药桑叶的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱。方法:采用HPLC法。色谱柱为YMC-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液-0.2%磷酸乙腈溶液(梯度洗脱),检测波长为360 nm,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30△,进样量为10μl。以异槲皮苷为参照物,分析10批次不同产地的药桑叶样品,采用计算机辅助相似度评价系统进行评价。结果:药桑叶指纹图谱由11个特征峰构成,10批次样品指纹图谱的相似度均>0.90,不同产地药桑叶的主成分组成基本相同。结论:所建立的指纹图谱稳定性、重复性好,可用于新疆药桑叶的鉴别和质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定锦黄咽炎片中7种黄酮的含量

目的建立同时测定锦黄咽炎片中7种黄酮类成分含量的HPLC法。方法采用Phenomenex Synergi C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,4μm),甲醇(A)-体积分数0.2%磷酸溶液(B),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为349 nm。结果木犀草苷、野黄芩苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、木犀草素、黄芩素和汉黄芩素在10倍浓度范围内线性相关系数>0.999 0,方法精密度RSD≤2.6%(n=6),回收率在97.9%～103.8%内。结论该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于锦黄咽炎片的质量控制。     

HPLC同时测定黄芩花中野黄芩苷和黄芩苷的含量

目的 建立黄芩花中2种指标成分含量的HPLC测定方法,控制其质量。方法 色谱柱：ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6×250mm,5μm);流动相：甲醇-水-磷酸(47:53:0.2);流速：1.0 mL.min_^-1;紫外检测波长：280nm;柱温：30℃。收集不同时期(初花期、盛花期、凋花期)黄芩花样品,采用HPLC法测定其中的野黄芩苷和黄芩苷含量。结果 黄芩花中,野黄芩苷平均含量为1.690%,黄芩苷平均含量为0.306%;8月中旬盛花期时,2种指标成分含量最高,分别为1.857%,0.360%。结论 本法测定黄芩花中野黄芩苷和黄芩苷的含量简便、准确、快捷,可用于黄芩花的质量控制。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定不同厂家银黄颗粒中绿原酸、木犀草苷和黄芩苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定银黄颗粒中绿原酸、木犀草苷和黄芩苷的方法。方法采用Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液为流动相的梯度洗脱模式分离各测定组分,采用可变波长的方式测定相应组分的峰面积并计算样品含量。结果绿原酸、木犀草苷和黄芩苷分别在0.020 13～2.013μg(r=0.999 9)、0.004 93～0.493μg(r=0.999 8)及0.057 62～5.762 43μg(r=0.999 9)范围内具有良好的线性关系;且平均加样回收率分别为100.2%,RSD为0.2%(n=6);99.1%,RSD为2.0%(n=6);100.8%,RSD为1.4%(n=6);重复性试验,3个成分含量的RSD均小于2.0%(n=6)。结论所建立的方法简便、快速、准确,具有良好的重复性和稳定性,可用于银黄颗粒的质量控制。     

不同药性中药与石膏配伍后有效成分煎出量变化的研究

目的：通过测定升麻、桂枝、甘草、黄芩分别与石膏配伍后有效成分煎出量变化,对中药药性理论进行研究。方法：采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以乙腈-1%磷酸水（13：87）为流动相,在316nm波长测定咖啡酸,阿魏酸,异阿魏酸;,以乙腈-1%磷酸水（32：68）为流动相,检测波长为290 nm测定肉桂酸、肉桂醛;以甲醇-水-磷酸（47∶53：0.2）为流动相,在277 nm波长测定黄芩苷; 采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,1%磷酸水-乙腈梯度洗脱,在波长237nm测定甘草酸,甘草苷。结果：寒性药黄芩、凉性药升麻与石膏配伍后有效成分煎出量增加;热性药桂枝、温性药甘草与石膏配伍后有效成分煎出量降低。结论：寒性药石膏能增加寒凉药黄芩、升麻有效成分煎出而降低温热药桂枝、甘草有效成分煎出。     

HPLC测定射干不同部位中的4种药用成分

目的 采用HPLC法同时测定射干中的芒果苷、鸢尾苷、鸢尾黄素及次野鸢尾黄素,并比较了根茎及须中4种成分的含量.方法 采用Kromail C18柱(200 mm x4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.2%磷酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长260 mm.结果 各成分浓度与峰面积在测定范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),精密度、重复性、稳定性良好,平均加样回收率为96.35%～97.82%.结论 所建方法可用于同时测定射干根茎及须中芒果苷、鸢尾苷、鸢尾黄素及次野鸢尾黄素的含量.芒果苷、次野鸢尾黄素在须中含量高于根茎中.     

木蝴蝶树皮中黄芩苷和白杨素的HPLC分析

目的:建立测定小蝴蝶树皮中黄芩苷和白杨素的反相液相色谱法。方法:采用 Phenomenex ODS 3(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相:乙睛-0.2%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱[0～10 min,乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液比例(25:75);10～25 min 乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液比例由(25:75)→(60:40)],流速:1.0 mL·min~(-1);检测波长:268 nm;柱温:30℃。结果:黄芩苷、白杨素线性范围分别为0.03～7.55 mg(r=0.9999)和0.01～2.21 mg(r=0.9999);黄芩苷、白杨素的平均回收率(n=9)分别为96.8%和97.2%。结论:该方法简便、准确,重复性好,为木蝴蝶树皮的进一步研究和质量控制提供科学依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定胞苷酸混合液中各组分的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定胞苷酸混合物中各成分(胞苷、胞苷一磷酸、胞苷三磷酸等)含量的检测方法。方法采用WAX 1阴离子交换柱(5 0mm×4mm) ,以0 .4 8mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(pH 5 .0 )为流动相,流速1.0ml/min ,检测波长2 6 0nm ,测定胞苷酸中各组分的含量。结果胞苷、胞苷一磷酸、胞苷二磷酸、胞苷三磷酸的线性范围分别为10～6 0 0 ,2 0～6 0 0 ,2 0～80 0 ,2 0 0～5 0 0 0 μg/ml,4种胞苷酸的平均回收率为98.0 %～10 0 .9%。结论该方法具有分析时间短,线性范围宽,灵敏准确等优点,可用于胞苷酸混合物中各组分的含量测定     

HPLC法同时测定桑叶中芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷的含量

目的建立晾晒、烘干及鲜桑叶中芦丁、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法,Shim pack ODS色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温35℃,流动相为0.4%磷酸乙腈溶液(A)和0.4%磷酸水溶液(B),梯度洗脱,检测波长为360 nm,流速设为1.0 ml.min-1。结果三种黄酮类成分在35 min内达到良好分离,芦丁在0.076～1.920 mg.L-1,异槲皮苷在0.086～2.148 mg.L-1,紫云英苷在0.042～2.108 mg.L-1范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999 3,n=6),三种成分平均加样回收率分别为99.7%(RSD=2.5%)9、8.8%(RSD=2.4%)和99.5%(RSD=4.1%)。结论该方法操作简单,结果准确,具有较好的重复性和稳定性,为评价桑叶药材炮制方法提供了一个很好的依据,同时也可用于桑叶药材的质量控制。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.