强化调脂治疗及其安全性问题

血脂水平异常是心脑血管疾病的主要危险因素,也是临床医师尤其是心脑血管疾病专业医师需要特别关注的问题.2007年,我国公布了<中国成人血脂异常防治指南>[1],对提高我国血脂水平异常的防治、降低心脑血管疾病的发生率具有十分重要的临床意义.     

中国神经外科医师的社会责任

救死扶伤、发扬人道主义精神是医师的最神圣职责,在医院内救治个体病人的同时,也要参加社会性重大伤害病人的救治.<中华人民共和国执业医师法>中明确规定:遇有自然灾害、传染病流行、突发重大伤亡事故及其他严重威胁人民生命健康的紧急情况时,医师应当服从县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门的调遣.     

祝贺《中国临床神经科学》杂志创刊廿周年

<中国临床神经科学>杂志是广大从事临床神经病学研究的医务工作者及从事神经病学基础研究科技工作者的学术园地.2012年,我们十分高兴地迎来了<中国临床神经科学>杂志廿周年华诞,过去的20年间,在蒋雨平教授及编辑部团队的辛勤耕耘下,在全国老中青三代神经病学专家们的协力下,杂志不断壮大、不断出新、不断发展,在神经科学基础研究和临床研究之间建起了一座相互融合的平台,在广大读者、作者、编者之间架起了一座互相沟通的桥梁.20年来,<中国临床神经科学>杂志从内部发行发展为国内外公开发行;从季刊发展为双月刊;从64页增至80页乃至如今的120页.为我国神经科学基础和临床的发展史上书写了浓墨重彩的一笔.而今,杂志已步伐稳健地迈进第20年,它不仅是上海市、华东六省乃至全国的神经内、外科青年医生临床工作中的良师益友,也是神经内、外科同仁临床和科研工作中的重要参考资料之一.并先后列入了中国科技论文统计源期刊,中国学术期刊光盘录入期刊以及中国学术期刊综合评价数据库来源期刊等.可以预见,在未来的征程中,编辑部全体同仁与全体编委们必将会给广大读者呈现更加丰富的精神饕餮大餐.     

解读2010年AANS/CNS《脑转移瘤治疗的循证医学指南》

虽然较早的国内报道称脑转移瘤仅占颅内肿瘤的3.5%～10.0%[1];但近来有国外报道指出脑转移瘤的发病率可高达原发性脑肿瘤的4～5倍,已成为威胁人类健康的重要疾病[2].因此,优化脑转移瘤的治疗方案对延长患者的生存期和改善生存质量具有重要意义.近来,美国神经外科医师联合会(the American Association of Neurological Surgeons,AANS)和神经外科医师大会(the Congress of Neurological Surgeons,CNS)的联合肿瘤分会组织了从事脑转移瘤治疗的显微外科、立体定向外科、放射治疗、药物治疗等学科的专家,在利用Medline等数据库对1990-2008年间、少数追朔到1970的相关文献系统复习的基础上,制订出2010年AANS/CNS<脑转移瘤治疗的循证医学指南>(以下简称<指南>).     

第六届中国脑血管病论坛会议纪要

2009年4月25-27 日第六届中国脑血管病论坛在北京举行.此次会议汇聚了全国各地神经内、外科,神经介入和放射科等专业的临床医师共800 余人,应邀出席的国内、外著名专家40 余人.本届论坛由首都医科大学宣武医院凌锋教授主持,分别对" 未破裂动脉瘤是否需要治疗"、" 高龄动脉瘤患者选择手术夹闭还是血管内栓塞治疗"、"经翼点入路夹闭动脉瘤是否需要分离外侧裂"、"亚低温治疗脑卒中是否有效"、"时间窗是否为急性脑梗死溶栓治疗的唯一标准"、"外科领域的临床研究是否应该采用随机对照试验方法"等临床医师关注的焦点问题进行讨论,本文节选部分精彩内容以飨读者.     

慢性硬膜下血肿的近期文献总结

慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)是脑外科常见疾病,钻孔引流术为治疗该病的首选方法.现搜集整理<中华神经外科杂志>、<中华创伤杂志>、<中国微侵袭神经外科杂志>近年报道的部分有关CSDH的文献,进行总结.     

文化能力与文化多样性——美国医学教育联络会议和毕业后医学教育认证委员会的认证标准

美国最近一次人口普查数据显示,美国文化的多样性日益增强.1998年～2000年,亚裔美国人、美洲印第安人、西班牙裔美国人、非洲裔美国人人数分别增加了230%、139%、142%、32%,白种人人数仅增加了11%.这就要求临床医生理解文化差异对疾病诊治的影响.一些标志性的文献,如<外科医师>杂志在2001年增刊上刊登的<精神卫生:文化、种族、民族>的报告,第一次提出不同种族和民族在精神卫生及服务方面的差异:第一,医疗服务的可及性不足;第二,获取所需心理保健服务的可能性较小;第三,医疗质量较差;第四,病残负担较重.而美国医学研究所(Institute of Medicine's)在2002年发表的<不平等的医疗救治>(Unequal Treatment)一文首次指出不同种族或少数族裔患者的健康保健存在差异.     

中国立体定向和功能性神经外科

最近，我国考古学家在山东省的大文口(Da Wen Kou)土著人居住区挖掘中，出土头颅骨中有环钻术的痕迹，推测距今在5000年以上。另一个著名传说，在公元前222～280年，我国三国时期，一位华佗医师为曹操脑内病变引起头痛而做手术。我国古代书籍《内经》、《千金要方》等记载了传统中医药治疗精神病、癫痫，取得了可靠的效果。但是，立体定向和功能性神经外科起步很迟，在1949年以前，我国所有医院内既无此专科，也无专职医师，遇     

第一届中国神经介入医师大会在京召开

c2008年11月14～16日第一届中国神经介入医师大会在北京百环合一大酒店召开。出席会议的神经介入医师约260余人，会议开幕式在别具一格的风格中开始，在音乐伴凑下朗颂了中国医师协会神经外科分会常务副主委吴中学教授创作的《铅衣天使赞》，歌颂了中国神经介入医师的大无畏牺牲精神与高超的血管内治疗技术，开幕式上并向中国神经介入医师的老战士马廉亭、焦德让、吴中学、高国栋等教授颁发了”金帽奖”奖状。     

《中国卒中杂志》2007年工作总结及2008年工作安排

<中国卒中杂志>创刊已2年了,在2年的时间内,在杂志社领导吕伟伟社长的关怀下,在杂志主编王拥军教授的精心策划下,在杂志编委会所有成员的大力支持下,在编辑部工作人员的勤奋工作以及许多的医药及医疗器械公司的赞助下,<中国卒中杂志>茁壮成长,受到国内外学者的广泛关注,也成为脑血管病相关研究领域学者,特别是广大的临床医生提高业务水平的良师益友,成为某些医院科室业务学习的必备教材或参考书.……     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Relationship Between Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Age and IQ in Preschool and School-Age Children and Adolescents with Autism and with ADHD

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders - Relationships between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and age and IQ were investigated in children with autism and/or ADHD covering broader age and IQ...     

Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: LTP and beyond.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic activity is by far the most popular and widely researched model of synaptic plastic changes that might occur during learning. Numerous recent reports, however, have not found a correlation between the inducibility of LTP in the hippocampus and the ability of animals to learn hippocampus-dependent tasks. For example, some experiments with gene deletion (knockout) mice strains have shown that in some strains LTP is not inducible in the dentate gyrus, in area CA3, or CA1, but the animals are still able to learn spatial tasks. This apparent mismatch has rejuvenated the discussion concerning whether LTP is a good model for mechanisms that underlie memory formation in the nervous system. This review analyzes the conditions under which LTP is induced or learning takes place and suggests reasons for the mismatches that can occur and what we can learn from them. High-frequency stimulation protocols and in vitro assays cannot be seen to resemble natural firing patterns or conditions found in the brain. More physiological experimental conditions, especially in vivo recording in awake animals, could lead the way to the development of improved models of learning mechanisms that better correlate with learning abilities of animals.