慢性粒细胞白血病患者sorcin基因表达及其临床意义

目的探讨慢性粒细胞白血病患者可溶性耐药相关钙结合蛋白（sorcin）基因表达与临床耐药和疗效的关系。方法应用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）检测31例慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）患者（CML组）和27例健康人（对照组）sorcin基因表达。结果CML组sorcin基因阳性表达率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），其急变期患者阳性率高于慢性期和加速期患者（P分别为0．03和0．18）；CML临床耐药者sorcin基因表达显著高于非临床耐药者，疗效显著低于非临床耐药者。结论CML患者sorcin基因呈高表达，与临床耐药和预后密切相关；sorcin表达可作为检测临床耐药和判断CML患者预后的指标之一。     

肺耐药蛋白在急性白血病中的表达及意义

目的 探讨急性白血病（AL）患者骨髓单个核细胞肺耐药蛋白（LRP）的表达及意义。方法 采用LRP单克隆抗体、流式细胞技术分别测定15例单纯缺铁性贫血患者（对照组）和65例AL患者（AL组）LRP的表达率。结果 LRP的表达率在初治和复发／难治急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患者分别高于初治和复发／难治急性髓细胞白血病（AML）患者（P均〈0．05）；AML中M5亚型表达率高于M3亚型（P〈0．05）。初治及复发／难治LRP（＋）者缓解率明显低于LRP（-）者（P〈0．05）。结论 LRP的表达与AL患者临床预后密切相关，化疗前检测LRP表达率有助于个体化治疗和预测疗效。     

急性髓系白血病患者中期因子基因表达与化疗耐药及预后的关系

目的：探讨中期因子（Midkine，MK）与急性髓系白血病（AML）患者预后的关系。方法：采用半定量逆转录一聚合酶链反应方法检测65例初治及复发AML患者、15例缓解期患者及15例正常人骨髓单个核细胞（MNCs）MK、mdr-1、bcl-2mRNA的表达，并采用蛋白印迹（Westernblot）法检测20例AML患者和5例正常人MNCs孵育24h后，培养基中MK的蛋白表达。结果：65例初治及复发AML患者中25例MK基因表达阳性，15例正常人MK基因表达均阴性。MK基因表达阳性患者的完全缓解（CR）率明显低于表达阴性者（分别为63．16％和93．55％，P〈0．05）；MK基因表达阳性患者的复发率（100％）明显高于表达阴性者（40．00％），P〈0．05。MK与bcl-2基因表达呈正相关（r=0．556，P〈O．01）。结论：AML患者白血病细胞可以产生MK，且MK阳性率的高低与AML病期相关，MK过度表达可能导致临床化疗耐药，是影响AML患者近期预后的重要因素之一。     

复发/难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病患者多药耐药基因表达及临床意义

目的探讨复发/难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者多药耐药基因(mdr1基因)的表达及其临床意义。方法采用Northern blot法检测K562/A02细胞株mdr1基因的表达,RT-PCR法检测42例ALL患者(ALL组)、27例非白血病患者和健康人(对照组)mdr1基因的表达水平,分析mdr1基因过度表达的临床意义。结果ALL组mdr1基因过度表达率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其中复发/难治者高于初诊和完全缓解(CR)者(P<0.01),临床耐药者高于非临床耐药者(P<0.01);非临床耐药者CR率显著高于临床耐药者(P<0.001)。结论mdr1基因过度表达与ALL患者临床耐药密切相关,是影响预后的重要因素;mdr1基因表达可作为判断ALL患者临床耐药和预后的指标。     

MDR1在急性髓系白血病中的表达及其与预后的关系

目的检测初诊未治急性髓系白血病（AML）患者化疗前后骨髓单个核细胞多药耐药基因1（MDR1）的表达水平,探讨MDR1的表达对AML预后的评价作用。方法采用直接免疫荧光标记单抗流式细胞仪检测40例AML患者化疗前后血清及对照组血清MDR1的表达。结果实验组通透性糖蛋白（P．gP）阳性者的完全缓解（CR）率及CR持续时间均低于P—gp阴性者（P均〈0．01）;与对照组比较,实验组治疗前及治疗后未缓解患者P-gP均升高,治疗后未缓解者高于治疗前（P均〈0．01）;在各型白血病中,M3的P—gP表达最低,与其他亚型比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。性别、年龄、骨髓中白血病细胞比例对P-gP水平没有明显影响。结论P-gP可作为AML的独立预后因素。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者Sorcin基因表达与多药耐药的关系

应用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)技术 ,检测 32例多发性骨髓瘤 (MM)患者、2 7例非恶性血液病患者和健康人的 Sorcin基因表达水平。结果为 MM患者 Sorcin基因表达高于正常对照组 ,差异高度显著(P<0 .0 0 1) ;Sorcin基因阳性表达初诊组 4例 (2 2 .2 % )、缓解组 1例 (14 .3% )、复发难治组 5例 (71.4 % ) ,复发难治组高于初诊组和缓解组 ,差异显著 (分别为 P=0 .0 315 ,P=0 .0 4 89) ;临床耐药组 Sorcin基因阳性表达显著高于非临床耐药组 (P=0 .0 0 4 ) ;Sorcin基因阳性表达者缓解率为 2 0 .0 % ,阴性表达者为 86 .4 % ,差异高度显著 (P=0 .0 0 2 )。认为多发性骨髓瘤患者临床耐药与 Sorcin基因过度表达密切相关 ,Sorcin基因过度表达是影响预后的重要因素 ,可作为检测临床耐药和判断预后的指标之一     

环孢菌素A对多发性骨髓瘤患者Sorcin基因表达和临床疗效的影响

目的探讨环孢菌素A（CsA）对多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者可溶性耐药相关钙结合蛋白（Sorcin）基因表达和临床疗效的影响。方法选择32例MM患者（MM组）和27例正常人（对照组）为研究对象。MM组均行联合化疗，其中临床耐药者（M亚组）在联合化疗前24h开始予CsA8～12mg／（kg·d）静滴或口服，3d后改半量用2d。治疗前后采用RT—PCR方法检测两组骨髓Sorcin基因表达率，观察临床疗效。结果治疗前Sorcin基因表达率MM组和对照组分别为31．25％和0．30％（P〈0．05），M亚组和非临床耐药者（UM亚组）分别为75．00％和16.670％（P〈0．05）；M亚组治疗前后Sorcin基因表达率分别为75．00％和62.50％（P〉0．05），完全缓解（CR）率和总有效率分别为25．00％和62．50％（P〈0．05）。结论CsA可逆转MM患者多药耐药．增强临床疗效，但其机制与Sorcin基因表达无关。     

Bcl-2与乳腺癌耐药蛋白基因在老年急性髓系白血病中表达的意义

目的 探讨Bcl-2和乳腺癌耐药蛋白(BCRP)基因在老年急性髓系白血病(AML)中的表达及其相关性.方法 RT-PCR法检测20例老年AML患者及20例老年非恶性血液病对照组的骨髓白细胞BCRP mRNA,同时流式细胞仪(FCM)检测其骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC) Bcl-2蛋白表达.结果 AML组Bcl-2总阳性率较对照组显著增高,其中初治组阳性率与对照组无显著差异,而难治与复发组阳性率明显高于初治组和对照组(P＜0.05);BCRP总阳性率明显高于对照组,其中初治组和难治与复发组阳性率均较对照组明显增高(P＜0.05),而初治组和难治与复发组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).Bcl-2+组和BCRP+组完全缓解(CR)率明显低于Bcl-2-组和BCRP-组,早期复发率明显高于Bcl-2-组和BCRP-组(均P＜0.05).Bcl-2和BCRP基因在初治组和难治/复发组表达不相关(P＞0.05).结论 Bcl-2和BCRP基因均与临床耐药密切相关,二者高表达均提示预后不良,但二者无相关性,联合检测Bcl-2和BCRP基因对评价AML预后有较大意义.     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤中肺耐药相关蛋白的表达及意义

目的 研究非霍奇金淋巴瘸（NHL）中肺耐药相关蛋白（LRP）的表达及其临床意义。方法 应用免疫组化S-P法检测43例NHL患者（其中初治病例32例，复发病例11例）和10例坏死增生性淋巴结炎患者组织中的LRP水平。结果 LRP在NHL患者中表达明显高于坏死增生性淋巴结炎患者（P〈0．05），而且NHL复发组高于初治组（P〈0．05）。12例随访患者中LRP阴性者治疗效果优于LRP阳性者。结论 LRP过度表达与NHL临床耐药及疗效相关。     

髓系白血病患者SHP-1与c-kit基因检测的临床意义

目的探讨造血细胞磷酸酶（SHP-1）基因与原癌基因c—kit在髓系白血病患者中的表达，以及其与白血病发生和预后的关系。方法用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应法检测67例髓系自血病患者（患者组）及33例正常对照组的白细胞SHP-1与c-kit mRNA表达。结果患者组中，急性髓系白血病（AML）、慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期（CML—CP）和急变期（CML—BP）患者的SHP-1平均表达水平均低于对照组（P〈0．05）；CML-CP患者的c—kit平均表达水平高于对照组，CML—CP和CML—BP患者比较有统计学差异（P〈0．05）；34例初治AML患者中，SHP-1^＋的完全缓解率高于SHP-1^-，而c—kit则相反。SHP-1^＋c—kit^＋的完全缓解率高于SHP-1^-c-kit^＋。结论SHP-1可能作为潜在的抑癌基因与c-kit基因参与白血病的发病，检测SHP-1与c—kit基因表达可作为判断髓系白血病患者预后的指标。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.