急性跟腱断裂治疗的新方法

跟腱断裂术后往往均用石膏固定踝关节。1995年起，作者等对急性跟腱疑合法和术后一种新的踝关节可活动石膏固定。30例新鲜跟腱断裂患者均采用跟腱4线疑合法，术后随机分成2组，新的石膏固定和传统石膏固定比较。术后随访1年，无1例跟腱再断裂，新疗法正常踝关节活动度和跖屈肌力的恢复好，腓肠肌萎缩病例数少，并发症少。     

急性跟腱断裂修复术后短腿石膏托固定的可行性研究

目的利用活体动物模型探索急性跟腱断裂修复术后应用短腿石膏进行固定的可行性。方法通过力学实验检测踝关节极度跖屈不同屈膝角度时跟腱处的拉力。建立急性跟腱断裂修复模型,分别应用长、短石膏进行固定3周,检测并比较分析术前、术后腓肠肌和股二头肌的拉力变化,通过组织学观察两种固定方式的跟腱组织愈合情况。结果当踝关节极度跖屈时,腓肠肌收缩在跟腱处产生的拉力与屈膝角度无关。长、短石膏固定后都会出现腓肠肌肌力减低,但长腿石膏固定组更加显著;同时长腿石膏固定组还会导致股二头肌肌力显著性减低,而短腿石膏固定组则不会。两组跟腱组织愈合情况相近,无显著性差异。结论在急性跟腱断裂修复术后应用短腿石膏固定是可行的,不会影响跟腱组织的愈合。     

腓骨长肌前侧半修复跟腱断裂体会

目的探讨腓骨长肌前侧半修复跟腱断裂的疗效。方法采用腓骨长肌前侧半修复16例不同类型跟腱断裂,术后短腿石膏固定患肢,4周后拆除石膏行功能锻炼。按照Arner-Lindholm标准评价临床治疗结果。结果手术切口5～8 cm,手术时间30～70 min,术中出血约20～50 mL。手术后切口甲级愈合14例,乙级愈合2例。住院时间3～14 d,随访18～24个月,均未出现跟腱再断裂。按Arner-Lindholm评定标准,优良率93.7%(15/16),踝关节功能恢复正常。结论腓骨长肌前侧半修复跟腱断裂,方法简便,效果满意,是一种值得推荐的治疗选择。     

跟腱断裂手术并发症原因分析

本组35例,均为男性患者。年龄23～48岁。新鲜跟腱断裂29例,陈旧性6例。手术方法:跟腱内侧纵形切口,断端直接缝合或翻瓣加强缝合,踝关节蹠屈位长腿石膏外固定4～6周。术后发生皮肤切口窦道、跟腱外露者6例;跟腱再次断裂3例,其中2例切口为Ⅰ期愈合,于术后5、6周发生再断裂;皮肤与跟腱粘连者4例。     

急性闭合性跟腱断裂经皮微创修复术后关节僵硬与踝关节功能预后的危险因素分析CSCD

目的：分析急性闭合性跟腱断裂经皮微创修复术后关节僵硬与踝关节功能预后的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析2019年1月至2022年1月接受经皮微创修复术治疗的120例急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者的病例资料,根据Arner-Lindholm评定法评估术后预后情况,将其分为预后良好组（90例）和预后不良组（30例）,探究急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者术后关节僵硬与踝关节功能改善情况。应用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析探究急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者术后预后情况的主要危险因素。结果：单因素分析显示急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者术后预后不良情况发生与性别、年龄、断裂位置、损伤范围、踝关节积液情况无关（P>0.05）;主要与断端间隙、伤口感染、并发踝关节骨折、术后外固定时间、术后负重时间、延迟治疗、腓肠神经损伤、再断裂的情况有关（P<0.05）。以急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者术后预后情况为因变量,选取单因素分析中P<0.05的变量作为自变量,行多因素logistic回归分析,结果发现,并发踝关节骨折、断端间隙、延迟治疗、伤口感染、再断裂、术后负重时间、腓肠神经损伤、术后外固定时间为急性闭合性跟腱断裂患者术后发生预后不良情况的主要因素（P<0.05）。与术后1个月相比,术后3个月患者的踝关节活动度、踝关节跖屈肌力、跟腱长度、跟腱完全断裂评分（ATRS）、美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝-后足评分有所提升;与术后3个月相比,术后7个月患者的踝关节活动度、跟腱长度、踝关节跖屈肌力、AOFAS评分、ATRS评分显著上升（P<0.05）。结论：通过经皮微创修复术对急性闭合性跟腱断裂进行干预,可有效改善患者踝关节功能,缓解跟腱活动度。并发踝关节骨折、延迟治疗、腓肠神经损伤、断端间隙、伤口感染、再断裂、术后负重及外固定时间为患者预后不良情况发生的主要危险因素。     

跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变的手术治疗

[目的]介绍跟骨结节切除带线铆钉止点重建术治疗跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变的手术技术。[方法]7例跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变患者采用跟骨结节及变性跟腱切除、带线铆钉止点重建术。术中切除足够大的跟骨骨块,切除变性坏死跟腱,对于缺损较小者(2 cm)直接行带线铆钉缝合固定于跟骨,缺损较大者(2 cm)采取腓肠肌腱V-Y延长技术及自体肌腱移植来恢复跟腱长度和维持后期踝关节功能。延长跟腱,带线铆钉跟腱止点重建,术后石膏固定4周。[结果]术后1例切口出现红肿,经伤口换药、升级抗生素后愈合。7例获6个月~2年随访,采用Arner-Lindholm评分标准,临床结果评定为优6足,良1足。所有患者踝关节背伸跖屈功能正常。[结论]跟骨结节及变性跟腱切除、带线铆钉止点重建术治疗跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病具有较好的临床疗效,术中细致操作、足够大的骨块切除、变性坏死跟腱的切除、带线铆钉止点重建等是手术成功的关键。     

跟腱断裂术后即刻功能锻炼的临床研究

目的:通过与跟腱断裂术后2周进行功能锻炼及下地部分负重行走的比较,探讨跟腱断裂术后即刻功能锻炼及下地部分负重行走对患肢功能及跟腱再断裂的影响。方法:将2012年3月至2013年3月收治的64例闭合性跟腱断裂手术患者分为两。治疗组34例,男18例,女16例;年龄(41.4±7.6)岁;于术后第2天即行功能锻炼及佩戴支具下地部分负重行走。对照组30例,男16例,女14例;年龄(39.9±7.6)岁;术后予患肢短腿石膏跖屈位固定2周,2周后行功能锻炼及佩戴支具下地部分负重行走。两组患者由同一组医生采用相同的手术方式处理,观察并比较两组患者AOFAS踝关节功能评分、跟腱再断裂及伤口并发症情况。结果 :术后2个月AOFAS评分治疗组74.3±3.9,对照组71.7±4.2,治疗组高于对照组;术后1年治疗组93.3±3.9,对照组92.0±4.1,两组比较差异无统计学意义。术后治疗组无跟腱再断裂,对照组1例发生跟腱再断裂;术后治疗组2例发生伤口并发症,对照组1例发生并发症,差异无统计学意义。结论:跟腱断裂术后患者即刻功能锻炼,踝关节AOFAS功能评分优于固定2周后再行功能锻炼,同时不增加术后跟腱再断裂率及并发症发生率,有利于患肢功能恢复。     

钢丝限制环治疗早期跟腱断裂

跟腱断裂是一种常见创伤。由于局部解剖及力学特殊性,对新鲜损伤的修复难度大,疗效欠佳。故传统介绍的手术方法也较多。但术后并发症发生率仍较高,转为陈旧性损伤,更增加了治疗难度。或长期石膏跖屈位固定,造成踝关节畸形僵硬。笔者自1996～2003年1月将髌骨下极撕脱骨折张力限制环内固定法进一步应用于早期跟腱断裂的修复,取得满意效果。     

腓骨短肌转移治疗跟腱修复术后再断裂

[目的]总结以腓骨短肌转移治疗跟腱修复术后再断裂的手术方法和效果。[方法]本组患者共11例,男10例,女1例。年龄26～51岁,平均37.5岁。外院予行初次手术时均为新鲜闭合性断裂,所用术式包括腓肠肌腱瓣翻转缝合1例和直接端端缝合10例。初次修复术后因皮肤坏死、功能操练不当或再次受伤而发生再断裂。再断裂至再次手术的时间为1～3周。再次手术时均采用腓骨短肌转移修复跟腱;1例局部皮肤坏死者予以清创、跟腱修复并游离移植股前外侧皮瓣覆盖创面。术后6周依次采用长腿石膏前托、长腿管型石膏、短腿管型石膏固定;积极而循序渐进地进行功能操练。[结果]所有病例术后随访12～18个月,平均14个月。手术切口均顺利愈合,1例游离移植皮瓣完全存活。2例术后发生足部外侧感觉减退,术后2～3周恢复。所有患者均未发生跟腱的再次断裂及足内翻畸形。根据Arner/Lindholm跟腱修复疗效标准进行评定,优6例,良4例,差1例,优良率为90.9%。[结论]腓骨短肌移植可以填补跟腱缺损,同时保证修补部位的力学强度和愈合,从而利于术后功能操练的顺利进行,并且对踝关节的外翻功能不会造成明显损害,是治疗跟腱修复术后再断裂的良好选择。     

TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的 探讨TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床疗效.方法 采用TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法修补陈旧性跟腱断裂患者11例,术中用改良Kessler法对位缝合跟腱断端,再用2枚TwinFix带线锚钉辅助固定断裂跟腱.术后予患侧下肢屈膝90°、踝跖屈30°位长腿石膏托固定,3周后改踝跖屈石膏托固定.结果 11例均获随访,时间3～18个月.患者均未发生切口延期愈合、感染、皮肤坏死和跟腱再断裂等并发症.采用Arner-Lindholm评分标准评价疗效:优7例,良3例,差1例.结论 TwinFix带线锚钉辅助改良Kessler法手术操作简便,是修补陈旧性跟腱断裂的有效方法.     

两种方法治疗新鲜闭合跟腱断裂

目的 比较跟腱断裂通道微创修复和传统开放切口直视下修复治疗新鲜闭合跟腱断裂的疗效.方法 将43例新鲜闭合跟腱断裂患者根据治疗方法 不同分为微创组(采用跟腱断裂通道微创修复术治疗,25例)和传统组(采用传统开放切口直视下修复术治疗,18例).比较两组切口长度、手术时间、切口愈合时间、术后并发症、疼痛评分及踝关节功能评分....     

Rupture of the Achilles tendon--fibrin gluing or suture?]

The rise of recreational sports activities and the incidence of ruptures of the Achilles tendons has increased simultaneously. Recently the use of fibrin sealing for surgical therapy of ruptured Achilles tendons has emerged as an alternative technique. Between 1982 and 1989 62 consecutive patients were operated for unilateral Achilles tendon rupture. Following causes for ruptures are known: 36 indirect traumas in sport (74%), 9 direct blunt injuries at occupational work (18%), 3 traffic-accidents (11%) and 1 rupture after operation of a Haglund exostosis. 25 patients (56%) were treated by suture technique and 20 patients (44%) with fibrin sealant. The mean long term follow-up of 49 months is known of 49 patients. There were 3 (12%) postoperative infections in the suture group and none in the fibrin group. After suturing the Achilles tendon 3 (12%) reruptures occurred 8-10 weeks after tendon repair and 1 (5%) rerupture after fibrin sealing. All reruptures are caused by a new adequate trauma. The time of return to social and recreational activities was 9 months in the suture group and 7 months in the fibrin group. The functional and cosmetic results after use of fibrin was significant better, and the long-term results were very satisfactory. We prefer fibrin sealing for the treatment of acute ruptures of Achilles tendons.     

几丁糖联合带线锚钉Kessler缝合法治疗急性跟腱断裂

目的探讨几丁糖联合带线锚钉Kessler缝合法治疗急性闭合跟腱断裂的临床疗效。方法将34例患者按治疗方法分为两组,采用几丁糖联合带线锚钉Kessler缝合法修复为A组(17例),单纯Kessler缝合法修复为B组(17例)。对两种缝合方法进行临床疗效评价。结果患者手术切口均一期愈合。患者均获得随访,时间12~18个月。手术时间、术中出血量A组明显少于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);切口并发症、切口愈合时间两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);末次随访AOFAS评分、踝关节背伸及跖屈范围、末次随访患者满意度及疗效优良率A组均优于B组(P0.05)。结论几丁糖联合带线锚钉Kessler缝合法治疗急性跟腱断裂操作简便,疗效满意。     

Rupture of the Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle: Operation or Plaster Cast?: A Prospective Study

The material comprises 444 patients, aged 12-50 years, with acute sprain of the ankle, seen over an 11-month period (1.10. 1977 to 31.8. 1978). Clinical examination showed no rupture of the ligaments in 53. Arthrography in the remaining patients revealed rupture of the lateral ligaments in 209 (in two-thirds of the anterior talofibular ligament and in one-third of the anterior talofibular as well as calcaneofibular ligament). Conservative treatment with a below-knee plaster cast for 5 weeks was employed in 107 patients, while 102 were treated surgically by suture of the ruptured ligament(s) and subsequently wore a below-knee plaster cast for 5 weeks. The follow-up 1 year after the accident was attended by 63 per cent of the patients. Good results were found in 76 per cent of those treated by plaster cast only and in 81 per cent of those treated by surgery. The difference is not statistically significant.     

Comparison of three different treatments for ruptured lateral ankle ligaments

Two hundred consecutive patients with arthrographically verified rupture of one or both of the lateral ankle ligaments were allocated to treatment with either an operation and a walking cast, walking cast alone, or strapping with an inelastic tape-all for 5 weeks.

Eighty-seven percent of the patients attended follow-up after 1 year. Only 5 percent in each treatment group were unsatisfied with the result. There were no differences between the treatment groups in ankle stability or symptoms during different activities, regardless of rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament alone or combined with rupture of the calcaneofibular ligament.

However, the patients treated with tape had fewer symptoms, fewer complaints when running, and more ankles recovered to the preinjury state. Therefore, in lateral ankle ligament rupture, tape bandages seem preferable.     

Comparison of three different treatments for ruptured lateral ankle ligaments

Two hundred consecutive patients with arthrographically verified rupture of one or both of the lateral ankle ligaments were allocated to treatment with either an operation and a walking cast, walking cast alone, or strapping with an inelastic tape-all for 5 weeks.

Eighty-seven percent of the patients attended follow-up after 1 year. Only 5 percent in each treatment group were unsatisfied with the result. There were no differences between the treatment groups in ankle stability or symptoms during different activities, regardless of rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament alone or combined with rupture of the calcaneofibular ligament.

However, the patients treated with tape had fewer symptoms, fewer complaints when running, and more ankles recovered to the preinjury state. Therefore, in lateral ankle ligament rupture, tape bandages seem preferable.     

全关节镜下自体肌腱悬吊固定治疗老年非止点性MyersonⅢ型陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的探讨全关节镜下自体肌腱悬吊固定治疗老年非止点性MyersonⅢ型陈旧性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年2月至2019年2月采用全关节镜下自体肌腱悬吊固定治疗18例老年非止点性MyersonⅢ型陈旧性跟腱断裂患者资料,男12例,女6例;年龄60~79岁,平均65.3岁;右侧10例,左侧8例;受伤至手术时间6~32周,平均12周。术后采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝-后足评分、跟腱完全断裂评分(achilles tendon total rupture score,ATRS)评价足踝部功能恢复情况,按照Arner-Lindholm评分评定跟腱功能。结果术后18例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~50个月,平均18.6个月;无一例发生切口感染、腓肠神经损伤、跟腱再次断裂等并发症。末次随访时,跟腱连续性均得到重建,VAS、AOFAS踝-后足及ATRS评分分别为0分(0,1)、(92.6±4.3)分(范围86~100)分、(93.1±3.2)分(范围88~100分),与术前[4分(1,7)、(60.3±9.7)分(范围40~83分)、(55.7±10.6)分(范围42~80分)]比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z=2.334、t=34.541、t=64.773,均P<0.05)。根据Arner-Lindholm评分,优14例,良4例,优良率为100%(18/18)。末次随访时,1例患者不能完成单足提踵运动,因可忍受,未进一步治疗;1例诉长时间运动后有跟部轻微疼痛感,经持续拉伸跟腱锻炼后得到缓解。结论全关节镜下自体肌腱悬吊固定治疗老年非止点性MyersonⅢ型陈旧性跟腱断裂,近期临床效果满意,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点。     

Ambulatory operative treatment of fresh fibular ligament ruptures

Sudden accidental supination of the foot often causes the fibular ligament to be ruptured which is mostly mistaken for a sprained ankle and treated conservatively. From May 1977 to February 1984 we treated 431 cases of this kind surgically by suture of the ruptured ligament. Also in children suture of the ligament is indicated. The operation can be performed as an outpatient procedure.     

The effects of early mobilization in the healing of achilles tendon repair

Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits underwent suture repair of a tenotomy of the left achilles tendon. The rabbits were randomized into two groups of 12 animals; in group (A), the ankle was immobilized by pinning for 35 days, while in the group (B), the ankle was immobilized for only 14 days followed by active mobilization. Following sacrifice at 35 days postoperatively, the retrieved tendons were evaluated by biomechanical testing and histologic examination. Approximately 50% of stretching occurred in the first four days; average overall elongation was 9.5+/-1.0 mm and 12.7+/-1.5 mm (p=0.102) and average stiffness recovery was 67.4+/- 2.0% and 82.9 +/- 1.9% (p=0.0004) for groups A and B respectively. Histologically both groups demonstrated traces of disorganized neo-collagen fibers at the repair site as early as the fourth day with subsequent appearance of more mature collagen. The results obtained from our study favor early mobilization of the repaired tendon, which seems to restore the functional properties of the tendons more rapidly than continuous immobilization of an identical surgical repair.