Primary mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the bladder from an imaging perspective: A case report

BACKGROUNDMucosal-associated lymphoid tissue extranodal marginal zone (MALT) lymphoma is a low-grade tumor that rarely occurs in the urinary bladder. There is currently no consensus on the common imaging findings or most appropriate treatment in MALT lymphoma in the urinary bladder due to the limited number of reports.CASE SUMMARYA 48-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a 1-year history of macroscopic hematuria. Imaging showed a large homogeneous mass with an unclear boundary and an irregular morphology in the bladder. The mass had an abundant blood supply. For further diagnosis, transurethral cystoscopic biopsy and bone marrow biopsy was performed, and the patient was finally diagnosed with primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder. R-CHOP chemotherapy was carried out. After three cycles of chemotherapy, the mass disappeared and the bladder wall thickness was only 4 mm, which indicated excellent therapeutic response to the chemotherapy. To date, the patient remains asymptomatic and she visits our hospital regularly for the completion of the remaining chemotherapy cycles.CONCLUSIONPrimary MALT lymphoma of the bladder is rare, and there are certain characteristics in the ultrasonographic findings. Imaging findings play an important role in evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and are critical during long-term follow-up after therapy.     

Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with HP and previous HBV infection: A case report and literature review

Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a relatively rare disease with low malignancy, and its aetiology is unclear. A 65-year-old man presented with abdominal pain. Hepatitis virus examination revealed a previous hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and a carbon-13 urea breath test result was positive for the patient. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a patch of abnormal density in the right posterior lobe of the liver. The patient underwent VI segment hepatectomy and was pathologically diagnosed with hepatic MALT lymphoma. After the operation, he received quadruple anti-Helicobacter pylori (HP) therapy and refused other treatments. He has been followed up by telephone for 20 months after discharge and is now in a stable condition. In this study, we counted 105 cases of hepatic MALT lymphomas reported in English or Chinese since 1995 and summarised the clinical characteristics and concomitant diseases in this condition. Based on the literature review, we speculated that chronic infectious diseases, especially viral infections (including hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HBV) and HP infection, are associated with the pathogenesis of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma. In addition, autoimmune diseases might also play a role in this condition.     

Laterally spreading tumor-like primary rectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: A case report

BACKGROUNDColorectal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare disease, and only a few cases have been reported to date. It has no specific clinical presentations and shows various endoscopic appearances. There is no uniform consensus on its treatment. With the advancement of endoscopic technology, endoscopic treatment has achieved better results in individual case reports of early-stage patients.CASE SUMMARYWe report a case of rectal MALT in a 57-year-old Chinese man with no symptoms who received endoscopy as part of a routine physical examination, which incidentally found a 25 mm × 20 mm, laterally spreading tumor (LST)-like elevated lesion in the rectum. Therefore, he was referred to our hospital for further endoscopic treatment. Complete and curable removal of the tumor was performed by endoscopic submucosal dissection. We observed enlarged and dilated branch-like vessels similar to those of gastric MALT lymphoma on magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging. And immunopathological staining showed hyperplastic capillaries in the mucosa. Histopathological findings revealed diffusely hyperplastic lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria, with a visible lymphoid follicle structure surrounded by a large number of diffusely infiltrated lymphoid cells that had a relatively simple morphology and clear cytoplasm. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis suggested strongly positive expression for CD20 and Bcl-2. Gene rearrangement results showed positivity for IGH-A, IGH-C, IGK-B, and IGL. Taking all the above findings together, we arrived at a diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT lymphoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination showed no other lesions involved. The patient will be followed by periodic endoscopic observation.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, we report a case of rectal MALT with an LST-like appearance treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Further studies will be needed to explore the clinical behavior, endoscopic appearance, and treatment of rectal MALT.     

Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in the midbrain: A case report

BACKGROUNDPrimary non-dural central nervous system mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare indolent B-cell lymphoma, with only a few reported cases worldwide.CASE SUMMARYA 33-year-old man presented with a 5-mo history of left blepharoptosis and a 4-mo history of right limb numbness and weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a significantly enhanced mass in the left midbrain. Subsequent positron emission tomography revealed that the lesion had increased glucose uptake. A stereotactic robotic biopsy supported a diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. Then he was treated with radiation therapy (30Gy/15F), which resulted in complete remission. We also review the literature on brain parenchymal-based MALT lymphoma, including the clinical presentation, treatment options, and outcomes.CONCLUSIONAlthough there is no consensus on the optimal treatment for this rare disease, patients can respond well when treated with radiotherapy alone.     

原发胸腺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤七例报告并文献复习

目的分析原发胸腺黏膜相关淋巴组织(MALT)淋巴瘤的临床特征、病理诊断、治疗及预后,并进行相关文献复习。方法收集并分析2017年11月至2019年1月于南京医科大学第一附属医院诊疗的7例原发胸腺MALT淋巴瘤患者的临床表现、病理诊断、实验室检查、治疗及预后。结果7例患者中6例为女性,患者常无明显不适,因体检发现前纵隔肿物就诊。行前纵隔肿物切除,术后病理提示为原发胸腺MALT淋巴瘤。实验室检查显示全部患者抗核抗体、抗Ro52抗体、抗干燥综合征A抗体阳性,红细胞沉降率均升高。其中4例有干燥综合征病史。术后对所有患者进行PET-CT检查并密切随访,截至2019年7月患者生存良好,未见复发。结论原发胸腺MALT淋巴瘤临床罕见,多与自身免疫性疾病(如干燥综合征)相关,此类患者预后好,若无治疗指征,可密切随访,避免过度治疗。     

Complete remission of primary hepatic lymphoma in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus

Diffuse large B cell primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease with limited available information regarding treatment strategy. Although the liver contains lymphoid tissue and is an important site for lymphocytes activation, primary hepatic lymphoma is rare. Host factors make the liver a poor environment for malignant lymphoma development. Its coexistence with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases morbidity and mortality risks. Additionally, jaundice increases chances of developing adverse effects from chemotherapy. Here, we report a case of diffuse large B cell primary hepatic lymphoma in a 32-year-old HIV positive man. Due to elevated liver enzyme levels and jaundice, the patient was initially treated with an R-DHAP regimen, which was replaced with an R-CHOP regimen. Restaging images with a positron emission tomography scan after the latest chemotherapy cycle confirmed remission. This is the first report of complete remission of primary hepatic diffuse large B cell lymphoma in an HIV positive patient in the English literature.     

18F-FDG PET/CT and primary hepatic MALT: a case series

Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extremely rare disease and its glucidic metabolic behavior is not clear. We retrospectively analyzed five patients with histological diagnosis of primary hepatic MALT lymphoma who underwent twelve 18F-FDG PET/CT. All staging 18F-FDG PET/CT were positive showing 18F-FDG uptake (average SUVmax was 5.62 ± 1.6) at the corresponding liver lesion. 18F-FDG PET/CT also was useful in evaluating the complete metabolic response after chemotherapy in three patients and radiotherapy in two. Besides, in one patient 18F-FDG PET/CT detected disease relapse during follow-up. Despite the low number of patients, our case series shows the 18F-FDG avidity of hepatic MALT and the possible role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the management of these patients, both for staging, treatment response evaluation and restaging. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.     

T(11;18)及核bcl-10蛋白在胃肠MALT淋巴瘤中的表达

为了探讨t(11；18)(q21；q21)染色体易位及核bcl-10蛋白在胃肠粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(MALT lymphoma)中的表达，用酸性酚氯仿法从石蜡组织中提取RNA；逆转录合成cDNA后用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增API2-MALT1融合基因；用免疫组织化学法检测石蜡切片中bcl—10蛋白的表达。结果表明：42例MALT淋巴瘤中，t(11；18)(q21；q21)染色体易位在低度恶性MALT淋巴瘤中的表达为14％，在伴高恶转化型MALT淋巴瘤中的表达为46％，在40例弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse 1arge B cell lymphoma，DLBCL)对照组中没有表达；43例MALT淋巴瘤中bcl-10蛋白在低度恶性MALT淋巴瘤的核表达为61％，在伴高恶转化型MALT淋巴瘤中的核表达为69％。结论：t(11；18)易位可能与高度进展MALT淋巴瘤有一定相关性，但与DLBCL无关;bcl-10蛋白的核表达在恶性程度不同的两组MALT淋巴瘤中无显著性差异，其原因有待进一步研究。     

Synchronous colonic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma found after surgery for adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUNDMucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is mainly involved in the gastrointestinal tract. The synchronous occurrence of colonic MALT lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the same patient is extremely rare. We here report a case of synchronous colonic MALT lymphoma found on surveillance colonoscopy five months after surgery and chemotherapy for sigmoid adenocarcinoma.CASE SUMMARYA 67-year-old man was admitted because of hematochezia for two months. Colonoscopy suggested a colonic tumor before hospitalization. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed local thickening of the sigmoid colon. The patient underwent a left hemicolectomy with local lymph node dissection. The histopathology revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and partially mucinous adenocarcinoma. The pTNM stage was T3N1Mx. The patient received chemotherapy with six cycles of mFOLFOX6 after surgery. Colonoscopy was performed five months later and revealed single, flat, polypoid lesions of the colon 33 cm away from the anus. Subsequently, the patient underwent endoscopic mucosal resection for further diagnosis. The pathological diagnosis was MALT lymphoma. Positron emission tomography /CT suggested metastasis. The patient refused further treatment and died ten months later.CONCLUSIONColonic MALT lymphoma may occur after surgery and chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma as a synchronous malignancy. Regular surveillance colonoscopy and careful monitoring after surgery are critical.     

一线化疗治疗眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤临床疗效

本研究分析一线化疗治疗眼附属器黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(MALT)的临床疗效。回顾性分析8例眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤患者的临床资料。给予3例ⅠE期患者COP/CHOP方案治疗。给予5例Ⅳ期患者COP/CHOP联合利妥昔单克隆抗体。结果表明:完全缓解(CR)加部分缓解(PR)的有效率100%,3例ⅠE期患者获得PR,5例Ⅳ期患者获CR,中位随访时间21个月,患者疾病无进展,3例ⅠE期患者仍持续PR,5例Ⅳ期患者持续CR。结论:眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤呈惰性临床过程,化疗安全有效,联合利妥昔单克隆抗体方案能明显提高缓解率,可以作为一线治疗方案。     

Sonographic appearances of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the submandibular gland confirmed with sonographically guided core needle biopsy

A 71-year-old man presented with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the submandibular gland 52 months after initial diagnosis of MALT lymphoma of the lung. Ultrasonography showed a well-demarcated, markedly hypoechoic, heterogeneous solid mass with linear echogenic strands and hypervascularity. Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy demonstrated histological findings of MALT lymphoma. Sonographic features of MALT lymphoma of the submandibular gland are characteristic and ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy may be a suitable replacement for surgical biopsy.     

9例原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理观察

目的：探讨原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理特征。方法：对1994～2002年间收治的原发性胃恶性淋巴瘤9例，进行回顾分析。结果：男4例，女5例，年龄43～71岁(中位年龄53岁)。临床表现及胃镜检查无特殊，多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期的低度恶性肿瘤，病程长，进展缓慢，疗效好。术前活组织检查：HE染色仅3例可明确诊断，3例曾误诊为低分化腺癌；结合免疫组织化学检查，7例可术前确诊为恶性淋巴瘤。结论：胃镜活检，HE染色结合免疫组织化学检查，可提高胃粘膜相关淋巴组织恶性淋巴瘤的诊断率。     

49例MALT淋巴瘤临床资料分析

本研究旨在探讨黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤（mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma，MALTlymphoma）临床特点、APl2．MALTl基因的表达与预后的关系。通过回顾临床资料，研究我院49例MALT淋巴瘤患者的临床特点，并通过RT．PCR法检测部分石蜡标本APl2．MALTl基因重排。结果表明：MALT淋巴瘤患者的发病平均年龄为52，4岁，50岁以上的患者占67．4％，肿瘤多发生在胃肠道，其次在甲状腺；49例中I、Ⅱ期患者占776．％，Ⅲ、IV期患者占22．4％；APl2-MALTl基因重排在低度恶性组、转化组的阳性率分别为38．1％和12、5％；3年生存率为93．8％。结论：MALT淋巴瘤患者的临床进展缓慢，对化疗敏感，预后较好，可根据有无APl2-MALTl基因重排选择不同的治疗方法，对I期HP阳性患者可采用抗HP治疗。     

肺原发性淋巴瘤的CT影像学特点及文献复习

目的：分析肺原发性淋巴瘤患者的影像学及临床表现特征,提高对于该疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断能力。方法：回顾性分析经病理明确诊断的肺原发淋巴瘤患者的CT影像学表现,结合相关文献,总结肺部原发淋巴瘤的影像学表现特点。结果：10例肺原发性淋巴瘤患者中,7例确诊为黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤（mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT）淋巴瘤,1例确诊为弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤,2例确诊为外周T细胞淋巴瘤。8例患者的CT图像上病灶可见支气管充气征,9例增强CT均可见病灶轻度强化及血管漂浮征,8例可见晕征,而患者的临床表现均无特异性。结论：肺部原发性淋巴瘤患者的影像学表现复杂多样,且临床和影像学表现无特异性,空气支气管征、增强后病灶呈轻中度强化、血管漂浮征、晕征等为肺部淋巴瘤在CT图像上较为特征的征象。     

超声分型对原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨超声分型对原发性甲状腺淋巴瘤（PTL）的诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析浙江省肿瘤医院2010年1月至2019年12月病理证实的58例PTL患者的超声图像特点及临床特征。以病理结果为金标准,分析并比较最常见的2种病理类型［弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）和黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤（MALT）］超声图像特点及临床特征的差异,采用χ²检验比较2种病理类型的超声特征差异。 结果58例病例病理类型均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,19例经超声引导下粗针穿刺活检,39例经手术获得组织病理。其中DLBCL 37例,MALT 21例。根据超声图像特点,分为肿块型26例、弥漫型11例、混合型21例。DLBCL中超声分型为混合型的比例最高（48.6%）,MALT中超声分型为混合型的比例最低（14.3%）,两者比较差异具有统计学意义（χ²=14.305,P=0.001）。与MALT对比,肿块型DLBCL血流信号分级更高,并且包膜受侵比例更高（41.2% vs 0）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=12.021,P=0.003;P=0.013）。 结论超声检查能够较准确提供PTL的声像图特征,结合临床表现及超声分型可以辅助诊断PTL的病理类型,对临床治疗具有指导意义。     

Collision tumor: invasive ductal carcinoma in association with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in the same breast

Synchronous occurrence of multiple neoplastic processes is uncommon and the relationship between breast cancer with lymphoproliferative diseases is unusual as well. Furthermore, breast involvement by malignant lymphoma is a rare event and primary breast mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is even rarer. We report a patient with synchronous occurrence of malignant lymphoma of MALT type and ductal carcinoma of the breast, presenting as "collision tumor," invading each other and occurring as a single mass in the breast. Involvement of the sentinel lymph node by MALT lymphoma was demonstrated with no evidence of metastatic carcinoma. Staging bone marrow biopsy did not show involvement by malignant lymphoma or carcinoma. Our patient was treated with chemotherapy for the lymphoma. She also received radiotherapy and aromatase inhibitor as adjuvant therapy for the breast carcinoma.     

乳腺原发性淋巴瘤10例临床病理分析

目的探讨乳腺原发性淋巴瘤的临床病理特点、组织学类型、鉴别诊断及预后。方法收集10例乳腺原发性淋巴瘤的临床病理资料,对其进行HE染色及免疫组化标记。结果 10例乳腺原发性淋巴瘤中9例为女性,发病年龄26～70岁,中位年龄51岁;1例男性,63岁。左乳3例,右乳6例,双乳1例;8例为临床ⅠE期,2例为临床ⅡE期。7例为弥漫性大B细胞性淋巴瘤(DLBCL);2例为黏膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞性淋巴瘤(MALT);1例为外周T细胞性淋巴瘤。10例白细胞共同抗原(LCA)均(+);角蛋白、上皮膜抗原均为(-);B细胞标记9例CD20(+),T细胞标记1例CD3(+)。结论乳腺原发性淋巴瘤少见,术前诊断比较困难,准确的病理诊断及组织学分型对规范治疗及预后有重要作用。     

胸腺原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤2例及文献复习

  目的  探讨胸腺原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床病理特征、免疫组化和基因重排特点。  方法  复习2例胸腺原发性黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的临床资料, 通过光镜观察、免疫组化染色(EnVision, 抗体包括CD3, CD20, CD79α, CD5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, CD10, CD23, CyclinD1, AE1/AE3)、聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)分析其临床病理特征、免疫组化和基因重排特点。  结果  2例患者均为汉族, 男女各1例, 年龄分别为57岁和53岁, 女性患者伴干燥综合征(Sj?gren's syndrome, SS)及过敏性紫癜。术前CT、磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)及术后大体检查均可见边界清楚的肿物, 内含小囊。镜下可见成片的小到中等大小弥漫淋巴细胞, 主要是中心细胞样细胞和/或单核样淋巴细胞, 偶见中心母细胞或免疫母细胞样细胞。小血管丰富, 血管周围可见较多浆细胞; 并可见多房囊肿, 囊壁被覆鳞状上皮细胞及柱状上皮细胞, 伴淋巴上皮病变, 囊壁Hassall小体增多并囊性退变, 内见粉染物; 存在反应性增生的淋巴滤泡, 周围脂肪组织内散见多处小结节。免疫组化显示CD20、CD79α和Bcl-2弥漫阳性, 囊肿上皮及赫氏小体(Hassall's corpuscle)AE1/AE3阳性, 上皮间可见CD20阳性的淋巴细胞浸润。PCR显示2例免疫球蛋白重链可变区(immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region, IgHV)基因重排阳性。2例患者均开胸行肿物及部分胸腺切除术, 术后分别随访27和6个月, 未见复发及转移。  结论  胸腺黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤少见, 具有明显特点:亚洲人多发, 伴有自身免疫性疾病, 大体及镜下可见多房囊肿, 血管周围可见明显的浆细胞分化, 缺乏凋亡抑制蛋白2-黏膜相关淋巴瘤转位基因1(API2-MALT1)融合基因等。手术切除为首选治疗, 临床结局良好。     

眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现及文献复习(附7例报告)

目的:研究眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断能力。方法:7例经病理证实的眼眶原发淋巴瘤患者均经CT平扫增强和延迟扫描,其中3例行MRI平扫加增强扫描。回顾性分析CT及MR的影像学表现。结果:双侧眼眶原发淋巴瘤2例,分别位于双侧结膜和泪腺。单侧眼眶淋巴瘤5例。1例位于泪道;另4例跨越眶隔前后部呈不规则铸型累及泪腺及泪道,其中3例浸润肌锥内外间隙。所有病例均未见眼外肌推压移位、眼环增厚与变形。2例可见眶骨明显骨质破坏。所有病变CT平扫呈软组织肿块,密度类似于眼外肌,边缘清晰,增强后,4例呈中度强化,3例呈轻度强化,延迟期中度强化4例密度下降,轻度强化3例无明显变化。MRI上3例肿块在T1WI和T2WI上与眼外肌信号相比,呈等信号,增强后2例病变信号强度高于眼外肌。所有病变在CT、MRI上均呈匀质性。结论:眼眶原发淋巴瘤CT、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,能够高度提示该病的诊断。     

Helicobacter pylori strikes again: gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is common. Over 50% of the world's population is estimated to be colonized with the bacteria. The association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is well documented. Anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment and the successful eradication of the bacteria can potentially cure patients who test positive for the bacteria and who are diagnosed with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence implicating Helicobacter pylori as a causal pathogen for the development of gastric MALT lymphoma and to determine that anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy is an effective first-line treatment. The clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who are treated with anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy are also discussed.