MRI引导下骨骼肌肉病变活检的应用价值

目的：介绍iPath200辅助MPI引导下骨骼肌肉系统活检的技术操作方法，并评价其应用价值。方法：24例骨骼肌肉系统病变患者，均在iPath200辅助MPI引导下进行经皮活检。所用设备为Philips公司生产的开放式0．23T。常导磁共振检查仪(Proview)，并配有iPath200光学引导系统。活检针采用德国Daum公司的磁共振兼容性活检针。24例病人中的6例在活检中行Nil对比增强检查。所用对比剂为Gd-DTPA。24例病人中的10例后来行外科手术治疗或活检。结果：MPI引导活检取得足够的标本，所有的病例均获得了组织病理学诊断(24／PA)。在10例后来行外科手术治疗或活检的病人中，初步诊断与最终诊断基本符合(10／10)。未发现明显并发症如严重出血及神经损害等。结论：iPath200辅助MPI引导下的骨骼肌肉系统病变的经皮活检是一种安全、准确的新技术。     

光学导航介入性MR的临床应用

目的介绍在光学导航介入性MR引导下经皮穿刺活检及治疗的技术方法，并评价其临床应用价值。方法54例患者，均在光学导航介入性MR引导下进行经皮穿刺活检或治疗。所用设备为Philips公司生产的开放式0．23T常导型MR型检查仪，并配有iPath200光学导航系统。穿刺针采用德国Daum公司的MR兼容性穿刺针。结果本组54例介人性操作均1次穿刺成功，未发现病人出现严重出血、脏器损伤和神经损伤等明显并发症。结论光学导航介入性MR引导下的介人性操作是1种安全、准确的新技术。     

介入性超声在乳腺疾病诊断和治疗中的应用

目的研究介入性超声在乳腺疾病诊断和治疗中的应用。方法196例乳腺疾病患者均经超声引导自动活检和病理组织学诊断。其中，54例良性乳腺结节性病变患者又经超声引导经皮注射无水酒精硬化治疗。治疗后，对54例患者随访了0.5a～5a，并评价其治疗效果。结果196例中，超声引导自动活检获得病理组织学明确诊断者181例，诊断率为92.3％。54例良性乳腺结节病变患者中，在超声引导下经皮注射无水酒精硬化治疗后，结节消失或仅留痕迹者45例，治愈率为83．3％。研究发现，治疗效果与结节的大小及物质性质有明显的相关性（P〈0．05）。本组病例中未发生与操作相关的严重并发症。结论介入性超声在乳腺疾病的诊断和治疗中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

颞下间隙病变磁共振导引下经皮活检术

目的 研究颞下间隙病变磁共振(MR)导引下经皮活检术的临床应用。方法 借助开放式0．2T MR对7例颞下间隙肿块病灶进行穿刺活检。结果 磁共振导引下经皮活检靶中率100％，活检正确率85．7％，无并发症出现。结论 磁共振导引下经皮活检术有助于颞下间隙病变的诊断。     

骨骼肌肉恶性肿瘤病变CT引导下经皮穿刺活检正确性分析

目的 探讨CT导引下经皮穿刺活检对骨骼肌肉恶性肿瘤性疾病的诊断价值.方法 106例骨骼肌肉病变行CT导引下经皮穿刺活检,对比穿刺病理结果与临床诊断最终结果.结果 106例CT导引下经皮骨骼肌肉穿刺活检病例,经临床手术及切开活检病理结果全部为恶性肿瘤病变,其中89例病理结果与CT导引下经皮穿刺活枪结果相符,17例CT导引下穿刺活检病理结果为"阴性".活检正确率84.0%;结论CT导引下经皮穿刺对骨骼肌肉恶性肿瘤性病变是安全、简便、有效的诊断手段,对于活检结果为"阴性"的病例适时的切开活检可能是必要的.     

CT导引下经皮肌肉骨骼病变穿刺活检

目的 探讨CT导引下经皮穿刺活检在肌肉骨骼病变诊断的价值，评估激光导引装置在肌肉骨骼病变CT穿刺活检中的作用。方法 165例CT引导下肌肉骨骼穿刺活检病例（其中36例使用Pinpoint激光引导系统），骨骼穿刺活检142例，软组织穿刺活检23例。149例有手术病理、切开活检病理或临床随访资料。结果 165例肌肉骨骼病变的穿刺活检总正确率为75．2％（124／165）。其中骨骼病变穿刺活检的正确率为73．2％（104／142），肌肉软组织病变穿刺活检的正确率为87．0％（20／23）。Pinpoint激光导引下CT穿刺活检的诊断正确率为80．6％（29／36）。使用骨钻针穿刺诊断正确率73．8％（96／130），使用抽吸针穿刺诊断正确率80．0％（28／35）。大病灶（直径〉3cm）穿刺活检诊断正确率80．6％（79／98），小病灶（直径≤3cm）穿刺活检诊断正确率67．2％（45／67），二者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 CT导引下经皮骨骼肌肉活检是一种安全、简便、有效的诊断和鉴别诊断方法。对大病灶的诊断正确率优于较小病灶，在小病灶中，使用Pinpoint激光导引装置有助于提高诊断正确率。     

389例乳腺可疑病灶MR引导下真空活检的有效率、准确性

本研究通过与组织病理学对照研究,旨在评估MR引导下真空活检（10号针、9号针）诊断乳腺病变的有效率、准确性．这些可疑病灶仅在MRI上可见。365例MR乳腺成像发现乳腺可疑病灶患者共进行389次MR引导下真空活检（分别采用Vacora系统10号针、Bard公司或ATEC系统、9号针,     

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检术对胸腰椎疑难病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺活检术对胸腰椎疑难病变的临床诊断价值.方法 对临床及影像资料不能确诊的128例胸腰椎椎体病变患者行CT引导下经皮穿刺活检术,并做病变部位涂片细胞学检查,其中119例取出骨块或软组织标本送病理检查,19例抽取脓液或血液送细菌培养.结果 128例均成功取材,无并发症,穿刺诊断结果与最终临床诊断符合者107例,占83.6％.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检创伤小,准确率高,对脊柱疑难病变的诊断及治疗方案的制订具有重要指导意义.     

胸骨病变CT引导下经皮穿刺活检

目的 评价CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在胸骨病变中的诊断价值.方法 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检胸骨病变36例,局麻下操作,经病变前方进针.结果 36例穿刺活检成功,35例(97.2%)获得病理诊断;1例穿刺获取组织不足病理检查所需.36例中30例有手术病理结果,29例手术结果和穿刺结果相符,1例不相符,另6例转移瘤找到原发病灶而未手术.CT引导下经皮穿刺活检胸骨病变其组织学定性的符合率为97.2%,均未见严重并发症.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检在胸骨病变的应用中安全可靠,并发症少,可得到明确的病理诊断,为临床制订治疗方案提供依据.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检经验总结

目的：探讨CT导引下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术方法和影响诊断准确性的因素，防范并发症的心得。方法：回顾性分析36例肺内病变CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术方法，就如何提高穿刺准确性及影响诊断准确率的因素、防范并发症的心得进行讨论。结果：36例中，穿刺成功率100％，活检诊断准确率为30／36（83％）。3例发生轻度气胸。结论：CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术是安全的，可有效提高肺内病变的诊断准确性。但操作医生熟练的技术方法非常重要，并可以减少并发症的发生。     

MR-guided biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions in a low-field system

Thirty magnetic resonance (MR)-guided biopsies were obtained from 20 skeletal and 10 soft-tissue lesions in 31 patients using an open 0.2 T MR system equipped with interventional accessories. The results from aspiration (N = 3), core biopsy (N = 15), and transcortical trephine biopsy (N = 12) were evaluated for accuracy and clinical efficacy. Specimens were successfully obtained from 29 patients. Results were clinically effective in 23 patients, rated definitive in 16, nonconclusive in 9, and unspecific in 2 patients. A false diagnosis due to sampling error occurred in 2 patients, and biopsy sampling was impossible in one case. The best diagnostic yield was achieved from nontranscortical biopsies of osteolytic or soft-tissue masses. Results from transcortical biopsies were less specific due to the predominance of benign lesions. MR fluoroscopy for needle guidance was applied in 13 patients. Complete needle placement inside the magnet could be performed in 16 patients. MR-guided biopsy using an open low-field MR imager is feasible and clinically effective and will become a valuable tool in the management of musculoskeletal lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:761-768.     

Breast lesions with imaging-histologic discordance during US-guided 14G automated core biopsy: can the directional vacuum-assisted removal replace the surgical excision? Initial findings

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of carcinoma at percutaneous directional vacuum-assisted removal (DVAR) in women with imaging-histologic discordance during ultrasound (US)-guided automated core needle biopsy, and to determine the role of DVAR in breast lesions with imaging-histologic discordance. A US-guided 14-gauge automated core needle biopsy was performed on 837 consecutive lesions. Imaging-histologic discordance was prospectively considered in 33 of 634 benign biopsies. DVAR was recommended in those lesions. Among the 33 lesions, 26 lesions that underwent subsequent DVAR or surgical excision made up our study population. Medical records, imaging studies, and histologic findings were reviewed. Among the 26 lesions, 18 lesions underwent subsequent US–guided DVAR, with 8-gauge probes for 15 of the lesions, and 11-gauge for three of the lesions. Two lesions were diagnosed as having carcinoma (2/18, 11.1% of upgrade rate; 3.1–32.8% CI). The remaining eight lesions underwent subsequent surgical excision, and carcinoma was diagnosed in one case (12.5% of upgrade rate; 2.2–47.1% CI). A US-guided DVAR of the breast mass with imaging-histologic discordance during US-guided 14-gauge automated core needle biopsy is a valuable alternative to surgery as a means of obtaining a definitive histological diagnosis. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Interactive MR-guided biopsies of maxillary and skull-base lesions in an open-MR system: first clinical results

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of interactive MR-guided biopsies in the maxillary and skull base region using a 0.5-T open-configuration scanner in patients with tumours affecting the maxilla or skull base. Ten patients with cystic or solid tumours affecting the maxillary and skull base regions underwent MR-guided biopsy in a superconducting, open 0.5-T MR system equipped with an optical frameless stereotaxic system. T2-weighted spin-echo images were acquired prior to and following biopsy, which was performed with 18- or 22-G needles using an enoral or percutaneous approach following infiltration of the skin, mucosa and periosteum with local anaesthetics. The position of the needle tip was continuously updated on fast T1-weighted gradient-recalled-echo images (TR 19 ms, TE 7.1 ms, flip angle 30 °, slice thickness 1 cm, field of view 24 × 24 cm) using the frameless stereotaxic system. In addition, the needle was identified based on the associated susceptibility artefact in all three planes. Once the target lesion had been reached, cytology material was aspirated. All ten patients tolerated the interactive MR-guided biopsies well without complications. Vital structures, including the brain, neurovascular bundles, vessels and eyes, were visualized on MR imaging and could be spared. There was no difference in the use of 18- or 22-G non-ferromagnetic needles concerning the susceptibility artefact. Sufficient material for cytological analysis was obtained in nine of ten cases. The mean biopsy time was 15 min. Interactive MR-guided biopsies of the head and neck in an open system are technically feasible and safe. Monitoring of the needle path in multiple planes permits the interactive adjustment of the needle course in near real time. Interactive MR-guided biopsies may well replace open surgical procedures in the maxillary region in selected patients. Received: 26 May 1998; Revision received: 18 August 1998; Accepted: 7 September 1998     

MR-guided core biopsies of soft tissue tumours on an open 0.23 T imager

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of MR-guided soft tissue core biopsies on an open 0.23 T magnet.Material and Methods: Twenty-nine consecutive patients with known or suspected benign or malignant soft tissue tumours underwent MR imaging. A one-slice dynamic enhancement sequence was used to obtain an enhancement curve of the tumour. MR-guided core biopsy of the tumour was performed in the same session.Results: All biopsies could be performed on an open 0.23 T magnet. Standard MR images and dynamic enhancement curves were used in deciding biopsy route and target. The MR-guided core biopsy specimens were sufficient for histopathological diagnosis in 27 of 29 cases.Conclusion: Open magnet configuration allows easy access to the patient and near real-time imaging guidance of soft tissue tumours. Minimally invasive MR-guided core biopsies of soft tissue tumours are feasible and help to avoid open surgical biopsies.     

开放式磁共振引导下介入操作的护理

目的：探讨iPATH-200开放式介入磁共振引导下经皮活检与治疗的术前、术中、术后的护理措施。方法：对80例行该手术的患者在术前、术中及术后各期进行相应的护理。结果：术后极少部分出现并发症，经相应的对症治疗、护理后，均痊愈。结论：开放式MR引导下的介入性操作是一种安全准确的新技术，但细致、周到的护理工作也是手术成功的重要保证。     

CT-guided percutaneous core biopsy of deep face and skull-base lesions

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of deep face and skull-base computed tomography (CT)-guided core biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous core biopsies of deep face and skull-base lesions. One biopsy was repeated due to a non-diagnostic sample so 18 biopsy procedures were evaluated. The 17 lesions were centred within the central skull base (n=2), parapharyngeal (n=3), retropharyngeal spaces (n=4), masticator (n=3), pterygopalatine fossa (n=1), and deep lobe of parotid (n=4). Subzygomatic (n=7), retromaxillary (n=9), suprazygomatic (n=1), and transparotid (n=1) needle approaches were used. The diagnostic accuracy was either assessed by a positive histological result from the operative specimen or based on treatment response and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: No immediate or delayed procedural complications were encountered. A histological diagnosis was obtained in 16 of the 18 biopsies (89% diagnostic yield). The pathological diagnosis was confirmed by surgical excision (5/18 biopsies) and by predicted treatment response or clinical follow-up (10/18 biopsies). Diagnosis could not be confirmed for three of the 18 biopsies. The diagnostic accuracy of core biopsy was 13 of 15 (87%) for all samples. CONCLUSION: CT-guided percutaneous deep face core biopsy is a safe technique with good diagnostic accuracy, allowing diagnosis of benign disease and classification of malignant disease.     

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and MR-guided bone biopsy on a 0.23T open imager

Objective:To assess the feasibility of MR-guided bone biopsies.Methods::Thirty-six consecutive patients with known or suspected benign or malignant bone lesions underwent comprehensive MR imaging.A dynamic contrast-enhanced sequence followed by stationary Ti-weighted sequences were obtained and MR-guided bone biopsy of the tumor at the site with fastest enhancement was performed using an open 0.23 T MR imager.Results:All MR-guided bone biopsies samples were estimated to be sufficient by the pathologists.The biopsy specimens were diagnostic in 34 of 36 cases.Conclusion:MR-guided bone biopsies combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging are feasible and safe for the diagnostic investigation of equivocal bone lesions.     

Diagnosis of primary bone tumors with image-guided percutaneous biopsy: experience with 110 tumors

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of image-guided percutaneous biopsy in 110 primary bone tumors of varying internal compositions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred ten consecutive patients with primary bone tumors underwent biopsy with computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy. Ninety-one patients underwent surgical follow-up and 19 received medical treatment and underwent subsequent imaging studies. Final analysis of bone biopsy results included tumor type, malignancy, final tumor grade, biopsy complications, and effect on eventual treatment outcome. RESULTS: Seventy-seven tumors were malignant and 33 were benign. Most common tumors at biopsy were osteosarcoma (n = 20), lymphoma (n = 18), chondrosarcoma (n = 16), and giant cell tumor (n = 16). Correct final diagnosis was attained in 97 (88%) patients. Sixty-three lesions were solid nonsclerotic; 26, sclerotic; and 21, lytic with cystic centers containing internal areas of fluid, hemorrhage, or necrosis. In six of 21 lesions with a predominant cystic internal composition, problems occurred in determining a final diagnosis. In 13 patients, definite correct diagnosis was not obtained with initial percutaneous bone biopsy. Of these patients, benign bone tumors were better defined with surgical specimens in seven, a diagnosis of malignancy was changed to that of another malignancy in four, and the diagnosis was changed from benign to malignant in two. Nine patients underwent open surgical biopsy. Seven of the difficult cases were of cystic tumors with hemorrhagic fluid levels visible at CT or magnetic resonance imaging. The only complication was a small hematoma. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous biopsy of primary bone tumors is safe and accurate for diagnosis and grade of specific tumor. In cases with nondiagnostic biopsy, open-procedure biopsy is likely to be associated with similar diagnostic difficulties.