Acculturation,Discrimination and 24-h Activity in Asian American Immigrant Women

Asian American immigrant (AAI) women may have suboptimal 24-h activity patterns due to traditional gender role and caregiving responsibilities. However, little is known about their objectively-measured activity. We measured AAI women’s 24-h activity patterns using accelerometry and examined cultural correlates of time in sedentary behavior (SB), light intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep. Seventy-five AAI women completed surveys on acculturation (years of U.S. residency and English proficiency), discrimination, and sleep quality, and 7 days of wrist- and hip-accelerometer monitoring. Linear regression was conducted controlling for age, BMI, and education. We also compared activity patterns across Asian subgroups (East, Southeast, South Asians). On average, AAI women had 33 min of MVPA, 6.1 h of LIPA, 10 h of SB, and 5.3 h of sleep per day. South Asian women had the longest SB and the shortest sleep and MVPA hours. English proficiency was negatively related to MVPA (p?=?0.03) and LIPA (p?<?0.01). Years of U.S. residency was positively related to SB (p?=?0.07). Discrimination was related to shorter (p?=?0.03) and poorer quality sleep (p?=?0.06). Culturally-tailored programs targeting SB and sleep and integrating coping strategies against discrimination could help optimize AAI women’s 24-h activity patterns.

     

Brief report: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health behaviors in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

BackgroundThere is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect health behaviors in youth, especially youth diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to examine changes in physical activity, screen-time, and sleep in adolescents with ASD due to the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsNine adolescents with ASD completed surveys measuring physical activity, screen-time, and sleep duration prior to and during the pandemic.ResultsA significant decrease in days of physical activity (4.17 vs 2.27; p = 0.0006), and a significant increase in hours of both weekday (3.69 vs 6.25; p = 0.007) and weekend screen-time (5.94 vs. 7.39; p = 0.004) was observed during the pandemic. No changes regarding sleep duration was observed.ConclusionsAlthough preliminary, results suggest that physical activity and screen-time may be negatively affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in youth with ASD. The development of interventions to promote health behaviors in ASD populations during long periods of less-structured time (quarantine) should be considered.     

中国儿童青少年体力活动现状的Meta分析

系统评价近10年内应用加速度计客观测量的中国儿童青少年中高强度体力活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,MVPA)水平及静态行为(sedentary behavior,SB),为中国儿童青少年体力活动干预及公共卫生决策提供可靠的基线数据.方法 通过Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、中国知网数据库检索2009年1月1日至2019年2月28日中国儿童青少年体力活动及静态行为相关的文献.依据基于PICOS原则制定的文献纳入和排除标准严格筛选文献.采用基于STROBE声明修订的文献质量评价表对文献质量进行评价.提取MVPA、SB时间等数据资料并应用CMA V2软件进行Meta分析.结果 共16篇文献(2012-2019年)进入Meta分析,样本量范围为96~2 163.Meta分析结果表明,中国儿童青少年日均MVPA时间为37.66 min/d,SB时间为539.61 min/d;男生MVPA高于女生(P<0.01);上学日的MVPA、SB均高于周末(P值均<0.05).结论 中国儿童青少年中高强度体力活动不足,静态行为较多;女孩中高强度体力活动尤其不足,上学日的中高强度体力活动时间及静态行为时间均高于周末日.     

Effects of reallocating physical activity,sedentary behaviors,and sleep on mental health in adolescents

ObjectivePhysical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep are associated with mental health in adolescents. Mental health may depend not only on the amount of time spent in a specific activity, but also on the activity it displaces. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of reallocating 15 min of time spent in one health behavior with 15 min in another on adolescent mental health.MethodsCross-sectional data from the students participating in the COMPASS Study (2018–2019) were analyzed (N = 46,413). Participants self-reported the amount of time they spent engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), doing homework and using screens, and their sleep duration on average each day, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and flourishing. Data were analyzed using isotemporal substitution modeling.ResultsAmong adolescents getting less than the recommended amount of sleep, replacing any behavior with sleep was generally associated with better mental health outcomes. Conversely, among adolescents getting adequate sleep, the findings did not support replacing other behaviors with sleep with the exception of screen time. Replacing homework and MVPA with sleep was associated with less flourishing regardless of sleep duration.ConclusionsReplacing screen time with any behavior may be better for mental health outcomes. Results provide further support for the critical role of sleep in promoting healthy development during adolescence, though more sleep than is recommended may confer little benefit for mental health. The findings demonstrate that mental health benefits may be obtainable at intervals as short as 15 min.     

Physical activity is not associated with feelings of mental energy and fatigue after being sedentary for 8 hours or more

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) on feelings of: 1) mental energy (ME), 2) physical energy (PE), 3) mental fatigue (MF) and 4) physical fatigue (PF) in participants who report sitting for less than 8 h (<8 h) compared to those who report sitting for greater than 8 h (>8 h) during the initial lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a longitudinal study design, we measured PA and SB using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ0SF) and feelings of ME, PE, MF, PF and fatigue using the Trait-State Mental and Physical Energy and Fatigue Questionnaire. Participants were then split into 2 groups, <8hr and >8hr. A series of step-wise regression models were used controlling for demographic factors and other lifestyle factors (e.g. sleep, mental workload, diet). Among the 473 participants in the <8hr group, PA was associated with increased PE and ME and decreased MF. However, of the 366 participants in the >8hr group PA was only associated with increased PE and decreased PF. We found PA was not significantly associated with ME and MF for participants who reported sitting >8hr. Our results suggest that sitting for >8hr may negate the positive benefits of PA on ME and MF. We recommend that individuals with low levels of ME and MF and who sit for >8hr to prioritize reducing their sitting time. For individuals with low levels of PE or PF, increasing PA is likely beneficial regardless of SB.     

Associations of Sleep With Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Patterns Across Pregnancy Trimesters

IntroductionSleep, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are altered in pregnancy and may affect pregnancy health; however, how these behaviors are associated with each other is unclear.MethodsPregnant women (N = 120) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and wore an activPAL3 micro and ActiGraph GT3X for 7 days in each trimester to assess sleep, sedentary behavior, and MVPA, respectively. Latent trajectories described patterns of sleep duration, efficiency, and quality as well as sedentary behavior and MVPA. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations of sleep patterns with sedentary behavior and MVPA patterns and, in exploratory analyses, with adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsTrajectories were identified for sleep duration (consistently short, 20.7% of sample; consistently adequate, 79.3%), efficiency (consistently low, 17.5%; consistently high, 82.5%), and quality (consistently poor, 15.1%; worsening, 23.5%; and consistently good, 61.5%). Compared with those in more optimal sleep groups, women in the short duration, low efficiency, and worsening quality groups had lower odds of being in the moderate and/or high sedentary behavior group (odds ratio range, 0.21–0.31; 95% confidence interval range, 0.09–0.65). Women in the worsening quality group had greater odds of being in the low MVPA group (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–5.38). Trends were observed with women in less optimal sleep groups having greater odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes and lower odds of excessive gestational weight gain.ConclusionsLess optimal sleep patterns in pregnancy are associated with less sedentary behavior and MVPA; additional research is needed to confirm associations between sleep and pregnancy outcomes.     

Changes in physical activity by context and residential greenness among recent retirees: Longitudinal GPS and accelerometer study

This study examined the changes in accelerometer-measured physical activity by GPS-measured contexts among Finnish retirees (n = 45 (537 measurement days)) participating in a physical activity intervention. We also assessed whether residential greenness, measured with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, moderated the changes. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased at home by 7 min/day, (P < 0.001) and during active travel by 5 min/day (P = 0.03). The participants with the highest vs. lowest greenness had 25 min/day greater increase in MVPA over the follow-up (P for Time*Greenness interaction = 0.04). In conclusion, retirees participating in the intervention increased their MVPA both at home and in active travel, and more so if they lived in a greener area.     

Sociodemographic and Lesbian-Specific Factors Associated with Physical Activity Among Adult Lesbians

BackgroundAlthough participation in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) results in health benefits, the majority of adult lesbians are not sufficiently active. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between sociodemographic factors (age, education level, body mass index [BMI], race, partner status, employment status, annual household income, general health status, diagnosis of chronic conditions, children under 18 years living at home) and lesbian-specific factors (connection with the lesbian community, public identification as a lesbian) to participation in MVPA.MethodsParticipants included 847 self-identified lesbians 18 to 74 years old (M_age = 40.5; SD = 11.6) who completed a 20-minute, web-based survey.FindingsThe binary logistic regression model that included the 10 demographic factors was significantly associated with MVPA, χ² (15, N = 847) = 105.62, p < .001. However, when the two lesbian-specific factors were added, the model did not improve significantly, χ² (2, N = 847) = 5.20, p = .07. BMI and general health status were significantly associated with MVPA (Wald χ² (2) = 19.5, p < .001) and (Wald χ² (4) = 41.2, p < .001). Obese participants had 54.5% lower odds than healthy weight participants to engage in sufficient amounts of MVPA. Participants who reported general health status as excellent compared with those who reported poor had 12.7 times greater odds of engaging in sufficient amounts of MVPA.ConclusionsFuture research should extend on this study by utilizing sampling methods that target the recruitment of lesbian women not actively involved in lesbian-related activities.     

Instability in daily life and depression: The impact of sleep variance between weekday and weekend in South Korean workers

South Korean workers have problems getting optimal sleep because they work excessively, and this affects their sleep duration and quality. To compensate for their lack of sleep on weekdays, South Korean workers have a different lifestyle on weekends, which is reflected by the terms ‘Hot Friday’ and ‘Monday Sickness’. However, an irregular lifestyle may be a risk factor for poor health even if insufficient sleep during weekdays is supplemented by sleep on the weekend. The objective of this study was to analyse the association between depressive mood and sleep duration variance on weekdays and weekends among South Korean workers. Data from the 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between variance in sleep duration and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) score. Additional sub‐group analyses were performed to evaluate associations between variance in sleep duration and sex, marital status and perceived health status. The average sleep duration was 419.44 min on weekdays and 463.29 min on weekends. The average sleep duration on weekends was 11.73% longer than on weekdays. There was a positive association between variance in sleep and PHQ‐9 score (per 1% increased, β = 0.002, p = .0074), and variance in sleep duration affected health regardless of the direction of the change (positive: increased sleep or negative: decreased sleep). Further, sub‐group analyses showed that variances in sleep duration are associated with increased PHQ‐9 scores in females and in individuals who were single or who had problems in their marriage. Our findings suggest that there is a relationship between variance in sleep duration and depressive symptoms among South Korean workers. Thus, healthcare professionals should suggest alternatives for optimal sleep duration and sleep methods to ensure the psychiatric health of workers.     

24-h movement behaviors among autistic adults: Differences by sex,age, and level of independence

BackgroundAutistic adults have low levels of physical activity [PA], high levels of sedentary behavior [SB], and insufficient sleep. Not known is the extent to which engagement in these movement behaviors vary by sex, age, and level of independence in activities of daily living (ADLs).ObjectiveTo characterize movement behaviors in a national sample of autistic adults by sex, age, and level of independence in ADLs.MethodsA national sample of autistic adults and caregivers of autistic adults self-reported PA, SB and sleep behaviors as well as demographic variables using an electronic survey. Levels of engagement in movement behaviors were described, and compared by sex, age (young-adult versus middle-age), and level of independence in ADLs.ResultsData were collected on 361 autistic adults (60.3% male, n = 217, m^age = 30.82 years, SD = 10.24). Overall, 44% did not meet the PA guideline; PA guideline adherence was lowest among males and those who were dependent on others in ADLs. Overall, the SB guideline was not met by 43% of the sample at weekdays and 48% at weekends. SB guideline adherence was lowest among adults who were middle-aged, and those who were fully independent in ADLs. Overall, 35.2% did not meet the total sleep time (TST) guideline. Middle-aged autistic adults had the lowest adherence to the TST guideline.ConclusionsThese finding should prompt researchers to consider these demographic differences, and tailor research and programmatic efforts to account for the unique movement behavior profiles of different segments of this heterogenous population.     

Prevalence and risk factors of the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment and to identify its associated demographic, psychosocial and behavioural factors. Participants were recruited from 32 neighbourhoods using multistage sampling method in Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. A total of 1585 older adults were included who lived in community, were 75 years or older and without a clinical diagnosis of dementia. Based on the presences of frailty (using the modified frailty phenotype criteria) and/or cognitive impairment (using Chinese version Mini-Mental Status Examination stratified by educational level), the participants were classified into four groups: normal, cognitive impairment alone, frailty alone and co-occurrence. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the demographic, psychosocial (depression, social participation and social support) and behavioural (sedentary lifestyle and sleep problems) characteristics associated with the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment. The prevalence of frailty alone, cognitive impairment alone and the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment in the study sample were 7%, 26.94% and 7.19% respectively. The results of multinomial logistic regression show the following characteristics significantly associated with the co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment: advanced age (81–85 years old, Odds Ratio, OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.10–3.59; 86 years or older, OR = 6.43, 95% CI = 3.66–11.29), number of co-morbidities (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.01–1.77), depression (OR = 3.88, 95% CI = 2.39–6.29), social participation (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39–0.96), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.66–4.34) and sleep problems (insomnia occasionally, OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.07–3.17; insomnia every day, OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.33–4.26). The co-occurrence of physical frailty and cognitive impairment is a prevalent health issue in oldest old community-dwelling older adults. Advanced age, co-morbidity, depression, sedentary lifestyle and sleep problems are risk factors for cognitive frailty while good social participation may have a protective effect on it.     

Peer Reviewed: Patterns of Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults

Introduction

Little is known about patterns of physical activity in overweight and obese adults, although they are at high risk for chronic disease and can benefit from physical activity. We describe patterns of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and MVPA in bouts of 10 minutes or longer in overweight and obese adults.

Methods

Overweight and obese participants (n = 1,648) who were screened for the multicenter Weight Loss Maintenance Trial wore RT3 accelerometers for at least 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day. We determined minutes spent in moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and MVPA overall, by weekday vs weekend, and by time of day. We also measured bouts of at least 10 minutes of sustained MVPA.

Results

Participants were active for an average of 15.8 minutes per day. Among those who engaged in bouts of MVPA, the average bout was 33.3 minutes long. Participants who were younger than 50 years, male, non-African American, or overweight were more active than were those who were older than 50, female, African American, or obese. Participants were more active on weekends than on weekdays and in the morning than in the afternoon or evening. Only 2% of participants were active for 60 or more minutes per day.

Conclusion

We found differences in physical activity patterns by demographic characteristics, day, and time of day. Weekend mornings may be an opportune time to promote additional physical activity.     

Elementary school practices and children's objectively measured physical activity during school

Objective

To examine the relation of physical activity practices covering physical education (PE), recess, and classroom time in elementary schools to children's objectively measured physical activity during school.

Methods

Participants were 172 children from 97 elementary schools in the San Diego, CA and Seattle, WA USA regions recruited in 2009–2010. Children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during school was assessed via accelerometry, and school practices were assessed via survey of school informants. Multivariate linear mixed models were adjusted for participant demographics and unstandardized regression coefficients are reported. The 5 practices with the strongest associations with physical activity were combined into an index to investigate additive effects of these practices on children's MVPA.

Results

Providing ≥ 100 min/week of PE (B = 6.7 more min/day; p = .049), having ≤ 75 students/supervisor in recess (B = 6.4 fewer min/day; p = .031), and having a PE teacher (B = 5.8 more min/day; p = .089) were related to children's MVPA during school. Children at schools with 4 of the 5 practices in the index had 20 more min/day of MVPA during school than children at schools with 0 or 1 of the 5 practices (p < .001).

Conclusions

The presence of multiple school physical activity practices doubled children's physical activity during school.     

The association between well-being and a large variation of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary behavior measures

Higher well-being has been associated with more physical activity (PA) and less sedentary behavior (SB), both when assessed by self-report or accelerometers. Most studies using accelerometer data only examined estimates of total volume or daily average of PA/SB in relation to well-being. Taking into account the richness of accelerometer data, we investigated the association of different measures of SB, light PA (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and well-being including the combined effect and the PA/SB timing and patterns. We explored whether results differed between occupational and non-occupational time.In an adult sample (n = 660, M_age: 30.4, SD = 8.1, 74.5% female), we applied pre-registered analyses. First, we created different global scores of SB, LPA and MVPA based on 4 to 7-days of Actigraph data and investigated associations with well-being, i.e., defined as life satisfaction. These analyses were done using raw scores and transformed scores using compositional data analysis. Next, we applied multilevel models including time of the day and well-being as predictors of PA/SB. Finally, we clustered participants based on PA/SB intensity, timing and accumulation and explored differences in well-being across clusters.In total wear time, there were no associations between different measures of SB/LPA/MVPA and well-being. Restricting to non-occupational wear time, less total SB and more total LPA were associated with higher well-being, both in absolute and relative sense. Well-being was not associated with the PA/SB timing or patterns. In conclusion, beyond the association between total non-occupational SB and LPA and well-being, the PA/SB timing or patterns had no added value in explaining the association between PA/SB and well-being.     

小学生体力活动久坐行为与超重肥胖风险关系

  目的  探讨中度到大强度体力活动(moderate to vigorous physical activity, MVPA)和久坐行为与小学生超重/肥胖风险之间的关联, 为改善小学生不良生活方式提供参考。  方法  2018年11—12月对广东省某市949名9~12岁小学生进行横断面调查。根据体质量指数(BMI)将小学生划分为正常和超重/肥胖两组。实验对象24 h戴腕表式Gene active加速度计, 对MVPA和久坐时间进行区分和记录。由父母记录并提供小学生的屏幕时间。采用Possion回归分析MVPA、久坐时间、屏幕时间与超重/肥胖风险之间独立关联。  结果  20.8%(197名)的小学生超重/肥胖。小学生符合MVPA推荐值比例为22.1%(210名), 上学日久坐时间(不包括睡眠时间)为60.8%(577名), 高达8.5 h/d。仅有12.3%(117名)的小学生屏幕时间≤2 h/d。与Q4相比, MVPA为Q1的小学生与正常组小学生相比, 其超重/肥胖的风险比体质量正常的小学生高出4.38倍(P < 0.01), 且与久坐时间无关。与符合MVPA推荐值的小学生相比, 未达到MVPA推荐值的小学生的超重/肥胖风险增加了2.54倍(95%CI=1.59~3.77)。每天>2 h的小学生超重/肥胖的风险比每天≤2 h的小学生增加了1.87倍(95%CI=1.21~3.02)。  结论  MVPA时间越长, 超重/肥胖的风险越低。能达到MVPA时间要求的小学生比例偏低, 小学生的屏幕时间大多超出推荐值。     

儿童青少年24 h活动行为与肥胖关联的系统评价

目的 针对基于成分数据分析的研究，系统评价身体活动(physical activity, PA)、久坐行为(sedentary behavior, SB)和睡眠与肥胖的关联或等时替代效应，为儿童青少年肥胖干预提供参考。方法 在中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed、SPORTDiscus、Web of Science和Medline数据库检索发表于2014年1月1日至2022年5月1日的相关研究。2名有经验的评价员独立完成文献的筛选、数据提取以及质量评估。结果 共纳入文献16篇，文献质量得分范围为7～12分。中高强度身体活动(moderate to vigorous physical activity, MVPA)、睡眠与肥胖均呈负相关，且MVPA替代其他行为可降低肥胖风险，替代时间为1.5～60 min/d。低强度身体活动(light physical activity, LPA)、SB与肥胖均呈正相关(P值均<0.05)。结论MVPA是儿童青少年肥胖干预的主要着眼点，在现有身体活动水平的基础上，每周增加60 min的MVPA可能是降低肥胖风险的最小量。     

Physical Activity of Mexican-Heritage Youth During the Summer and School-Year: The Role of Parenting Strategies

Mexican-heritage youth living along the U.S.-Mexico border have higher rates of obesity than non-Hispanic Whites. Parenting strategies may influence youth physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) mitigating these obesity rates; however, parenting strategies have not been well examined in Hispanic cultures. Therefore, we examined relationships between parenting strategies and PA and SB of Mexican-heritage youth. Mother-child dyads (n?=?121 dyads) were surveyed during the summer and school-year. Quantile regression estimated relationships between parenting strategies, and PA and SB. Summer. Reinforcement was negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) among more active youth (β?=??364.4); limit setting was negatively associated with SB among less sedentary youth (β?=??23.3); and use of discipline was negatively associated with sedentary screen time in youth reporting less screen use (β?=??3.2). School-year. Males reported more MVPA (773.9 min/week) than females (738.7 min/week). Reinforcement was positively associated with weekly MVPA among more active youth (β?=?173.6), fewer sedentary minutes/week among all youth, and fewer sedentary screen time minutes among less sedentary youth (β?=??6.4). Parenting strategies are related with PA and SB. Investigators should focus on identifying modifiable parenting strategies to address the various needs presented during summertime and school-year for Mexican-heritage youth.     

Defining a valid day of accelerometer monitoring in adults with mental illness

IntroductionA valid day of accelerometry is commonly defined as an absolute duration of wear time. Data processing inconsistencies can arise when using absolute valid-day criteria for adults with varied waking hours. The aim was to compare the use of absolute and relative valid-day criteria in a sample of adults with mental illness.MethodsData were from 99 non-institutionalised adults with mental illness. Participants were asked to wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer continuously for seven days, and to note sleep and non-wear times. Absolute valid-day criteria were defined as a set number of hours/day, and relative criteria as a proportion of waking hours. The mean waking duration, non-wear time, and time spent in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), were derived from accelerometer data, and compared for a range of absolute and relative criteria. The potential inaccuracy of PA and SB estimates were also estimated.ResultsUse of absolute criteria systematically biased the sample toward those with longer waking hours, and resulted in a median of 86% (IQR = 47%–198%) more non-wear time than relative criteria. The potential inaccuracy of SB was from −2.5% to 0% with relative criteria, and from −2.2% to 10.6% for absolute criteria.ConclusionsFor participant samples with varied waking hours, such as adults with mental illness, a valid-day criterion should be based on the proportion of waking hours, rather than the absolute time. The specific valid-day criterion should be chosen for each study independently, and be accompanied with a measure of the non-wear time.     

Daily movement patterns and biological markers among adults in the United States

ObjectiveTo examine the combined effects of sedentary (SED), light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on biological markers among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.MethodsData from the 2003–2006 NHANES study was used, with 5580 adults (≥ 20 years) included in the study. Participants wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer with accelerometry data used to create four movement pattern groups: ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA and LPA ≥ SED; ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA and LPA < SED; < 150 min/week of MVPA but LPA ≥ SED; and < 150 min/week of MVPA and LPA < SED. Blood samples were taken to assess various biological parameters (e.g., cholesterol).Results47.2% (SE: 1.2) of Americans engaged in < 150 min/week of MVPA and had a negative LPA–SED balance. In general, participants who engaged in ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA, regardless of LPA–SED balance, had more favorable biological levels; however, there was evidence showing that even if individuals engaged in < 150 min/week of MVPA, but if their LPA exceeded SED, they had more favorable levels of triglycerides and insulin.ConclusionsPrograms are needed to increase American's engagement in MVPA, and also ensure that LPA exceeds SED behavior.