利福平脂质体温敏型原位凝胶的制备及其体外释药特征研究

目的 制备利福平脂质体温敏型原位凝胶,并对其体外性质进行研究。方法 采用薄膜分散法制备利福平脂质体,并对利福平脂质体进行表征研究;以泊洛沙姆188、泊洛沙姆407为凝胶基质,制备利福平脂质体温敏型原位凝胶;以无膜溶出模型研究温敏型原位凝胶体外累积溶蚀率;采用透析袋法分析药物体外释放情况。结果 制备的利福平脂质体平均粒径、聚分散指数、Zeta电位、包封率和载药量分别为(149.0±5.67)nm、0.275±0.056、-(29.8±1.59)mv、(79.6±2.67)%,(18.6±0.25)%;利福平脂质体温敏型原位凝胶的胶凝温度为(34.3±0.6)℃。体外溶蚀曲线和体外释药曲线均符合零级动力学特征。结论 利福平脂质体温敏型原位凝胶的制备工艺简单易行,体外释放显示其有很好的缓释作用。     

α-细辛脑纳米粒离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶的制备及体外释药性能

目的:制备α-细辛脑纳米粒离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶并考察其体外释放行为。方法:采用去乙酰结冷胶(DGG)为凝胶基质,以凝胶黏度,形成凝胶的能力及持水力为考察指标筛选去乙酰结冷胶的用量;采用纳米沉淀法制备α-细辛脑纳米粒,与凝胶基质混合后制得α-细辛脑纳米粒离子敏感型原位凝胶;以人工模拟鼻液为释放介质、考察制剂的体外释放特性。结果:确定0.5%的结冷胶作为α-细辛脑纳米粒离子敏感型原位凝胶的基质,在非生理状态为自由流动的液体,生理状态下能够发生相变形成凝胶。体外释放结果表明α-细辛脑纳米粒离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶具有较好的缓释作用。结论:α-细辛脑纳米粒离子敏感型原位凝胶的胶凝效果良好,缓释作用明显且制备工艺简单可行。     

吗氯贝胺离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶的制备及其体外释放度考察

目的:制备吗氯贝胺离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶,并考察其体外释药行为。方法:以去乙酰结冷胶为凝胶基质,丙二醇、聚乙二醇-400及聚山梨酯-80为主要辅料,单因素试验法优选处方,并采用数学模型拟合体外释放曲线。结果:确定0.1%的结冷胶作为吗氯贝胺离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶的基质,而体外释药行为符合Higuchi方程,该混合凝胶剂具有良好的体外缓释特征。结论:该处方设计合理,可作为经鼻给药的缓释载体。     

硫普罗宁眼用原位凝胶的研制

目的筛选硫普罗宁温度敏感型眼用原位凝胶最优处方,提高药物在角膜前的滞留时间。方法以胶凝温度、凝胶溶蚀量、体外药物释放度、离体角膜透过性为考察指标,设计和优化处方;以家兔为受试动物,考察硫普罗宁在角膜的滞留时间、刺激性及稳定性。结果含有质量分数0.2%透明质酸钠的硫普罗宁原位凝胶具有适宜的胶凝温度和一定的缓释作用,其角膜表观透过系数为15.43 cm.s-1,角膜前滞留时间为130 min;刺激性、稳定性符合眼用制剂要求。结论硫普罗宁眼用原位凝胶延长了药物在眼部的作用时间,达到了缓释的目的。     

地塞米松磷酸钠温度敏感原位凝胶释药与溶蚀行为的影响因素考察

目的:制备泊洛沙姆温度敏感原位凝胶,考察地塞米松磷酸钠(DSP)在其中的释放行为以及影响释放的因素。方法:以PluronicF127和F68为材料,DSP为模型药物制备温度敏感原位凝胶并测定胶凝温度。采用无膜溶出法和HPLC法测定DSP的释放行为;考察释放介质的接触面积、体积、pH值及振荡频率对DSP释放的影响。测定凝胶的溶蚀行为及其对药物释放的影响。结果:胶凝温度随F127浓度增大而升高,释放介质的接触面积、体积、振荡频率对药物的释放速率有显著影响,释放介质的pH对药物释放速率无显著影响。DSP的释放和凝胶的溶蚀遵循零级动力学方程,释放量随溶蚀量增加而增加,二者间存在线性关系。结论:DSP温度敏感原位凝胶的缓释效果良好,凝胶溶蚀速率、凝胶与释放介质的接触面积是控制药物释放的主要因素。     

辛芷离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶的研制及体外释药评价

目的:开发一种新型的中药鼻腔给药系统剂型—原位凝胶。方法:采用去乙酰结冷胶为材料制备辛芷离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶。研究不同浓度去酰基结冷胶原位凝胶的黏度特性,采用扩散池法考察其体外释药规律,并用无膜溶出法研究其释药机制。结果:辛芷离子敏感型鼻用原位凝胶的黏度随去酰基结冷胶的浓度增加而增大,其释药量随结冷胶的浓度增加而减少,其释药符合一级释药模型,其溶蚀度较小且与释放率无明显相关性(r=0.986)。结论:应用去酰基结冷胶可成功制备离子敏感型中药鼻用原位凝胶,为中药鼻腔给药提供了一种新剂型。     

注射用蜂毒多肽温度敏感型缓释凝胶的制备及体外释放研究

目的制备注射用蜂毒多肽的温度敏感型缓释凝胶制剂并对其体外释药进行考察。方法以新型温度敏感聚丙交酯乙交酯聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(PLGAPEGPLGA)为载体材料制备注射用蜂毒多肽缓释凝胶制剂,采用福林酚试剂法测定制剂在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中(pH7.4)的体外释放度,并对体外释放数据用KorsmeyerPeppas方程进行拟合。结果蜂毒多肽体外持续释放36d,其释药速率随聚合物的质量分数增加而降低,且聚合物分子结构中丙交酯比例增大对释药速率几乎没有影响。蜂毒多肽从凝胶中的释放初期以扩散为主,体外释放行为符合KorsmeyerPeppas方程,后期为凝胶溶蚀和药物扩散结合的作用机制。结论注射用蜂毒多肽的温度敏感型缓释凝胶制剂制备工艺简便,药物释放达到预期要求,同时说明温度敏感PLGAPEGPLGA嵌段共聚物作为注射用缓释给药系统的载体材料具有很好的应用前景。     

阿奇霉素原位凝胶滴眼液的制备及体外释放机制考察

目的:研制阿奇霉素温敏原位凝胶滴眼液。方法:以凝胶基质与泪液混合前后的相变温度变化筛选适宜的处方,基于阿奇霉素与硫酸显色的原理,建立UV法测定其体外释放度,以阐明其释放机制。结果:硫酸显色方法能够准确测定阿奇霉素在泪液中的体外释放度,该原位凝胶在8 h内能稳定释放,释放机制为扩散和凝胶溶蚀共同作用。结论:与普通阿奇霉素滴眼液相比较,原位凝胶滴眼液能够达到较好的缓释效果,体外释放稳定,有广泛的应用前景。     

眼用司帕沙星阳离子脂质体原位凝胶的研制

目的:研制司帕沙星(SF)眼用阳离子脂质体-原位凝胶(ISG)。方法:采用pH梯度法制备SF脂质体(SFL),用季胺化程度为60%的N-三甲基壳聚糖(TMC60)包衣,用正交试验筛选其最佳处方及工艺,再与泊洛沙姆P407为基质的温度敏感材料混合,制备TMC60包衣的SFL-ISG,并对其形态、粒径、Zeta电位、凝胶溶蚀及释药等体外性质进行考察。结果:本品形态圆整,粒径分布均匀,TMC60包衣后Zeta电位由负转正,药物释放和凝胶溶蚀均呈现良好的零级释放特征。结论:本品结合阳离子脂质体与原位凝胶技术成功制备了TMC60包衣的SFL-ISG,为其体内研究奠定了实验基础。     

胰岛素纳米粒温敏凝胶的制备及体外释药性能

目的:制备胰岛素壳聚糖温度敏感型原位凝胶(INS-CS-NP-TISG)并进行体外释药动学考察。方法:采用离子凝胶化法制备胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒;均匀设计法优化其处方及制备工艺,观察形态,测定粒径、表面电位、包封率和载药量;冷法配液的方法制备温度敏感型原位凝胶,改进透析袋-恒温水浴法研究胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒温度敏感型原位凝胶溶液的体外释药动学。结果:优化制得的纳米粒呈类球形,均匀圆整,分散性好;平均粒径为(255.3±143.5)nm,在175.2~349.6nm范围内的纳米粒子达99.4%,大小均匀,分布较窄;高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒平均包封率和载药量分别为75.84%与58.52%;表面电位(ζ)为+32.67;在人工鼻黏液中,胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒温度敏感型原位凝胶的体外释药符合双相动力学方程,且持续释药24h。结论:选用合适的处方制备胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒温度敏感型原位凝胶,方法简便,药物载药量高,具有较好的生物黏附性,并有一定的缓释作用。     

Encapsulation of cationic peptides into polymersomes through in situ gelatinization

Encapsulation of peptides and proteins remains an obstacle in drug nanoformulations. Here, we established an alternative method to encapsulate peptides and proteins into polymersomes (POs). NC-1900, a type of cationic peptide that can induce the gelatinization of deacetylated gellan gum (DGG), was selected as a model peptide. DGG was first trapped in POs to serve as a reservoir to capture NC-1900. Analysis of the optimized formulation revealed that the drug-loading capability of NC-1900-loaded POs was 1.20%, and the encapsulation efficiency was 30%. The release of NC-1900 from the gel was the rate-limiting step and could be expressed by Fick's law of diffusion. These results indicated that the preparation of POs encapsulated with gelatin could be employed as an effective loading method for ionic peptides and proteins.     

A new vaginal delivery system of amphotericin B: a dispersion of cationic liposomes in a thermosensitive gel

Amphotericin B (AmB) is used in the treatment of fungal infections; however, its clinical use is limited by its toxic side effects. In this study, AmB-loaded cationic liposome gels were formulated with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), and cholesterol (CH) at a molar ratio of DOPE:DOTAP:CH?=?4:5:1 in thermosensitive gel composed of poloxamer 407 (P407) and poloxamer 188 (P188). To enhance the solubility of AmB, 6 mol% of distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine–polyethylene glycol was added prior to encapsulation of the drug into liposomes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the AmB encapsulated cationic liposome gels. In vitro release, stability and cytotoxicity of AmB in cationic liposome gels were evaluated. The particle size and zeta potential of AmB-loaded liposomes were in the range of 400–500?nm and 40–60 mV, respectively. The thermosensitive gel at the ratio of P407:P188?=?15:15 (w/w) gelled at 37°C, approximating body temperature. Encapsulation efficiency of AmB was ～50–60%, which was influenced by the ratio of AmB to lipid. Moreover, AmB-loaded cationic liposome gels were more stable and less toxic than free AmB. From these results, cationic liposome gel formulations may be useful for vaginal delivery of AmB.     

硝酸毛果芸香碱温敏凝胶的研制及溶蚀性能研究

目的制备硝酸毛果芸香碱温敏凝胶,考察其载药凝胶溶蚀行为。方法以泊洛沙姆为温敏凝胶基质制备硝酸毛果芸香碱眼用凝胶,通过凝胶相变温度筛选最佳处方,采用无膜溶蚀实验研究凝胶释药特性。结果18%、19%、20%的泊洛沙姆407溶液在体温范围内发生相变形成凝胶,其pH≈7,凝胶中硝酸毛果芸香碱释放速度分别为0.462、0.393、0.294 mg.min-1。结论18%-20%泊洛沙姆407溶液适合作为眼部给药的温敏凝胶基质,凝胶中药物释放基本符合零级释放行为。     

眼用盐酸倍他洛尔脂质体-原位凝胶的研制及体外释药的研究

目的制备盐酸倍他洛尔(BH)眼用脂质体-原位凝胶(ISG),并对其体外释药特性进行考察。方法采用逆向蒸发法制备BH脂质体(BHL);以泊洛沙姆407和188(P407,P188)为温敏性ISG基质,以胶凝温度为指标,筛选P407与P188的最佳配比;采用无膜溶出模型对BHL的体外释放行为进行考察。结果 BHL的平均包封率为(88.24±5.46)%(n=3);当P407与P188的处方用量分别为21%及6%时,胶凝温度最接近人眼表温度(34℃);BHL-ISG体外药物释放和凝胶溶蚀均呈现零级释放特征,两者相关性良好。结论 BHL-ISG结合脂质体和原位凝胶的特点,延缓药物释放,为其角膜滞留性研究奠定了基础。     

Preparation and Evaluation of Soft Gellan Gum Gel Containing Paracetamol

The objective of this study was to develop soft paracetamol gel using gellan gum as a gelling agent and sodium citrate as a source of cation. Different batches were prepared using three different concentrations of gellan gum (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%), each with two different sodium citrate concentrations (0.3 and 0.5%). The consistency of the paracetamol gel was dependent on the concentration of gellan gum, sodium citrate and co-solute. The results of dissolution study of soft gel containing 0.3% gellan gum and 0.3% sodium citrate revealed that paracetamol was completely released in 30 min. Polyethylene glycol 400 worked as a solubilizer for paracetamol. All the gels possessed acceptable sensory characteristics when evaluated by human volunteers. Short term stability study carried out for four weeks at different temperatures revealed no considerable changes in performance characteristics of developed optimized formulation.     

硝酸毛果芸香碱原位凝胶滴眼剂的制备及体外释放度评价

目的:制备硝酸毛果芸香碱原位凝胶滴眼剂,并评价其体外释放度。方法:采用结冷胶为成胶辅料制备制剂,并将其与普通滴眼液比较进行体外释放度评价。结果:所制制剂为无色、透明、均匀液体,检查符合2005年版《中国药典》中的相关规定;普通滴眼液在3h内药物已完全释放,而原位凝胶滴眼剂在3h时仅释放68%,10h时释放约87%,后者释放机制为Fick扩散。结论:所制硝酸毛果芸香碱原位凝胶滴眼剂具有良好的控制释药性能。     

阿昔洛韦壳聚糖眼用温敏性原位凝胶的研制及其体外释药研究

目的 制备阿昔洛韦（ACV）壳聚糖（CS）眼用温敏性原位凝胶（ISG）,并对其体外释药特性进行考察.方法 以CS为增黏剂及吸收促进剂,以泊洛沙姆407和188（P407,P188）为基质,制备ACV-CS-ISG,以胶凝温度为指标,筛选P407与P188的最佳配比;采用无膜溶出模型对ACV-CS-ISG的体外释药特性进行考察.结果 当P407与P188的处方用量分别为21%及6%时,ACV-CS-ISG胶凝温度为（33.6±0.4）℃,人工泪液稀释后变为（34.2±0.3）℃,与人眼表温度（34℃）相似;体外释药及凝胶溶蚀均呈现零级动力学特征,且两者相关性良好.结论 ACV-CS-ISG具有理想的胶凝温度及较好的缓释效果,值得进一步研究.     

Preparation of ion-activated in situ gel systems of scopolamine hydrobromide and evaluation of its antimotion sickness efficacy

AIM: To develop a novel, in situ gel system for nasal delivery of scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP) and study its efficacy on motion sickness. METHODS: SCOP in situ gels at 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0% gellan gum concentration (w/v) were prepared, respectively, and characterized in terms of viscosity, in vitro release, and nasal ciliotoxicity. Single photon emission computing tomography technique was used to evaluate the nasal residence time of gel containing (99m)Tc tracer. The antimotion sickness efficacy produced by the in situ gel formulation was investigated in rats and compared with those achieved after subcutaneous and oral administration. RESULTS: The viscosity of the gellan gum formulations either in solution or in gel increased with increasing concentrations of gellan gum. Its release in vitro was moderate in artificial nasal fluid. The micrographic results showed that in situ gels were safe, without nasal ciliotoxicity. In comparison with phosphate buffer saline, a prolonged radioactivity of (99m)Tc in the rabbit nasal cavity was observed after administration of the gellan gum formulation. Intranasal SCOP in situ gel at a dose of 100 microg/kg decreased symptoms of motion sickness significantly in comparison with subcutaneous and oral administration (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: SCOP nasal in situ gel is a safe and promising therapeutic alternative to existing medications for motion sickness.     

环丙沙星温度敏感原位凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的:制备环丙沙星温度敏感原位凝胶,并建立其质量控制方法。方法:以环丙沙星为主药,通过考察相变温度得出以16%泊洛沙姆407为适宜基质处方制备凝胶;采用紫外分光光度法测定其中环丙沙星的含量,并进行初步稳定性考察。结果:所制制剂为透明度高、流动性良好的凝胶剂;环丙沙星检测浓度的线性范围为1.92～9.60μg.mL-1,平均回收率为99.73%(RSD=1.80%);稳定性考察制剂外观无变化。结论:本制剂制备工艺简单可行,质量稳定可控。