高龄老年人衰弱进程中日常照护及精神慰藉需求状况分析

目的了解高龄老人的衰弱进程、日常照护及精神慰藉需求状况,分析衰弱程度与日常照护及精神慰藉需求的相关性。方法于2016年7月—2017年1月采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取河北省唐山市2家医院的10个社区卫生服务中心辖区≥75岁老年人,使用衰弱综合评估工具(CFAI)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、孤独量表进行(UCLA)评测。结果 3 448名高龄老人衰弱率为100%,随年龄的增加其衰弱程度呈加重趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=133.355,P<0.001);日常照护低需求者860人(24.9%),高需求者804人(23.3%),而高龄老人自评需要生活照护者占61.0%,高于ADL评估结果,选择需要子女照顾者2 021人次,占58.6%;精神慰藉低需求1 071人(31.06%),中等需求1 598人(46.35%),中上等需求679人(19.69%),高需求100人(2.90%),精神照护中等及以上需求者占68.94%,远高于日常生活照顾需求者。而高龄老人自评需要精神照护者2 441人,占70.17%,2组数据基本持平。选择需要子女提供精神照护者1 906人次,占78.08%。多因素分析显示,年龄、衰弱程度是高龄老人日常照护和精神慰藉需求的影响因素。结论应加强对高龄老人日常生活和精神生活的照护,依据衰弱程度提供相应的照护。     

唐山市高龄老人日常生活照护需求及影响因素分析

目的了解唐山市高龄老人日常生活照护需求情况并分析其影响因素。方法应用分层随机整群抽样方法,于2016年7月-2017年1月对唐山市3 448位年龄≥75岁的居民应用日常生活照护需求问卷、衰弱综合评估量表、健康调查简表(SF-36)进行调查。结果唐山市高龄老人日常生活照护需求检出率为48.3%,其中无需求者1 784人(51.7%),轻度需求者860人(24.9%),重度需求者804人(23.3%);日常生活照护需求均分由高到低依次为工具性日常生活照护需求(1.46±0.727)、总的日常生活照护需求(1.37±0.637)、躯体日常生活照护需求(1.25±0.560)分。多重线性回归分析显示,日常生活照护需求受人口学因素(年龄、文化程度、居住方式)、身心状况(衰弱、身心健康)和社会支持(子女看望频率、邻里来往)的影响(P0.05),可解释照护需求40.0%的变异量。结论唐山市高龄老人日常生活照护需求检出率高,影响因素复杂,应通过分析影响因素完善照护服务体系,以期提高其生存质量。     

唐山市高龄失能老人精神照顾需求的现况研究

目的了解唐山市高龄失能老年人的精神照顾需求,探讨家庭、社会支持对其精神照顾需求的影响。方法选取唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心辖区32个社区中75岁及以上的老年人,应用WHO推荐的日常生活能力(ADL)量表进行失能筛查,基于孤独感视角来推测其精神照顾需求。结果 77.9%的高龄失能老年人处于中等及以上孤独感水平。多分类有序Logistic回归分析显示,无配偶(OR=1.224,95%CI:1.003~1.495)、子女从不采取老人意见(OR=5.164,95%CI:2.721~9.806)、无提供支持帮助的朋友(OR=3.626,95%CI:2.149~6.117)、邻里从不关心(OR=2.829,95%CI:2.000~4.007)是高龄失能老年人精神照顾需求的危险因素;与子女关系和睦(OR=0.094,95%CI:0.065~0.135)、居委会经常提供帮助(OR=0.649,95%CI:0.427~0.989)是高龄失能老年人精神照顾需求的保护因素。结论高龄失能老年人精神照顾需求突出,应构建完善的照顾服务体系,提升整体照顾水平,实现健康积极老龄化。     

唐山社区高龄老年人衰弱程度与亲子关系分析

目的了解高龄老年人衰弱程度,分析亲子关系对衰弱的影响。方法于2016年7月—2017年1月采用分层随机整群抽样方法,选取河北省唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心辖区居民中的≥75岁高领老年人,进行衰弱综合评估工具(CFAI)评测。结果 3 448名高龄老年人均有衰弱,其中轻度衰弱1 093人(31.70%),中度衰弱1 230人(35.67%),重度衰弱1 125人(32.63%);多元回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.220)、年龄≥80岁(OR=2.030)、有同城居住的子女(OR=2.376、)、与子女关系不和睦(OR=6.314)、子女不轮流看望(OR=1.309)、不经常与子女交流(OR=1.869)、不经常与子女打电话(OR=1.366)是高龄老年人衰弱程度的危险因素(P0.05)。文化程度高中及以上(OR=0.607)、子女经常采取老人意见(OR=0.506)是高龄老人衰弱程度的保护因素(P0.05)。结论不良亲子关系可加速中高龄老年人衰弱进程,子女应注重加强与老年人之间的沟通,增进与老年人的感情,延缓衰弱进程,实现健康老龄化。     

高龄老年人日常生活和精神照顾需求支持体系

目的了解高龄老人的衰弱进程中日常生活、精神照护需求状况及其家庭、社区、社会因素,为采取支持性应对措施提供依据。方法于2016年7月—2017年1月采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取河北省唐山市2家医院的10个社区卫生服务中心辖区内≥75岁老年人,采用The CFAI衰弱综合评估工具、日常活动能力量表(ADL)以及孤独量表(UCLA)进行评测。结果 3 448名高龄老人衰弱率为100%;非常需要生活照顾者占23.32%(804/3 448),非常需要精神照护者占68.94%(2 377/3 448),两者最需要提供的照护者均为子女和老伴。多因素分析显示,衰弱程度、年龄及兄弟姐妹、邻里、子女、老伴、志愿者、其他家庭成员等提供帮助是居家高龄老人生活照顾需求的影响因素(t值分别为21.876、11.673、2.676、3.871、3.812、–2.806、–2.735、–2.573),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);衰弱程度、邻里提供帮助、子女提供帮助、老伴提供帮助、文化程度、居委会提供帮助、兄弟姐妹提供帮助是居家高龄老人精神照顾需求的影响因素(t值分别为26.572、13.060、–6.995、–4.607、–3.057、2.729、–2.165),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论家庭成员、社区、社会支持是高龄老人日常生活及精神照护的基础,应加强支持体系的构建,提高整体照护水平,提高老年人生命质量。     

高龄失能老年人人生态度和人格型态与衰弱程度相关性

目的了解高龄失能老年人衰弱程度,探究不同人生态度和人格型态对衰弱的影响。方法于2016年7月—2017年1月采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取河北省唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心≥75岁高龄失能老年人进行The CFAI衰弱综合评估。结果 1 664名高龄失能老年人衰弱率为100%(1 664/1 664),其中轻度衰弱占15.81%(263/1 664),中度衰弱占32.99%(549/1 664),重度衰弱占51.20%(852/1 664);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,外向型性格(OR=0.655)、不能积极面对生活(OR=2.440)、主观幸福感很不幸福(OR=21.025)、倾诉(OR=0.477)、参与社区活动频率为不参加(OR=2.547)、没感觉生活充实(OR=0.183)、没感觉厌烦(OR=0.554)、与他人关系不和谐(OR=1.585)、没感觉情绪低落(OR=0.457)、一直寂寞(OR=4.130)、一直被人冷落(OR=2.986)是高龄失能老年人衰弱的影响因素,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论不同人生态度和人格类型的高龄失能老年人衰弱程度不同,应加强人类全生命周期教育,树立积极乐观的人生观和世界观,建立积极的人格型态,延缓高龄失能老人的衰弱进程,实现健康老龄化。     

排便异常对高龄老年人身心健康影响

目的了解唐山市高龄老年人排便异常的情况,分析排便异常对高龄老年人身心健康的影响。方法于2016年7月—2017年1月,采用分层随机整群抽样方法,选取唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心下设的各社区中≥75岁的老年人,使用日常生活能力量表、孤独量表、家庭支持量表进行评测。结果 3 448名高龄老年人中存在排便异常的占54.37%,其中小便失禁者占11.5%;大便失禁者占9.2%;便秘者占33.6%。存在不同程度的日常生活功能障碍者占48.2%,中等程度及以上孤独感的占69.0%。多因素分析结果显示,小便失禁(OR=3.242)、大便失禁(OR=1.576)、便秘(OR=1.562)、文化程度(OR=0.854)、家庭支持(OR=0.783)是高龄老年人日常生活功能障碍的影响因素;小便失禁(OR=1.861)、大便失禁(OR=1.540)、便秘(OR=1.488)、文化程度(OR=0.636)、家庭支持(OR=0.393)是高龄老年人孤独感的影响因素(均P 0.05)。结论高龄老年人身心健康状况不容乐观,通过分析排便异常对高龄老年人身心健康的影响,提出有针对性的身体照护和精神照护,提高高龄老年人的生活质量,实现健康积极老龄化。     

家庭亲子支持对中高龄老年人孤独感影响

目的了解中高龄老年人孤独感现状,分析亲子支持情况与其相关性,为采取应对措施提供理论依据。方法于2016年7月—2017年1月采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取河北省唐山市10个社区卫生服务中心辖区居民中的≥75岁老年人,采用面对面入户方式调查,进行UCLA孤独量表评测。结果 3 448名中高龄老年人孤独感平均得分为(40.24±10.225)分;低程度孤独感1 071人(21.9%),平均得分为(28.33±4.096)分;中度孤独感1 664人(50.2%),平均得分为(41.86±4.262)分;高程度孤独感713人(27.9%),平均得分为(54.38±3.360)分。多因素logistic回归分析显示,与年龄75~79岁的老年人相比,80~84岁老年人(OR=1.212)、85~98岁老年人(OR=1.365),与文化程度为文盲的老年人相比,大专及以上的老年人(OR=0.478),与子女关系和睦的老年人相比,关系良好的老年人(OR=1.952)、关系一般的老年人(OR=3.261),不轮流来探望(OR=1.318),不存在不管父母的子女(OR=0.629),遇到问题子女不能及时提供帮助(OR=1.828),与子女从来不听取父母意见的老年人相比,子女经常听取父母意见的老年人(OR=0.313),这些因素均为中高龄老年人孤独感的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论河北省唐山市中高龄老年人孤独感明显,有针对性的加强家庭子女支持将对改善我国中高龄老年人孤独感现状产生重要影响。     

高龄老人心理衰弱和孤独感的现况调查

目的:了解高龄老人心理衰弱和孤独感的情况及其影响因素,为探讨其预防机制提供理论依据。方法:选取河北省唐山市工人医院和弘慈医院直属的10个社区卫生服务中心的3448名≥75岁及以上的老年人,应用一般人口学资料、The CFAI衰弱综合评估工具、孤独感量表(UCLA)进行心理衰弱和孤独感的评测。结果:社区高龄老年人心理衰弱的评分均分为16.53±2.303分;孤独感评分均分为40.24±10.225分。多元线性回归结果显示,与人倾诉、运动爱好、饮酒爱好、年龄、文化程度、婚姻(β'=-0.202、0.206、0.046、0.102、0.080、0.038)是老年人心理衰弱的影响因素;与人倾诉、运动爱好、吸烟爱好、文化程度、年龄、婚姻(β'=-0.231、0.136、0.049、-0.076、0.065、0.062)是孤独感的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:应给与相应的干预措施,延缓心理衰弱和孤独感的进一步发展。     

蚌埠市老年人日常生活能力现状及影响因素

目的调查安徽省蚌埠市老年人日常生活能力(ADL)现状,探讨影响老年人ADL的因素。方法于2013年11—12月,从蚌埠市204个社区中随机整群抽取1个社区,对符合纳入标准的746位老年人进行入户调查。调查工具包括一般情况调查表、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、社会支持量表(SSRS)及居家不出(housebound)调查表。结果蚌埠市老年人日常生活能力平均值为(17.45±7.30)分,211位老年人出现ADL受损,受损率为28.28%。年龄大(OR=21.66,95%CI=10.91~43.00)、从不锻炼身体(OR=3.46,95%CI=1.90~6.27)、患慢性疾病(OR=0.07,95%CI=0.03~0.16)、有housebound(OR=0.10,95%CI=0.05~0.20)是影响老年人ADL的危险因素。结论影响老年人ADL的因素包括躯体、社会和环境各方面,应根据具体影响因素采取相应措施,预防和控制老年人ADL受损。     

氟硒镉致大鼠睾丸脂质过氧化及微量元素变化

目的 探讨氟硒镉对大鼠睾丸脂质过氧化及微量元素变化的影响。方法 将氟硒镉经饮水染毒大鼠，10周后检测睾丸中脂质过氧化物（LPO）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）及镉硒锌铁的含量。结果 与对照组比较，氟、镉组LPO含量明显增高，GSH—Px显著降低，硒组没有明显改变。任意二联及三联时LPO含量较氟硒镉单独组明显降低，GSH—Px明显增高。各实验组硒无明显变化，氟组的镉硒锌铁也无明显改变，镉组的镉、铁显著增高，硒组、氟硒组的锌、铁显著增高，镉硒、氟镉以及氯硒镉组的镉、铁里明显升高。结论 氟、镉可引起大鼠睾丸脂质过氧化作用增强。抗氧化酶活性降低，硒的影响甚微。当三者任意二联时可降低脂质过氧化作用，三联时作用更强。硒可降低镉在睾丸中的蓄积，同时提高硒、锌水平，氟硒镉均可引起睾丸中铁水平升高，并有协同作用。     

Heavy Metals in Aquatic Macrophytes from Two Small Rivers Polluted by Urban,Agricultural and Textile Industry Sewages SW Poland

This article presents the results from a study of the comparison of 2 lowland rivers: the Olobok and the Pilawa in southwest Poland polluted by urban, agricultural, and textile industry sewages. pH and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfate were measured in water samples and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, and Zn were measured in stream bottom sediments and in the aquatic macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Callitriche verna, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton natans, and Ceratophyllum demersum from the river Olobok and Elodea canadensis, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton crispus, and Veronica beccabunga from the river Pilawa. The matrix of concentrations of 16 elements in 27 plant samples of 7 species from 15 sampling sites of 2 rivers and concentrations of 15 elements and pH in water samples and 16 elements and pH in bottom sediment samples of these sites was submitted to numerical classification, which revealed that sampling sites from the rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1 of principal component analysis (PCA), which was related to the pH of water, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Ni in water and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, and S in bottom sediments. More polluted parts of both rivers were differentiated from less polluted parts by the value of factor 2 of PCA, which was related to Pb, Zn, and sulfates in water and Ca and Zn in bottom sediments. Macrophytes from the Olobok and Pilawa rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1, which was related to Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, N, Na, Pb, and S. Groups of macrophytes of more and less polluted parts of both rivers differed by the value of factor 2, which was related to P, K, and Mn. Downstream of the sewage outputs in both rivers, a significantly increased level of pollution occurs with elements correlated with factor 1: Among others were Cu and Cr, typical for the textile industry along the river Pilawa, and among others were Mn and Ni, typical for the urban and agricultural activities in the river Olobok.     

Capitalism, psychiatry, and schizophrenia: a critical introduction to Deleuze and Guattari's Anti-Oedipus

Abstract Published in 1972, Anti-Oedipus was the first of a number of collaborative works between the French philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, and the French psychoanalyst and political activist, Felix Guattari. As the first of a two-volume body of work that bears the subtitle, Capitalism and Schizophrenia , Anti-Oedipus is, to say the least, an unconventional work that should be understood, in part, as a product of its time – created as it was among the political and revolutionary fervour engendered by the events of 'May 1968'. However, this paper will suggest that Anti-Oedipus – as a critique of psychoanalysis and the Oedipus complex, as well as being a study of the relationship between capitalism and schizophrenia – should also be understood in a less 'time-bound' fashion. In particular, the paper will examine Deleuze and Guattari's formulation of a concept of 'desire' and its employment in relation to subjectivity, time, capitalism, representation, and the radical 'therapeutic' practice that they refer to as 'schizoanalysis'. Moreover, nearly 40 years after the events of May 1968 and against possible doubts concerning the contemporary relevance of psychoanalysis, it will be suggested that psychoanalysis and the Oedipus complex are to be understood as symptomatic of a wider 'malaise' that can be discerned within psychiatry, psychotherapy, and contemporary capitalist society itself, and that it is this that forms the broader target of the book's critique. Accordingly, by providing an accessible and critical introduction to Anti-Oedipus , the paper also hopes to stimulate further discussion and research regarding both the critique and the contribution that the work can make to contemporary psychiatry, psychotherapy, and mental health nursing generally.     

Occupational asthma prevention and management in industry--an example of a global programme

Isocyanates are widely used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams, plastics, coatings and adhesives, and are known to cause occupational asthma in a proportion of exposed workers. Substitution as a prevention strategy is not currently a feasible option. For this reason, health and safety professionals working together in an automotive coatings business created a proactive global programme to address the known potential effects of isocyanates on its workers. The goals of the programme are prevention, early detection and mitigation of effect of key endpoints, especially asthma and to a lesser degree dermatitis, in people who are occupationally exposed, or potentially exposed, to isocyanates and products containing isocyanates. The surveillance programme for isocyanates has several important components, which include assessment of exposure, pre-placement questionnaire and spirometry, training and education of employees, regularly administered periodic questionnaires, medical assessment for abnormal questionnaire responses, process for early reporting and investigation of symptomatic employees and incidents, group data review and management reporting. Although regional differences exist regarding availability of specialized services, we have successfully implemented this programme in parts of North America, Europe and Latin America, and are currently implementing elsewhere. These simple control measures are relatively inexpensive and can be applied in even small business settings. It is recommended that all employers who manufacture, handle or use isocyanate-containing products consider such a strategy.     

重症监护中心患者感染病原菌及耐药谱分析

目的探讨某院重症监护中心(ICU)患者感染病原菌种类、对常用抗菌药物耐药谱等,为临床和医院感染科管理提供第一手资料。方法采用K-B法对28种常用抗菌药物进行耐药率测定、纸片扩散初筛和确证试验检测ESBLs、并进行MRSA、MRCNS和VRE测定。结果在201份阳性标本中共培养出264株菌,其中G-杆菌192株,占72.7%,主要为PAE、ABA、KPN、ECO和SMA;G 菌43株,占16.3%,主要为EC、SAU和CNS;真菌29株,占11.0%,主要为白色念珠菌;病原菌抗药性强,G-杆菌对IPM、AZT、CAZ、FEP、CFS、AMK、CIP不同程度敏感,G 菌对VAN、SXT、RIF、NIF不同程度敏感;KPN、ECO的ESBLs为64.7%和64.3%、MRSA80.0%、MRCNS 66.7%、VRE 22.2%。结论ICU患者感染病原菌以G-杆菌为主,提示临床医生提高标本送检率,控制抗菌药物滥用,降低细菌耐药性,提高治愈率。     

Évaluation des dépenses énergétiques et des apports énergétiques conseillés pour les enfants et les adolescents sportifs de haut niveau de performance

In spite of the impact of nutrition on growth and sport performance, data on energy expenditure (EE) of athletic children and adolescents are scarce, and no RDA are available. Dietary records are known to underestimate EE and requirements. Therefore, energy RDA have beeen elaborated using a factorial method from the results of 7-day-activity records in 200 elite athletic adolescents, boys and girls practicing soccer, basketball, handball, rugby, 1 to 5km races, triathlon, pole vaulting, judo. The energy costs of the various activities were drawn from our data and the literature, and adjusted in concert with coaches. The proposed RDA are tabulated according to body weight and duration of sport activities, and are valid for groups of peer athletes.     

2014—2017年重庆市长寿区中小学生营养状况分析

目的 掌握长寿区中小学生营养现状及变化趋势,为有关部门制定营养健康管理措施提供参考依据。方法 按照《全国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》的测试要求,2014—2017年对长寿区在校中小学生进行学生健康体检,对营养不良(生长迟缓、消瘦)和超重、肥胖检出率的变化,分性别和不同学段进行统计、分析,并与重庆市中小学生营养状况抽样调查结果进行横向比较。结果 2014—2017年中小学生营养不良检出率分别为9.60%、6.15%、5.36%、5.68%,其中,生长迟缓检出率上升了0.95%,消瘦检出率下降了4.87%,四年间逐年下降。营养不良检出率男生高于女生。2014—2017年中小学生超重检出率分别为9.47%、10.42%、11.43%、12.72%,肥胖检出率分别为5.06%、5.65%、6.71%、7.65%,逐年持续增长,男生超重检出率分别比女生高4.09%、3.26%、3.68%、3.43%,男生肥胖检出率分别比女生高3.04%、3.09%、3.83%、3.98%,(P<0.01)。男女生超重、肥胖检出率均逐年增长,男生超重、肥胖检出率分别增长了3.58%、3.06%,比女生增长幅度分别高0.66%、0.94%。长寿区中小学生超重、肥胖检出率增长幅度均高于重庆市平均水平。结论 2014—2017年长寿区中小学生营养不良检出率逐年下降,而超重、肥胖则持续增长。社会、学校、家庭等应协同配合,加强中小学生营养健康教育,加强体育锻炼,科学合理膳食。     

Sexuality in Samoan art forms

This article explores the manifestations of sexuality in Samoa as they are revealed through songs, poetry, dance, gestures, verbal expressions, stories, and games. For each of these art forms, texts and translations of original material are presented, as an aid to discerning the uses and functions of sexuality as they are applied by Samoans for Samoans; to this end, formalized joking of various types is seen as the medium through which the humorous element of sexuality is expressed. Elsewhere, sexuality functions to achieve and sustain individual attention. The explicitly sexual references in funeral and marriage songs, on the other hand, constitute affirmations of social values, incorporated in long-established rites. In what is tantamount to artistic license, performance of song, poetry, and dance containing sexual elements or references that would be prohibited in other contexts is constituted as acceptable behavior. In marked contrast to nineteenth-century writings, and the opinions of the popular press, sexuality in Samoa is far from free in its modes of expression, but rather adheres to traditional formalized patterns which determine its occasions, participants, and verbal and kinetic limits. Although not indispensable as a means of personal expression, it generally provides additional opportunities for the creative and aggressive individual to demonstrate his artistic talents and thereby contribute to his own social elevation. As an element of verbalized group sentiment, it is a positive assertion of Samoan values, a statement of social solidarity.     

Influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites on stem cell biology

Proinflammatory cytokines and essential fatty acids (EFAs) and their metabolites are altered in coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and collagen vascular diseases, indicating that these diseases not only are low-grade systemic inflammatory conditions but also have defects in the metabolism of EFAs. EFAs and their metabolites such as eicosanoids, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins, and nitrolipids are biologically active molecules that regulate gene expression and enzyme activity, modulate inflammation, the immune response, and gluconeogenesis by direct and indirect pathways, function directly as agonists of a number of G-protein-coupled receptors, and thus regulate several cellular processes. EFAs and their metabolites activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases and stimulate gluconeogenesis and cell proliferation by Ca²⁺, phospholipase C/protein kinase, events that are also necessary for stem cell proliferation. Stem cells are pluripotent and expected to be of benefit in the management of many clinical conditions. Therefore, I propose that the beneficial actions of EFAs and their metabolites seen in coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cancer, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and collagen vascular diseases could be ascribed to their ability to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in addition to their capacity to suppress inflammation.     

中国婴儿睡眠状况评估量表的编制与评价研究

目的 编制适用于我国1岁以下婴儿的睡眠状况评估量表,评价其信度、效度和可行性。方法 根据婴儿睡眠发育年龄特点,将量表划分为0～3个月和4～11个月两个年龄段。首先按照量表编制框架的睡眠节律、入睡行为、夜醒、睡眠呼吸4个维度建立条目池,然后依次通过条目初筛、修改、项目分析、效度分析、信度分析和验证性因子分析完成量表的编制和评价。结果 婴儿睡眠状况评估量表(0～3个月)和婴儿睡眠状况评估量表(4～11个月)均包含睡眠节律、入睡行为、夜醒和睡眠呼吸4个因子14个条目,条目内容略有不同,累积解释总变异量分别为56.61%、55.02%。两个量表所有条目的内容效度指数介于0.83～1.00。两个量表在入睡潜伏期、夜醒次数、睡眠时间3个条目与简明婴儿睡眠问卷(BISQ)呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.31、0.41、0.39和0.32、0.66、0.38。社区婴儿与门诊婴儿在两个量表总分以及绝大部分因子(除0～3个月量表睡眠呼吸因子)上的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两个量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.681、0.673,重测信度分别为0.75和0.74。结论 两个量表具有比较稳定的因子结构及较好的信效度,可以用于婴儿睡眠问题的早期筛查。