成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的 总结成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊治经验.方法 回顾分析96例(98侧)肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的检查、治疗结果,96例患者分别通过B超、尿路造影、CT、磁共振尿路成像(MRU)检查明确诊断.共行手术98例次,其中行Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术76例次,单纯纤维索带松解术3例,异位血管切断肾盂复位术3例,异位血管悬吊术1例,肾盂Y-V成形术8例,腹腔镜离段式肾盂成形术2例,肾切除术5例.结果 本组除5例肾切除者外,余91例(93侧)均于术后3～24个月复查,5例发生再狭窄,再次行Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术而治愈,总治愈率94.8%.结论 Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术是治疗成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的首选术式,腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术疗效确切.     

成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的总结成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊治经验。方法回顾分析96例（98侧）肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的检查、治疗结果,96例患者分别通过B超、尿路造影、CT、磁共振尿路成像（MRU）检查明确诊断。共行手术98例次,其中行Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术76例次,单纯纤维索带松解术3例,异位血管切断肾盂复位术3例,异位血管悬吊术1例,肾盂Y-V成形术8例,腹腔镜离段式肾盂成形术2例,肾切除术5例。结果本组除5例肾切除者外,余91例（93侧）均于术后3～24个月复查,5例发生再狭窄,再次行Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术而治愈,总治愈率94.8%。结论Anderson-Hynes离断式肾盂成形术是治疗成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的首选术式,腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术疗效确切。     

离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的疗效观察

目的总结肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的诊治体会。方法分析36例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的临床资料。其中肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄21例,肾盂输尿管高位连接8例,迷走血管压迫4例,纤维索压迫3例。采用离断式肾盂成形术,术中置双J管引流。结果术后随访12~64个月,平均36个月,分别行B超I、VP检查,有32例(88.9%)肾积水消失或明显减轻,3例(8.3%)无明显变化,1例(2.8%)积水加重。结论离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻疗效显著。     

离断性肾盂成形术双J管内引流治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄

目的:探讨离断性肾盂成形术双J管内引流治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的临床疗效.方法:采用离断性肾盂成形术治疗先天性肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄32例共35侧,常规采用双J管作支架内引流,术后1个月拔除双J管,3个月行静脉肾盂造影复查.结果:患肾积水好转,吻合口通畅,尿常规检查无严重尿路感染.结论:离断性肾盂成形术是治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的有效方法,术中使用双J管能减少术后再狭窄的发生,提高手术的成功率.     

肾下极迷走血管压迫导致肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊治体会

目的 回顾性分析肾下极迷走血管压迫导致肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的诊断和手术治疗体会.方法 选取2007年1月至2009年1月收治的经手术证实为肾下极迷走血管压迫导致UPJO的病例12例.9例有不同程度的肾区间歇性或持续性胀痛,3例为体检或其他疾病检查时被发现.静脉尿路造影(ⅣU)提示8例患者患肾不显影,4例患者肾盂显影但有输尿管扭转征象,梗阻段以下输尿管不显影;逆行尿路造影显示肾盂输尿管连接部明显变细或不显影,有10例患者出现肾盂输尿管连接部带状压迫截断征.所有患者均采取开放手术治疗,10例行选择性保留迷走血管的肾盂输尿管成形术,2例行切断迷走血管的肾盂输尿管成形术,术后留置双J管1个月.结果 术后每半年随访1次,1例术后2个月出现结石嵌顿引起急性肾绞痛而行肾造瘘术,1例术后出现逐渐加重的肾积水并伴有患肾功能进行性恶化,其余病例肾及输尿管积水均减轻.术后随访1.8～3.0(2.2±0.4)年,除1例接受狭窄段内切开术但效果不理想,最终行肾脏切除外,其余11例患侧肾积水均明显减轻,肾功能良好.结论 肾下极迷走血管压迫可导致UPJO,IVU对诊断的意义似乎小于逆行尿路造影,选择性保留迷走血管的肾盂输尿管成形术对于解除梗阻、保护肾功能有重要意义.     

手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的疗效

目的　探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的手术治疗效果。方法　总结 1980 - 2 0 0 3年手术治疗成人肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻 2 18例 2 4 9侧的效果。结果　最常见的病因是肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄和狭窄伴扭曲共 134例 16 0侧、输尿管高位附着肾盂 31例 35侧、横过血管压迫 4 1例 4 2侧、外在纤维组织压迫 12例。各种肾盂成形术 177例 2 0 8侧 ,成功 196侧 (94 .2 % ) ;黏连松解 7例 ,成功 3例 (42 .9% ) ;肾切除 34例。结论　对肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻 ,无论是交界处狭窄还是外在血管或纤维组织压迫 ,选用离断性肾盂成形术效果最佳。     

经后腹膜径路腹腔镜在小儿离断性肾盂成形术中的应用

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下行离断性肾盂成形术治疗小儿肾盂输尿管连接部（UPJ）梗阻的临床应用.方法 对11例诊断为肾盂输尿管连接部（UPJ）梗阻的患者施行后腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术.结果 11例手术全部成功.手术时间2.5～4.5（3±0.6）h.出血量约60～100（80±15）ml.1例发生术后尿漏,术后一周拔除伤口引流管后消失.1例出现膀胱输尿管返流,再次留置导尿管,抗炎对症处理后症状缓解.术后随访3～24（9±6.21）个月,静脉肾盂造影检查示UPJ吻合口无狭窄,肾积水明显改善.结论 经后腹膜径路腹腔镜下离断性肾盂成形术是治疗小儿UPJ梗阻安全、有效的方法,既可替代开放性手术,又无需特殊手术设备,值得推广应用.     

小切口治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻

目的探讨小切口治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(UPJO)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析福建省妇幼保健院2010—2013年收治的41例小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患者的临床资料,其中中度肾积水26例,重度15例。41例均行腰部小切口Anderson-Hynes离断性肾盂成形术。结果患者平均手术85min,术中出血5~15mL,术后随访3~8个月,随访时均进行B超及静脉肾盂造影(IVP)检查,40例肾积水缩小、肾功能明显改善,加重1例,经再次手术治愈。结论腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗疗效可靠,值得临床推广。     

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊断与治疗(附21例报告)

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻(Ureteropelvicjunctionobstruction ,UP JO)造成的肾积水是常见的先天性尿路梗阻性疾病[1 ] ,笔者对2 1例本病进行分析,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1·1　临床资料　本组病2 1例,其中男16例,女5例,年龄11～3 2岁,平均18 6岁;左侧12例,右侧7例,双侧2例。本组病例就诊原因,腰痛17例,尿路感染3例;所有病例均B超提示肾积水,行静脉肾盂造影(1VP)均显示有患肾积水,6例合并有肾结石,16例显示患侧输尿管不显影,行逆行尿路造影后证实有UP JO。1·2　治疗方法　2 1例病例行离断性肾盂成形术,术中切除梗阻部位输尿管,去除扩大…     

腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗婴幼儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床疗效

目的探讨腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗婴幼儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床疗效。方法选取我院2009年10月至2013年10月间收治的220例肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻患儿作为研究对象,按治疗方式分为两组各110例,研究组采用腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术进行治疗,对照组采用腰部常规切口离断性肾盂成形术进行治疗。随访1年,比较两组患儿的临床疗效。结果两组的治疗总有效率、手术时间以及术中出血量比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。研究组的手术切口长度显著短于对照组,家属满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组近期并发症的总发生率为6.36%,显著低于对照的18.81%(P<0.05)。结论采用腰部小切口离断性肾盂成形术治疗婴幼儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻和常规切口一样安全有效,而且手术切口更小,美容效果更佳。     

肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻临床研究

目的 :探讨肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的诊断与治疗。方法 :采用Y -V成形术、Anderson -Hynes术、改良肾盂成形术三种不同术式治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻。结果 :1例因再狭窄而行肾切除 ,余 2 7例得到随访 0 .5～ 5a。没再发生狭窄。结论 :肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻早期诊断与治疗十分重要 ,认为采用改良Y -V肾盂成形术为效果良好的手术方法     

小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻术中肾盂穿刺液细菌谱及药敏分析

目的通过了解小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻术中肾盂穿刺液细菌谱和药物敏感特点,以指导围手术期抗菌药物选择。方法回顾性分析医院1995年1月-2010年12月收治的小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻手术患儿262例,术中打开肾盂前常规用无菌注射器穿刺肾盂抽取尿液标本,进行细菌培养及药物敏感试验。结果 31例肾盂穿刺尿液培养阳性,阳性率为11.8%;病原菌中以革兰阴性杆菌为主,位于前3位的革兰阴性杆菌分别为大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属和奇异变形菌,分别占33.3%、19.4%、11.1%;大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属和奇异变形菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林和第一、二代头孢菌素均有较高的耐药率,但对亚胺培南、呋喃妥因和阿米卡星高度敏感,对第三代头孢敏感率也较好;肠球菌属对青霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星高度耐药,对呋喃妥因和万古霉素高度敏感,对第三代头孢敏感率也较好。结论小儿肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻细菌感染率不高,但对临床常用抗菌药物有较明显的耐药性,术中肾盂穿刺液细菌培养及药物敏感试验对围手术期抗菌药物的选择具有指导作用。     

输尿管镜钬激光内切开与后腹腔镜肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的疗效比较

目的比较经尿道输尿管镜钬激光内切开与后腹腔镜下肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄(ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO)的疗效。方法 33例UPJO患者按照治疗方法分为输尿管镜组(20例)和后腹腔镜组(13例),比较各项数据。结果两组均无中转开放手术,输尿管镜组手术时间(39.3±7.4)min、术中出血(9.1±6.3)ml、术后住院时间(3.8±1.3)d、平均住院费用(8 937)元;后腹腔镜组手术时间(210.7±30.7)min、术中出血(55.1±17.9)ml、术后住院时间(7.3±2.1)d、平均住院费用(25 477)元,两组间在手术时间、术中出血、术后住院时间、平均住院费用方面差异均有统计学意义。结论输尿管镜钬激光内切开治疗UPJO具有操作更简单、创伤更小、术后恢复更快、花费更低的优势。后腹腔镜肾盂成形术更适合UPJO狭窄段较长、重度肾积水、复杂病例等情况。     

Post traumatic rupture in patients with uretero pelvic junction obstruction. Case report

Authors report a case of post traumatic pelvic rupture occurring in an unknown ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. Ultrasonography showed pyelectasia and fluid effusion in the anterior perirenal space. CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of UPJ obstruction and showed the rupture of the anterior pelvic wall communicating with a perirenal urinoma. The patient underwent a retrograde stenting for decompression and surgical drainage of the urinoma. Pyeloplasty was performed 4 months after injury. A follow up intravenous pyelogram showed good flow through the repair and the patient remaines asymptomatic 2 years after treatment. Post traumatic rupture of UPJ obstruction is a rare event with few reported cases in literature. Diagnosis is suggested on imaging studies. CT scan shows the rupture site in the ureteropelvic tract and guides percutaneous drainage.     

A boy with cyclic vomiting and an alleged furosemide allergy on the basis of a subpelvic stenosis

An 8-year-old boy, known with a Diamond-Blackfan anaemia, was admitted to the hospital because of frequent vomiting since 3 days and loin pain. In previous years, he had been admitted several times for the same complaints but no cause had been identified. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen performed at admittance showed dilatation of the left renal pelvis. A renal scintigraphy was discussed with the mother, and she refused the injection of furosemide, because her son was allegedly allergic to furosemide: previous furosemide treatments during blood transfusions for his anaemia had always resulted in stomach-ache and vomiting, which may be attributed, however, to an acute dilatation of the renal pelvis due to the diuretic effect of furosemide. Scintigraphy without furosemide showed a significant obstruction and asymmetric renal function, so a pyeloplasty was performed after which he has been symptom-free. In patients with cyclic vomiting, an intermittent uretero-pelvic junction obstruction should be considered and can only be ruled out when ultrasound during the complaints and renal scintigraphy under adequate hydration and after furosemide are normal.     

Isolated fetal pyelectasis: pathologic significance and therapeutic implications

We report a retrospective study of nine neonatal observations of antenatal isolated pyelectasis during a period of two years. Pyelectasis associated with other congenital abnormalities and in utero died foetus were excluded. Finding interesting sex, gestational age at diagnosis, echographic aspect, antenatal management and postnatal follow-up were assigned. Foetal kidneys was noted in two cases and an oligoamnios was noted in two other cases. No foetal urinary intervention was assessed. Postnatal exploration revealed a transitional pyelectasis in four cases, an ureteropelvic junction obstruction in four cases and a congenital megauretere in one case. Postnatal renal function was decreased in two cases. Postnatal surgery was assessed in two cases and a spontaneous regression under a sequential treatment occurred in the other three cases. Isolated foetal pyelectasis can have a pathologic significance.This examination permits, in plus, to evaluate the renal prognosis. Antenatal therapeutic implications of interruption of pregnancy or urinary intervention are still not clear and those after birth depend essentially on renal function determined by scintigraphy.     

Intermittent flank pain

Flank pain is a common problem that can be caused by a variety of abnormalities. In this case report we describe two patients with intermittent flank pain with an unusual cause: intermittent ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to crossing of accessory renal vessels. Instant imaging at the time when the symptoms occur seems the best way to prevent delays in diagnosis and treatment.     

Asymptomatic dilatation of the pyelocaliceal system in young children detected by echography: altered insights and current management

Since the introduction of antenatal ultrasound, the age of patients presenting with pyelocaliceal dilatation has continued to decrease: before the era of ultrasound most patients with this diagnosis were symptomatic; today most patients are diagnosed before birth and most of them are without symptoms. The current diagnostic tools are diuretic renography and ultrasound, after vesicoureteral reflux has been excluded. The realization that obstructive renographic drainage curves were not reliable indicators of obstruction in this patient group eventually altered the therapeutic approach from early operative intervention to a more conservative management in patients with a good relative kidney function. Ultrasound has significant value in detection of patients at risk of loss of renal function. With this management only a quarter appear to have a significant ureteropelvic junction stenosis needing surgery.