固定矫治器对牙周组织健康影响的临床研究

目的　探讨固定正畸对青少年牙周组织健康的影响。方法　选择140例13~16岁固定矫治患者,分别于矫治前和矫治6个月、12个月对其进行牙周指标检查。结果　接受固定正畸治疗的患者菌斑指数、牙龈指数、龈沟探诊出血指数、龈沟出血指数和牙周探诊深度均显著提高,差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论　固定正畸治疗时,患者牙周组织的健康受到一定程度的影响,应引起正畸医师的注意,以减少牙龈炎的发生和发展。     

应用实时荧光定量PCR定量检测慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌

目的 检测慢性牙周交患者和牙周健康人龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌、总菌量和牙龈卟啉单胞菌所占比例,探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌与牙周炎发生发展的关系.方法 采集经常规PCR方法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌为阳性的76例慢性牙周炎患者和25例牙周健康者的龈下菌斑,应用TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法定量检测样本中牙龈卟啉单胞菌、总菌量;构建含有牙龈卟啉单胞菌和真细菌扩增片断的重组质粒,建立定量标准.结果 本研究设计的引物和探针具有良好的特异性及敏感性.病变位点龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌数量和总菌量均比健康位点高(P<0.001),两组位点牙龈卟啉单胞菌在菌斑中的比例没有差异(P>0.05);细菌数量与探诊深度间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.001),不同的探诊深度牙龈卟啉单胞菌所占比例无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的数量水平及细菌总量与牙周状况、牙周炎发展有密切关系,实时荧光定量PCR对牙周病学研究具有广泛的应用前景.     

无托槽隐形矫治器及自锁托槽矫治器对牙周炎患者牙周及龈下菌群的影响

目的： 观察无托槽隐形矫治器及自锁托槽矫治器矫正治疗对牙周炎患者牙周健康及龈下菌群的影响。方法： 收集接受正畸治疗的牙周炎患者110例,按照治疗方式分为隐形组和自锁托槽组。跟踪检查患者的牙周指数,包括探诊深度（PD）、牙龈指数（GI）、龈沟出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、龈沟液炎症因子水平;采用VAS法评价矫治前、后牙周疼痛情况和矫治效果,PCR分析矫治后患者龈下菌斑中常见致病菌情况。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果： 矫治12个月及矫治结束后,自锁托槽组PLI显著高于隐形组（P<0.05）,PD、GI、SBI在2组间无显著差异。矫治后,隐形组患者的炎症因子水平显著低于自锁托槽组（P<0.05）。矫治后1 d,隐形组患者的疼痛指数显著低于自锁托槽组（P<0.05）。隐形组临床总有效率显著高于自锁托槽组（89.10% vs 76.36%）。矫治后,自锁托槽组龈下致病菌检出率及含量显著高于隐形组（P<0.05）。结论： 在牙周炎患者正畸治疗中,配戴无托槽隐形矫治器能有效抑制炎症反应及龈下致病菌增殖,更有利于牙周健康及口腔卫生维护。     

定量PCR技术检测正畸患者牙龈卟啉单胞菌的变化

目的采用荧光实时定量PCR技术,研究正畸患者的龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg）在总细菌中的构成比是否产生变化。方法挑选30例正畸治疗六个月以上患者为实验组,30例未带矫治器的牙周健康者为对照组,分别记录牙周临床指标（包括菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数、探诊深度）,和龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌在总细菌中的构成比,并比较两组患者的差异。结果菌斑指数实验组为1．60±0．58,对照组为1．09±0．72,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。探诊深度实验组为（2．72±0．64）mm,对照组为（2．13±0．18）mm,两组比较差异有极显著的统计学意义（P〈0．001）。龈沟出血指数实验组为1．4±0．47,对照组为1．32±0．52,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．78）。牙龈卟啉单胞菌在总细菌中的构成比,实验组0．45％±0．07％和对照组0．05％±0．01％比较,P〈0．0001,差异有统计学意义。结论正畸患者龈下菌斑中,牙龈卟啉单胞菌在总细菌中的含量增加,荧光实时定量PCR技术可监测其变化,提示正畸期间保持牙周清洁的重要性。     

固定矫治器对错患者牙周组织影响的研究

目的　明确放置固定矫治器是否影响牙周组织的健康。方法　本项研究随机选择 16例错患者 ,在固定矫治器放置前 1周进行临床牙周指标———菌斑指数 (plaqueindex ,PLI)、出血指数(bleedingindex ,BI)和探诊深度 (pocketdepth ,PD)的检查以及龈下细菌的检测 (刚果红染色细菌涂片 ) ,以所测得的数值作为基线水平 ;在固定矫治器放置后 1周、3周、5周和 8周分别进行临床牙周指标检查和龈下细菌的检测。结果　固定矫治器的放置可引起临床牙周指标显著增高 (与治疗前比较 ,P <0 0 0 1)。龈下菌群发生变化 ,球菌减少 (P <0 0 0 5 )、螺旋体增多 (P <0 0 0 1)、梭形菌增多 (P <0 0 1)。结论　固定矫治器的放置可影响牙周组织的健康 ,对接受固定矫治的患者进行规范的口腔卫生宣传教育是非常重要的     

固定正畸儿童口腔健康状况调查

目的:了解固定正畸儿童口腔健康状况.方法:随机选择57例11～15岁错颌畸形儿童,于矫治过程中进行菌斑指数、牙龈指数和龋病检查.结果:接受固定正畸治疗的儿童菌斑指数、牙龈指数显著增高;正畸过程中患者的龋患率变化不明显.结论:接受固定正畸治疗的儿童牙周组织健康受到影响.     

晚期肾功能衰竭患者牙周状况的观察

目的　研究慢性肾功能衰竭患者牙周情况及龈下菌丛分布特点。方法　对 4 7例慢性肾功能衰竭患者作牙周检查和龈下菌斑涂片并与 35名健康者进行对比。结果　慢性肾功能衰竭组菌斑指数高于对照组。牙龈指数和出血指数与对照组无统计学差异 ,牙周探诊深度大于对照组。肾功能衰竭组龈下菌斑革兰阴性杆菌比例高于对照组 ,革兰阳性球菌和革兰阳性杆菌比例均低于对照组。结论　慢性肾功能衰竭对牙周健康有一定的影响。     

器官移植术后牙龈增生和牙周病变的防治

目的：观察器官移植术后牙龈增生和牙周病变的发生率，并探讨其防治对策。方法：对器官移植患者进行口腔检查、治疗，共计291人次，并与253名健康志愿者进行对照。结果：器官移植组的菌斑指数、牙周探诊深度高于对照组，牙龈指数、龈沟探诊出血与对照组比较无统计学差异。器官移植术后出现牙龈增生45例，牙髓牙周联合病变25例。牙龈增生严重者进行牙龈切除2例，进行根管治疗29例，龈上洁治和龈下刮治36例，经过治疗，患者症状均明显缓解。结论：器官移植术后牙龈增生和牙周病变的发生率较高，应积极防治．     

派丽奥防治正畸基牙牙龈炎的临床研究

目的：观察“派丽奥”防治正畸矫治中出现牙龈炎症的临床疗效。方法：随机选择60例接受正畸治疗的牙龈炎病人，分为两组每组各30例，记录牙龈指数（GI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、出血指数（BI），基础治疗后，实验组和对照组分别给派丽奥和碘甘油，每周注药1次，共4次，停药后4周进行对比观察。结果：对照组有效率为52％，实验组有效率达94％。结论：派丽奥能有效抑制牙周袋内细菌的生长，维持固定正畸矫治中牙周健康，阻止牙龈炎的发生。     

口腔卫生综合预防措施对固定矫治中牙周健康的影响

目的：寻求改善固定矫治器治疗中患者的牙周卫生状况的预防措施。方法：选择60例接受固定矫治的正畸患者,随机分为3组：对照组常规交待矫治注意事项;试验A组常规交待矫治注意事项,强调口腔卫生,要求使用改良Bass法刷牙;试验B组在试验A组的基础上,矫治前及矫治后每6个月接受一次龈上洁治。临床检测指标为16、13、21、31、43、46指数牙的龈沟出血指数（SBI）和牙龈探诊深度（PD）。采用SPSS11.0软件对数据进行单因素方差分析。结果：①3组患者SBI治疗6个月时均显著增高（P〈0.05）。组间有显著性差异,对照组〉试验A组〉试验B组（P〈0.05）。②3组患者PD随着治疗时间增加而增大,治疗6个月时对照组与两个试验组间有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,两个试验组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。③治疗12个月时,试验A组和试验B组间PD有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：①通过刷牙可以部分改善牙周卫生状况,②定期进行牙周洁治可以明显减轻牙龈炎症,较好地维护口腔卫生。     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

Electrodeposition of bilayers of dithiols

We report an electrochemical method to form a bilayer of dithiol. The cyclic voltammogram of the oxidative deposition of an aromatic dithiol on gold from an alkaline aqueous solution reveals two current peaks separated by more than 400 mV. The integrated charge of the oxidative current peak (B) at the most positive potential is twice that of the other oxidative current peak (A). These two oxidative current peaks were characterized by differential capacitance and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements. A decrease of the capacity by a factor of two, and an increase of the EQCM frequency change by a factor of two were observed when the potential was scanned from a value where only the first oxidative peak (A) is obtained, to a potential where both oxidative current peaks (A and B) are obtained. Infrared spectra show that the aromatic dithiols adsorb vertically at potentials corresponding to the current peak A and they become tilted for potentials corresponding to the current peak B. The simple relationships between the properties of the two oxidative current peaks are found to be compatible with a step-wise oxidative deposition of a bilayer of dithiol.     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。