白藜芦醇对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨保护素及核因子κB受体活化子配体表达的影响

目的：观察白藜芦醇对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨保护素（OPG）及核因子κB受体活化子配体（RANKL）表达的影响。方法：健康3月龄雌性SD大鼠48只，按体重随机分为6组：假手术组（SHAM）、单纯卵巢切除组（OVX）、17β-雌二醇组（ERT，0．1mg·kg^-1·d^-1）。低、中、高剂量白藜芦醇组（RL、RM、RH，每天分别给予10、20、40mg／kg白藜芦醇）。除假手术组外其余各组均切除双侧卵巢。术后1周开始给药，给药8周后处死所有大鼠，测定股骨骨密度（BMD）及骨生物力学性能：弹性模量（ELASTIC）、刚度（STIFFNESS）、最大应力（M-STRESS）最大承载力（M-LORD）。用免疫组织化学染色方法观察股骨OPG、RANKL的表达。结果：与OVX组比较，20、40mg·kg^-1·d^-1白藜芦醇均能上调股骨OPG表达（P〈0．05）。与OVX组比较，20、40mg·kg^-1·d^-1白藜芦醇均下调RANKL的表达，改善股骨骨密度及生物力学性能（P〈0．05）。结论：白藜芦醇在体内可上调骨组织中OPG的表达，下调RANKL的表达，这可能是其改善股骨骨密度及生物力学性能的作用机制。     

尼尔雌醇影响OVX大鼠骨细胞IL—6 mRNA表达水平的研究

目的：研究尼尔雌醇对OVX大鼠IL－6 mRNA表达水平的影响,探讨绝经后骨质疏松的分子细胞学机制。方法：将30只3月龄雌性Wistar大鼠随机分成3组,每组10只,即OVX组、假手术组和尼尔雌醇组（雌醇组）。对OVX组和雌醇组行双侧卵巢切除制备绝经后骨质疏松模型,雌醇组于术后1周予尼尔雌醇治疗。3个月后处死全部实验动物,直接从骨组织中提取总RNA,采用相对半定量逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）技术检测IL－6 mRNA表达情况。结果：雌醇组IL－6mRNA水平显著低于OVX组（P＜0．01）,与假手术组相比无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论：IL－6参与调节雌激素撤退所致的骨吸收,尼尔雌醇可以抑制IL－6的基因表达,减少骨丢失,维持骨量。     

骨金散对去卵巢大鼠Ⅰ型胶原交联N-端肽、Ⅰ型胶原mRNA表达的影响

目的：复制去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松动物模型,探讨中药骨金散对去卵巢雌性大鼠血清Ⅰ型胶原交联N-端肽（NTX）和骨组织Ⅰ型胶原mRNA表达的影响。方法：6月龄雌性SD大鼠40只,随机分为去势组和假手术组。去势组切除双侧卵巢,假手术组切除部分脂肪。大鼠去势后1个月,将去势组随机分为3组：模型组、雌激素组和骨金散组,雌激素组每日灌服己烯雌酚0.05m g/kg,骨金散组按1.8g/kg剂量灌服骨金散,其余各组灌服等量生理盐水。2个月后,酶联免疫吸附法测量血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、NTX水平,RT-PCR方法检测右侧股骨骨组织Ⅰ型胶原mRNA表达水平。结果：与假手术组比较,模型组血清ALP、NTX含量明显升高（P〈0.01）,Ⅰ型胶原mRNA水平显著下降（P〈0.01）。雌激素组和骨金散组大鼠体内的ALP、NTX水平显著低于模型组（P〈0.01）,骨金散组大鼠体内的ALP水平高于雌激素组（P〈0.05）。雌激素组和骨金散组实验大鼠骨组织中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA表达含量明显高于模型组（P〈0.01）。结论：骨金散可减轻去卵巢大鼠ALP、NTX水平的提高,上调骨组织Ⅰ型胶原mRNA的表达水平,这可能与其治疗骨质疏松的机制有关。     

绿原酸通过降低骨髓间充质干细胞凋亡抗绝经后骨质疏松的机制研究

目的 探讨绿原酸对绝经后骨质疏松（PMOP）大鼠的影响及其机制。方法 采用卵巢切除术构建PMOP大鼠模型,将建模成功大鼠分为去卵巢（OVX）组、绿原酸组、绿原酸+SB203580组,各10只;同时设置10只假手术组。比较各组大鼠骨密度,股骨骨微结构,血清雌二醇、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平,骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）凋亡率,BMSCs中Runt相关转录因子2(Runx2)、锌指转录因子（Osterix）、ALP mRNA水平,BMSCs中p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK、Caspase3蛋白水平。结果 OVX组大鼠股骨内骨小梁大量缺失,骨密度、骨小梁数量、血清雌二醇、ALP水平、BMSCs中Runx2、Osterix、ALP mRNA水平、BMSCs中p-p38MAPK/p38MAPK蛋白水平低于假手术组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;OVX组股骨骨小梁分离度、BMSCs凋亡率、Caspase3蛋白水平高于假手术组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。绿原酸组大鼠股骨骨小梁基本恢复,骨密度、骨小梁数量、血清雌二醇、ALP水平、BMSCs中Runx2、Osterix、AL...     

异鼠李素抗骨质疏松作用及机制探讨

目的：研究异鼠李素对去卵巢大鼠致骨质疏松骨的干预作用及机制。方法：取45只11周龄未经产SD雌性大鼠随机分为去卵巢假手术组（Sham）、去卵巢模型组（Model）和异鼠李素治疗组（IH）。用药12周后,micro-CT检测骨微结构形态并进行分析,ELISA法检测血清中抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）和骨钙素（OC）水平,RT-PCR检测骨组织骨保护素（OPG）和NF-kB受体活化因子配体（RANKligands,RANKL）mRNA的表达,western blotting检测骨组织活化T细胞核因子c1（NFATc1）的表达。结果：与模型组比,异鼠李素可增加松质骨骨矿密度和体积,增加骨小梁厚度和数量,降低骨小梁间距（P<0.01）;增加骨皮质（密质骨）骨矿密度和体积,使骨皮质增厚,骨皮质孔隙率减少。RT-PCR结果显示,异鼠李素显著增加去卵巢大鼠骨组织OPG mRNA的表达,降低RANKL mRNA的表达。ELISA检测显示,异鼠李素显著降低去卵巢大鼠血液TRAP和OC水平。western blotting检测结果显示,异鼠李素可显著降低骨组织NFATc1的表达。结论：异鼠李素具有防治去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松作用,其机制与调控骨组织RANKL/RANK/OPG信号通路有关。     

CYP2家族表氧化酶在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的表达及MS-PPOH的抑制性效应

目的：为进一步认识心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的介导因素，本文研究了CYP2家族表氧化酶在大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的表达特征及表氧化酶特异性抑制剂MS-PPOH的作用。方法：雄性SD大鼠随机分成5组：假手术组，缺血40min组，缺血／再灌注15min组、60min组和180min组。取缺血心肌，共聚焦法检测超氧化物自由基水平；RT-PCR法测定CYP281／2、2E1、2C6、2J3 mRNA表达；ELISA法检测14，15-二氢二十碳三烯酸（DHET）含量；制备心微粒体，Western blot法检测CYP2C、2J3蛋白水平。结果：缺血再灌注损伤中，超氧化物自由基的水平在再灌注15min达高峰，较假手术组升高110%（P〈0．01）。CYP2C6 mRNA表达上调，于再灌注15min达到峰值（P〈0．05）；CYP2E1 mRNA水平呈时间依赖性降低，再灌注180min降至假手术组的43．9％（P〈0．01）；CYP2B1/mRNA的表达在再灌注不同时间点未见明显差异。CYP2C蛋白于再灌注15min表达上调，较假手术组升高42％（P〈0．05）；CYP2J3蛋白呈时间依赖性表达升高，再灌注180min组较假手术组上升80．7％（P〈0．01）。缺血心肌14，15-DHET含量在再灌注阶段明显升高。MS-PPOHl5 mg／kg除降低血浆CK、LDH活力（P均〈O．05）外，并抑制心肌超氧化物自由基的生成（P〈0．05）、显著降低缺血心肌14，15-DHET含量（P〈0．01），同时明显缩小心肌梗死面积（P〈0．05）。结论：CYP2家族表氧化酶不同亚型在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中变化特征各异。CYP2C6 mRNA和蛋白表达与超氧化物自由基生成呈相关性，提示CYP2C6参与介导心肌缺血再灌注损伤中活性氧的产生。CYP2J3非活性氧的主要来源，本文中CYP2J3蛋白表达上调滞后于超氧化物自由基的生成，提示其升高可能为活性氧促发的反馈性保护机制。表氧化酶抑制剂MS-PPOH能明显减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

含中药骨金散血清对大鼠成骨细胞OPG、RANKL mRNA表达的影响

目的：本研究旨在探讨含中药骨金散血清对成骨细胞的增殖及OPG/RANKL系统的影响。方法：6月龄雌性大鼠48只,随机分为假手术组、模型组、骨金散低剂量组和骨金散高剂量组,每组12只,模型组、骨金散低剂量组和骨金散高剂量组大鼠建立去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的动物模型,4周后低剂量骨金散组和高剂量骨金散组按1.8g/kg和3.6g/kg灌服骨金散,每日一次;模型组和假手术组均每天一次生理盐水灌胃。连续给药8周后处死大鼠,观察骨金散对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度的影响,制备含骨金散血清。体外培养成骨细胞,观察含药血清对成骨细胞的增殖和OPG、RANKL mRNA的表达的影响。结果：与假手术组相比,去卵巢大鼠股骨骨密度明显降低（P〈0.01）,低剂量的骨金散组和高剂量组大鼠股骨骨密度高于去卵巢组（P〈0.01）。低剂量的骨金散组和高剂量组血清促进成骨细胞的增殖（P〈0.05）,升高OPGmRNA表达水平（P〈0.01）,降低RANKL mRNA的表达水平（P〈0.01）,使OPGmRNA/RANKLmRNA的表达比值升高（P〈0.01）。结论：中药骨金散能增加去势大鼠BMD,促进成骨细胞增殖,增加成骨细胞OPGmRNA表达,降低RANKLmRNA表达,发挥抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收作用,这可能与其治疗骨质疏松的机制有关。     

XW630对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的作用(英文)

目的:研究XW630对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的影响。方法:血清E_2和骨钙素(BGP)浓度用放射免疫测定法。骨组织计量学用四环素内标法。结果:去卵巢后,血清E_2水平下降61.9％,子宫减轻72.7％,动情次数减少63.6％。XW630治疗13周后,血清BGP浓度增加75.7％,动情次数略增加,但低于假手术组,血清E_2浓度及子宫重量无明显变化。与OVX组相比,XW630组骨组织计量学指标TBV/TTV,TBV/SBV和MTPD增加;Sfract(s),Sfract(d),TOS和Svf增加,OMP缩短。结论:XW630增加骨激活频率、骨小梁连接性、稳定性和张力。表明XW630促进骨形成、抑制骨吸收,对生殖系统无影响。     

尼尔雌醇影响OVX大鼠骨组织IL-6mRNA表达水平的研究

目的研究尼尔雌醇对OVX大鼠IL-6mRNA表达水平的影响,探讨绝经后骨质疏松的分子细胞学机 制。方法将30只3月龄雌性Wistar大鼠随机分成3组,每组10只,即OVX组、假手术组和尼尔雌醇组(雌醇 组)。对OVX组和雌醇组行双侧卵巢切除制备绝经后骨质疏松模型,雌醇组于术后1周予尼尔雌醇治疗。3个月 后处死全部实验动物,直接从骨组织中提取总RNA,采用相对半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测IL- 6mRNA表达情况。结果雌醇组IL-6mRNA水平显著低于OVX组(P＜0.01),与假手术组相比无显著性差异(P ＞0.05)。结论IL-6参与调节雌激素撤退所致的骨吸收,尼尔雌醇可以抑制IL-6的基因表达,减少骨丢失,维持骨 量。     

帕米磷酸钠对大鼠成骨细胞RANKL/OPGmRNA表达的影响

目的观察帕米膦酸钠对新生大鼠成骨细胞核因子κβ受体活化受体配体（RANKL）／护骨素（OPG）mRNA表达的影响。方法 体外分离培养新生大鼠成骨细胞，分别观察不同浓度帕米膦酸钠或用帕米膦酸钠处理不同时间对成骨细胞RANKL／OPG mRNA表达的影响。采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测RANKL／OPG mRNA表达。结果帕米膦酸钠呈浓度依赖性降低RANKL mRNA的表达，干预24h，10^-5M抑制作用最大，约为对照组表达量的40％（P〈0．01）。同时帕米膦酸钠呈浓度依赖性增加OPG mRNA表达，10^-6M时增加最明显，约为对照组表达量的2．2倍（P〈0．01），而在10^-5M时又明显降低。10^-6M帕米膦酸钠呈时间依赖性抑制RANKL mRNA和促进OPG mRNA表达，分别于24h抑制RANKL mRNA表达、48h促进OPG mRNA表达且达最大效应（P〈0．01）。结论帕米膦酸钠可能通过调节成骨细胞RANKL／OPG的基因表达，而抑制破骨细胞介导的骨吸收。     

氟化钠和尼尔雌醇联合应用对去卵巢大鼠胫骨作用的研究

目的：了解卵巢切除（ＯＶＸ）大鼠胫骨对氟化钠和尼尔雌醇联合应用的治疗反应。方法：将２４只雌性大鼠随机分成３组：ＯＶＸ组，对照组和ＥＦ组，每组８只。对ＯＶＸ组和ＥＦ组大鼠行ＯＶＸ手术，建立骨质疏松动物模型。ＥＦ组于ＯＶＸ术后１个月予氟化钠和尼尔雌醇联合治疗，给药３个月后处死。用骨形态计量学方法检测ＯＶＸ大鼠左后肢胫骨对氟化钠的治疗反应。结果ＯＶＸ组大鼠骨小梁体积，平均骨小梁密度较对照组显著减少；     

前列腺素衍生物对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的治疗作用

目的观察前列腺素衍生物米索前列醇对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的治疗作用。方法10mon大鼠双侧卵巢去除,术后2mon开始用药物治疗,用药时间为2mon。用骨组织形态计量学方法测定大鼠第4腰椎松质骨静态、动态参数,大鼠第5腰椎体应用骨生物力学方法作椎体压缩试验。结果在去卵巢引起大鼠骨量降低的情况下,米索前列醇可使去卵巢大鼠骨小梁面积(%Tb.Ar)增加21.6%,但与去卵巢组相比,差异无统计学意义;米索前列醇可改善骨质疏松大鼠椎骨的生物力学状况,表现在能使去卵巢大鼠的破坏应力和弹性模量增加。结论前列腺素衍生物米索前列醇对去卵巢大鼠椎骨的生物力学状况有改善作用。     

Alleviation of ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax notoginseng</Emphasis> saponins

To examine the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the main active components of Panax notoginseng, on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. A total of 72 six-month-old female rats were randomly assigned to sham-operated group and five ovariectomized (OVX) groups: OVX with distilled water (5 ml/kg/day, p.o.), OVX with graded doses of PNS (75, 150, 300 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and OVX with nilestriol (1 mg/kg/week, p.o.). Animals were sacrificed after a 13-week treatment course. Compared with the OVX group, PNS administration prevented OVX-induced decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebrae and total femur, and significantly increased bone structural biomechanical properties. Improvements of BMD and biomechanical properties were accompanied by the beneficial changes of PNS on trabecular microarchitecture in the tibial metaphysis. PNS at the highest dose significantly prevent decrease in trabecular bone volume over bone total volume, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, connectivity density, and increase in trabecular separation and structure model index in OVX rats. The bone-modulating effects of PNS may be due to the increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption, as was evidenced by the elevated level of serum alkaline phosphatase and decreased level of urinary deoxypyridinoline. PNS treatment is able to enhance BMD, bone strength, and prevent the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture without hyperplastic effect on uterus. Therefore, PNS might be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.     

Protective effects of sodium daidzein sulfonate on trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats

The ovariectomized (OVX) rat, as an established animal model of human osteoporosis, was adopted in the present experiment to study the protective effects of sodium daidzein sulfonate (SDS) on trabecular bone. Six-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were sham-operated or ovariectomized. Five days later, the OVX rats were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups and treated for 90 days with vehicle, 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) or SDS. Compared with OVX rats, SDS administration (15 mg/kg) prevented OVX-induced decrease in lumbar vertebral and femoral bone mineral density (BMD), and significantly increased bone mechanical strength parameters, including ultimate stress and elastic modulus. In the OVX group, the structure of trabecular plate in the femoral head was absorbed and became progressively thinner or was removed completely, accompanied by enlargement of marrow cavities and amalgamation of two or more marrow cavities. Administration of SDS and E(2 )prevented the change of trabecular bone microarchitecture induced by OVX, increasing the trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness, while decreasing the trabecular separation. These results indicate that SDS administration prevents OVX-induced decrease in BMD and bone mechanical strength, and has a moderate protective effect on the microarchitecture of trabecular bone in aged Sprague-Dawley rats.     

壮骨止痛方调节OPG/RANKL平衡抗绝经后骨质疏松作用

目的：研究壮骨止痛方对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠OPG和RANKL的影响,探讨其抗骨质疏松的作用机制。方法：72只200g左右的SD大鼠按体质量随机抽出假手术组12只,造模组60只,造模组采用双侧去卵巢法造模,假手术组只切除卵巢周围相应质量的脂肪。造模成功后,造模组大鼠按体质量随机分为模型组壮骨止痛方高剂量组(13.2g/kg)、中剂量组(6.6g/kg)、低剂量组(3.3g/kg)和戊酸雌二醇组,每组12只。术后第5天开始药物干预,模型组和假手术组给予相应体积的纯净水,持续13周。给药结束后,酶联免疫法检测大鼠血清和骨组织OPG、RANKL含量,免疫组化法检测大鼠骨组织OPG、RANKL蛋白表达。结果：去卵巢后,大鼠血清和骨组织OPG含量显著下降,RANKL含量显著增加;骨组织OPG蛋白表达显著下调,RANKL蛋白表达显著增强。壮骨止痛方组大鼠血清和骨组织OPG含量显著增加,RANKL含量显著下降;骨组织OPG蛋白表达显著增强,RANKL蛋白表达显著下调。与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论：调节OPG/RANKL平衡可能是壮骨止痛方抗绝经后骨质疏松的作用机制之一。     

左归丸联合橄榄油对大鼠去势后骨组织和骨密度的影响简

目的 观察左归丸联合橄榄油对去势后大鼠骨组织和骨密度的影响,为中医药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症提供实验依据.方法 对45只5～6月龄清洁型SD雌性大鼠进行随机等分成5组：①假手术组（Sham组）、②去卵巢组（OVX组）、③去卵巢＋左归丸组（ZGW组）、④去卵巢＋橄榄油组（Olive组）、⑤去卵巢＋左归丸＋橄榄油组（复方组）.对照组（①②）用药：均以生理盐水按1 ml/100 g体重,隔天1次灌胃.治疗组（③④⑤）用药：ZGW组：以中成药左归丸水溶液（每ml含0.2 g生药）按1 ml/100 g体重,隔天1次灌胃.Olive组：以初榨橄榄油按1 ml/100 g体重,隔天1次灌胃.复方组：以左归丸水溶液和初榨橄榄油交替每日灌胃1次.12周后分别左心室取血,检测血中血清雌二醇（E2）、白细胞介素-1（IL-1）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平,放血处死后取出腰椎行双能X线骨密度测定,取左侧股骨近端1/3切片观察骨组织并计算骨小梁面积.结果 OVX组中血E2值明显低于Sham组（P〈0.01）;复方组中E2、IL-1、IL-6与Sham组无差异（P〉0.05）,复方组血E2值高于OVX组、ZGW组和Olive组（均P〈0.05）,IL-1值低于OVX组、ZGW组和Olive组（均P〈0.05）,复方组中IL-6值低于Olive组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,与ZGW组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.光镜下观察发现OVX组中骨小梁稀薄、断裂,治疗组中骨小梁变密,连续性好,骨质疏松的病理骨组织现象改善,且三组间没有明显的区别.复方组骨密度较Olive组增加（P〈0.05）,但与ZGW组无显著差异性（P〉0.05）.复方组骨小梁面积较ZGW组增加（P〈0.05）,但与Olive组无显著差异性（P〉0.05）.结论 左归丸联合橄榄油能有效地减轻大鼠卵巢切除术引起的骨质丢失,且两者联合应用疗效或可能优于单用左归丸或橄榄油.     

Increase in bone mass and bone strength by Sambucus williamsii HANCE in ovariectomized rats

Herbal Sambucus williamsii HANCE (SWH) is a folk medicine with a long history of safe use for treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. The present study was designed to investigate if SWH extract could be used for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. SWH extracts (30 or 60 mg/100 g body weight/d) were orally administrated to four-months-old ovariectomized (OVX) rats for 3 months. SWH extracts did not alter weight gain and uterus weight in OVX rats. SWH extracts significantly increased serum Ca levels (p<0.05, vs. OVX control group) as well as decreased urinary Ca excretion (p<0.01, vs. OVX control group) in OVX rats. The upregulation of serum alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin as well as urinary deoxypyridinoline levels by OVX was suppressed by treatment with SWH extracts in rats (p<0.05, vs. OVX control group). SWH extract increased the stiffness of femur at both dosage (p<0.05, vs. OVX control group) and increased tibial bone mineral density at 60 mg/100 g body weight/d (p<0.05, vs. OVX control group) in OVX rats. Our results indicate that orally administrated SWH extracts can decrease urinary calcium excretion and bone turnover rate in OVX rats, resulting in positive effects on biomechanical strength of bone and bone mineral density. This study is the first to report that SWH could be considered as a potential candidate for management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Then in vitro experiments were performed to determine the potential molecular mechanism of the anti-osteoporotic effect of SWH. Results suggested that chloroform fraction and ethyl acetate fraction of SWH can inhibit osteoclastogenesis osteoclast by modulating the expression of osteoprotegrin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) mRNA in osteoblastic UMR 106 cells. Both of them increased OPG mRNA and decreased RANKL mRNA expression, resulting in a dose-dependent increase in OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio (p<0.01, vs. vehicle-treated). Taken together, SWH treatment can effectively suppress the OVX-induced increase in bone turnover and its effects might be mediated by a decrease in osteoclastogenesis.     

Bone anabolic effects of PTH(1-34) and salmon calcitonin in ovariectomy- and ovariectomy-steroid-induced osteopenic rats: a histomorphometric and biomechanical study

Using an experimental model of type 1 osteoporosis under the chronic therapy with an anti-inflammatory steroid, the bone anabolic effect of PTH(1-34) was evaluated by histomorphometrical and biomechanical analysis. Wistar female rats (12-week-old) were ovariectomized and allowed to develop an osteopenic model in the presence or absence of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA: 0.1 mg/kg, s.c., 3-days-a-week basis from the 5th week after ovariectomy (OVX)). The osteopenia that developed for the first 12 weeks after OVX was almost completely normalized by subsequent PTH pulsing (20 microg/kg, s.c., 5-days-a-week) for 8 weeks starting at the 13th week; the following characteristics were observed: 1) proximal tibial metaphysis: recovered bone volume, rather increased trabecular thickness and osteoid volume, and normalized eroded surface; 2) 5th lumbar vertebra (L-5): partially recovered trabecular connectivity; 3) femur and 4th lumbar vertebra (L-4): recovered mechanical strength in maximum elastic load and maximum elastic energy. The anabolic effect of PTH(1-34) was not substantially modified by MPA. Salmon calcitonin (SCT: 10 U/kg per day, s.c., 5-days-a-week, for 8 weeks) was anabolic in limited parameters: decreased number of osteoclasts, recovered maximum elastic load in femur, and partially recovered maximum elastic load in L-4. The results suggest that PTH(1-34) pulsing is able to recover OVX-induced osteopenia in the structure and mechanical strength not only of the cancellous bone but also of the cortical bone, and the anabolic effect can be clinically expected even under steroid medication.     

Bone loss preventing effect of sophorae fructus on ovariectomized rats

The preventive effects of Sophorae Fructus extracts (I: hot water extract and II: combination product using I) on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated. Sophorae Fructus extracts were orally administrated to OVX rats for 9 weeks. Ovariectomy caused the increase of body weight and deoxypyridinoline (Dpd: bone resorption marker) and decrease of calcium (Ca: bone formation marker) level in serum. Dpd level were significantly decreased and Ca levels were elevated at 9 weeks in Sophorae Fructus extracts administered groups after ovariectomy at a dose of 0.556 g/kg/day compared with control group. In administered groups, trabecular bone area (TBA) in the tibia and lumbar were also increased compared with control group in histomorphological analysis. The preventive or treatment effects of Sophorae Fructus extracts on bone loss in OVX rats appears to be due to suppression of bone turnover.