不同年龄2型糖尿病合并肾脏疾病的病理分析

目的分析不同年龄2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并肾脏疾病的病理特征,探索其临床预测价值,明确肾活检的重要性。方法回顾性分析武汉大学人民医院肾内科2008年—2017年行肾活检的178例T2DM患者的病理资料,深入分析比较非老年组(年龄60岁)135例,年龄17～59岁,平均(45.8±9.8)岁和老年组(≥60岁)43例,年龄60～73岁,平均(64.7±4.1)岁。糖尿病肾病(DN)亚组、非糖尿病肾病(NDRD)亚组和糖尿病肾病合并非糖尿病肾病(DN+NDRD)亚组的肾脏病理特点。结果(1)非老年组DN亚组63例(46.67%),NDRD亚组33例(24.44%),DN+NDRD亚组39例(28.89%);老年组DN亚组17例(39.53%),NDRD亚组13例(30.23%),DN+NDRD亚组13例(30.23%)。(2)非老年组患者合并DN102例(75.56%);老年组合并DN30例(69.76%)。两个年龄组发病率无统计学差异(P0.05)。(3)非老年组合并NDRD72例(53.33%);老年组合并NDRD26例(60.47%)。两个年龄组发病率无统计学差异(P0.05)。(4)T2DM患者合并NDRD,遍及所有肾病类型。非老年组患者以IgA肾病(IgAN)(36.11%)为主,老年组患者则以膜性肾病(MN)(42.31%)为主。统计学分析发现,IgAN在两个年龄组患者间无显著性差异(P0.05),MN则在老年组中发病率高于非老年组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。(5)狼疮肾炎(LN)、乙肝相关性肾小球肾炎(HBV-GN)、局灶节段性肾小球硬化(FSGS)等较多出现在非老年组。(6)微小病变(MCD)、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎(MPGN)、轻微病变等在两个年龄组发病率无差异(P0.05)。结论只有肾脏病理学才能确诊不同年龄T2DM患者合并肾脏疾病的类型,指导今后临床实践中要扩大肾活检范围,提高肾活检率,早诊断、早治疗,从而改善患者的预后。     

老年院前急性肾损伤患者的病因及预后分析

目的:分析老年院前急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的临床特点及预后特征。方法:收集我科在2012年01月～2017年04月期间住院的老年AKI患者(年龄≥60岁),分析此类患者的病因及治疗转归情况。结果:符合条件的老年AKI患者共80例,平均年龄(75. 9±7. 6)岁,非老年患者60例(年龄60岁),平均年龄(42. 8±12. 5)岁;随着年龄的增加,AKI的患病率明显上升;在病因方面,老年组肾前性有33例(40%),较非老年组12例(20%)明显升高;非老年组肾性共有41例(68. 3%),较老年组33例(41. 3%)明显升高;两组在肾后性病因方面差异无统计学意义。在预后分析中,老年组肾功能未恢复者46例(57. 5%),较非老年组21例(35%)明显上升;老年组共有13例死亡(16. 2%),较非老年组3例(5%)也明显上升; Logistic多因素回归分析发现,AKI分期(OR=2. 303,P=0. 018)及多器官功能不全(MODS)(OR=6. 241,P=0. 028)是影响老年AKI患者肾脏预后的独立危险因素;而恶性肿瘤(OR=15. 212,P=0. 001)及MODS(OR=7. 007,P=0. 006)是影响老年AKI患者预后的独立危险因素。结论:老年AKI发病率逐渐增多,肾前性因素是老年AKI的主要致病原因;老年AKI肾功能未恢复比例及死亡率较非老年组明显增加; AKI分期是影响老年AKI患者肾脏预后的危险因素,恶性肿瘤则是影响老年患者预后的危险因素,而MODS是老年AKI肾脏预后及预后的危险因素。     

成年患者围术期合并新型冠状病毒肺炎对预后影响的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析的方法,探索围术期合并新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)对成年手术患者术后并发症和预后的影响,为临床提供循证医学的证据。方法采用Cochrane系统评价方法,计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网、中国生物医学网和万方数据库。检索2019年12月至2020年12月的文献,收集关于围术期合并新型冠状病毒肺炎对患者术后并发症和预后影响的临床对照试验。按Cochrane系统评价方法,对提取的有效数据采用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入7项研究,共计1 976例患者,其中合并COVID-19患者245例(12.40%),未合并COVID-19患者1 731例(87.60%)。Meta分析结果显示:COVID-19组死亡57例(23.27%),非COVID-19组死亡170例(9.82%);结果表明,围术期合并COVID-19较未合并COVID-19患者术后死亡的风险显著增加,有显著的统计学差异(OR=3.68, 95%CI=2.52～5.37,I~2=46%,P0.000 01);围术期合并COVID-19患者术后发生肺部并发症的风险显著高于未合并患者(OR=48.5,95%CI=2.56～920.48,I~2=90%,P=0.010),有显著的统计学差异;然而,术后并发症、ICU入住率和术后住院时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论围术期合并COVID-19的成年患者术后死亡和发生肺部并发症的风险显著增加,除非危及生命或者不可避免的急症手术,此期间需要实施手术治疗的患者须认真评估风险和获益后再慎重决策。     

武汉胸外科医护人员及手术患者新型冠状病毒感染防治临床实践

目的总结武汉市大型三甲医院胸外科防治新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2)肺炎(COVID-19)的临床经验,提供可行的临床实践策略。方法回顾性分析2019年12月15日至2020年2月15日武汉市7家大型三甲医院胸外科确诊COVID-1941例患者的临床资料,其中手术患者20例,男10例、女10例,年龄(54.35±10.80)岁;医护人员21例,男7例、女14例,年龄(30.38±6.23)岁。结果COVID-19患者临床表现主要为发热(70.73%)和咳嗽(53.66%)。COVID-19患者外周血白细胞总数正常或减少,淋巴细胞计数减少,部分患者可出现C反应蛋白增高。COVID-19患者胸部CT早期呈现局限性磨玻璃影改变,以肺外带明显,进而发展为双肺多发浸润影,严重者出现肺实变。确诊时医护人员多为磨玻璃影及单侧病变,甚至肺部无明显异常。COVID-19确诊患者均及时转入隔离病房按国家卫生健康委员会《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案》规范治疗。随访截至2020年2月20日,手术患者出院7例(35.00%),死亡7例(35.00%),医护人员出院13例(61.90%),无死亡。结论武汉市医院胸外科COVID-19患者中,手术患者重症比例及死亡率明显高于普通人群。医护人员易院内感染。早期氧疗及呼吸支持有可能改善预后。COVID-19疫情期间应推迟择期或限期手术。严格把握急诊手术指征。急诊手术应按三级防护处理。胸外科有专科特殊性,若有确诊患者,全科人员应积极排查。早发现、早隔离、早诊断、早治疗是改善COVID-19预后的最佳防治措施。     

肿瘤患者合并急性肾损伤的临床特点和危险因素分析

目的:分析123例肿瘤合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的临床特点、危险因素和预后。方法:回顾性队列研究,分析123例肿瘤合并AKI患者的肿瘤部位、AKI危险因素和预后。以294例非肿瘤合并AKI患者为对照组,比较与肿瘤组在AKI分期、生化指标和预后的差异。结果:(1)肿瘤组AKI男81例,女42例,年龄6岁~91岁,平均(60.8±15.3)岁。肿瘤常见原发部位是上消化道27例(22.0%),下消化道24例(19.5%)和肝/胆管19例(15.4%)。诱发AKI的高危因素最常见的有肾前性因素(56.1%),肿瘤多处转移(55.3%),年龄≥65岁(48.8%),尿路梗阻(39.0%)等,72.4%的患者同时存在3种以上高危因素。(2)非肿瘤AKI 294例,男166例,女128例,平均年龄(68.1±18.0)岁,年龄比肿瘤组大(P0.01)。诱发AKI的前三位高危因素分别为高龄(74.1%),肾前性因素(包括心肾综合征+有效血容量不足+肝硬化=32.6%),脓毒症30.6%。(3)肿瘤组AKI 3期比例多于非肿瘤组,分别是89.4%和69.0%(P0.01)。肿瘤组贫血明显,血肌酐、血钾、血钙水平高于非肿瘤组,血钠低于非肿瘤组(P0.05)。(4)与非肿瘤组相比,肿瘤组AKI住院死亡率高(47.2%VS 31.0%)(P0.01);维持性透析病人多(16.3%VS 4.8%)(P0.01),肾功能恢复的病人少(15.4%VS 44.2%)(P0.01)。结论:合并AKI的肿瘤部位以消化道肿瘤多见,多数患者存在3种以上AKI危险因素,预后差于非肿瘤的AKI患者。     

维持性血液透析患者接种新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗的安全性及影响因素

目的探讨维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis, MHD)患者接种新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)疫苗的现况、安全性及不良反应发生的影响因素。方法该研究为回顾性研究, 以2020年1月至2022年7月天津市MHD患者接种COVID-19疫苗的人群为研究对象, 收集患者的一般资料、接种疫苗情况、不良反应和接种疫苗前后实验室检查等资料。采用Logistic回归分析法分析患者接种疫苗后不良反应发生的危险因素。结果研究期间天津市登记接受血液透析治疗的患者7 375例, 其中53家血液透析中心共1 036例接种COVID-19疫苗的患者被纳入本研究, COVID-19疫苗的接种率为14.05%, 年龄(54.00±13.27)岁(17～88岁), 男性676例(65.25%)。只接种1针疫苗171例(16.51%), 接种2针疫苗464例(44.79%), 接种3针疫苗401例(38.71%), 出现不良反应67例(6.47%), 无严重不良反应。与接种疫苗前相比, 接种疫苗后患者中性粒细胞较低, 淋巴细胞、谷丙转...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者肺部超声特征

目的评价新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者肺部超声特征,并探讨其临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2020年1月23日~2月25日成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心收治的26例COVID-19患者入院第1天的床旁肺超声及其相关临床资料,分析患者双肺10个扫查区域的“B线”、实变和“白肺”等病理性肺超声特征。依据国家卫生健康委员会新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第6版),将患者分成普通型组(13例)和危重型组13例(包括重型4例和危重型9例),比较两组患者的基线资料、肺部CT和肺部超声特征。应用Kappa检验分析肺部CT与肺超声诊断肺实变和胸水的一致性,并计算其一致性比例。分别对每位患者的肺部超声和CT进行肺部病变严重性积分,并对肺部超声和CT积分进行Pearson相关性分析。结果26例COVID-19患者中,男性14例,女性12例,平均年龄(48.25±16.43)岁,其肺部超声显示“B线”、实变和“白肺”的发生率分别为92.3%(24/26)、69.2%(18/26)和46.2%(12/26)。危重型组患者中出现肺实变及多发性肺实变的例数显著多于普通型组[12例(92.3%)vs.4例(30.8%),P=0.004;9例(69.2%)vs.2例(15.4%),P=0.015]。“白肺”仅见于危重型组患者(12/13、92.3%)。危重型组患者的肺超声积分亦显著高于普通型组(18.62±5.35)vs.(4.46±1.71),t=-9.089、P<0.001)。肺超声和肺CT发现肺实变和胸水的一致性较好(渐进P均<0.001,一致性比例均>0.8)。肺部超声积分与CT积分评价肺损伤严重程度的相关性较好(r=0.985,P<0.001)。结论实变和“白肺”是重型和危重型COVID-19患者的典型肺部超声特征。本研究证实肺超声是反映COVID-19患者肺损伤严重程度的可靠技术手段。     

老年人脊髓型颈椎病的特点

目的 探讨老年人脊髓型颈椎病的临床特点,以及年龄对脊髓型颈椎病的预后影响。方法 回顾性对比分析564例脊髓型颈椎病,其中老年患者191例,占33.9％,非老年患者373例。术后随访2～10年,平均5年3个月。结果 老年组中发育性椎管狭窄(χ~2=4.78,P<0.05)、合并退变性椎管狭窄高于非老年组(χ~2=49.07,P<0.01),有效率(χ~2=5.03,P<0.05)、优良率(χ~2=6.5,P<0.05)低于非老年组。结论 老年人脊髓型颈椎病预后差。     

老年腹膜透析患者甲状旁腺激素水平达标率及其与年龄相关性研究

目的调查分析老年维持性腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis, PD)患者甲状旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone, PTH)水平达标率及其与年龄的相关性。方法收集2011年1月至2012年1月期间在四川大学华西医院接受PD治疗3个月以上并规律随访的235例患者的临床资料进行横断面研究,根据年龄分为老年组和非老年组(≥65岁和65岁),比较两组血钙、血磷、PTH及其他生化、营养指标,分析年龄与PTH的相关性。结果两组性别构成、身高、体质量、透析龄等差异无统计学意义(P0.05),糖尿病和高血压患病率在老年组患者更高(P0.05)。老年组PTH达标率低于非老年组(16.66%vs. 25.66%),低PTH水平者(150 pg/mL)老年组高于非老年组(70.83%vs. 48.66%)。老年组血磷、血清白蛋白值水平低于非老年组(P0.05),而血钙及血红蛋白高于非老年组(P0.05)。相关分析显示年龄与PTH水平呈负相关(r=-0.275,P0.05)。结论 PD患者PTH水平与年龄相关,老年PD患者PTH水平明显偏低,这可能是老年患者营养状况较差、血磷下降带来的影响。     

老年腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的致病菌与预后特点分析

目的分析老年腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎致病菌的分布和预后特点,以指导临床采取有效预防措施。 方法回顾性分析2009年1月1日至2017年12月31日期间南京医科大学附属苏州医院肾内科收治的72例次腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎患者的临床资料;根据年龄分为老年组(≥65岁)和中青年组(<65岁),将老年组患者的基本临床特点、致病菌分布以及预后情况与中青年组相比较。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算患者生存率和技术生存率。 结果43例患者(老年组22例,中青年组21例)发生72例次腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(老年组38例次,中青年组34例次),共培养出58株致病菌,老年组31株(包括G^＋菌19株,G^－菌11株,真菌1株);中青年组27株(包括G^＋菌19株,G^－菌5株,真菌3株)。老年组的主要致病菌为G^＋菌(61.29%)。老年组的表皮葡萄球菌的发生率显著高于中青年组(29.03%与3.70%,P＝0.028)。老年组G^－菌和真菌的发生率与中青年组相比,差异无统计学意义。老年组腹膜炎的治疗转归(治愈率、拔管率、死亡率)与中青年组差异无统计学意义(P＝0.265,P＝0.066,P＝0.279)。Kaplan-Meier分析显示老年组的总体生存率并不低于中青年组(P＝0.282),而老年组的技术生存率显著高于中青年组(P＝0.007)。 结论老年腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎患者的致病菌分布与中青年患者有所不同,与他们更容易出现接触污染有关。老年腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎患者的总体预后并不比中青年患者差。     

Long-term survival analysis of the elderly peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To analyze the clinical data of the elderly peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), and to find the risk factors for the long-term survival. Methods Baseline data and the outcome of maintenance PD patients from 1996-03 to 2015-09-30 were collected for a retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into the non-elderly group (＜65 years old), the 65-79 years old group and the ≥80 years old group, and were follow to 2016-09-30. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and the risk factors of outcome were analyzed by the Cox's regression model. Results Among 577 PD patients, about 243(42.1%) were elderly patients, including 207 patients aged between 65 and 79 years (35.9%) and 36 patients aged 80 or more (6.2%). The most common primary disease causing PD was diabetic nephropathy (DN) for both elderly and non-elderly patients. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year survival rate of patients aged between 65 and 79 years were 87.0%, 61.9%, 32.4% respectively, and 72.5%, 48.5%, 27.3% for the ≥80 years old group. The dominating reasons of death were cardiovascular events and infection. There was no difference of technical survival rates among three groups, and the most common reason for technical failure was peritonitis. For elderly patients, diabetes (HR=2.193, 95%CI 1.445-3.328, P＜0.001) and lower baseline serum albumin (HR=0.968, 95%CI 0.940-0.996, P=0.026) were independent risk factors for death. However, for non-elderly patients, diabetes (HR=3.746, 95%CI 2.149-6.529, P＜0.001) was the only independent risk factor for death. Conclusions Cardiovascular diseases and infection are the main reasons for death among the elderly PD patients in PUMCH. Diabetes and lower baseline serum albumin may predict the mortality of elderly PD patients independently. Better management of nutrition might improve survival in elderly PD patients.     

Clinical features and management of brain arteriovenous malformations in elderly patients

Summary. Background. Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the elderly have not received sufficient attention, given the increase in age of individuals in recent years. We therefore designed a retrospective study to clarify features of brain AVMs in this age group in comparison with their counterparts in the general population.Methods. A retrospective study was performed, based on data for AVMs treated in Nara Medical University Hospital and affiliated hospitals over the past 13 years. The series included all cases of brain AVMs, except for pure dural AVMs, diagnosed from June 1989 to June 2003. A total of 175 patients were diagnosed as having an AVM during this period, including 32 patients more than 60 years old. Clinical features and effective treatment of brain AVMs in those over and under 60 were explored and outcome at 3 to 6 months after surgery was evaluated according to a modified neurological scale.Findings. The most common mode of presentation was intracranial hemorrhage in both groups, and this was remarkable in the elderly. Epilepsy at presentation was less frequent in the elderly (P<0.05). In the elderly group infratentorial lesions were encountered more frequently (P<0.05). Good or excellent outcomes of surgery were accomplished in 82.6% of the non-elderly group, and in 69.6% of the elderly group. When restricted to the grades I or II of Spetzler and Martin (S & M) grading, postoperative neurological scores of both groups were significantly better than preoperative values (P<0.01). In the grade III cases, the non-elderly demonstrated significant improvement after surgery (P<0.01), but the elderly did not.Interpretation. Elderly patients with a brain AVM had clinical features of less frequent epileptic presentation and more frequent infratentorial lesions. It was suggested that surgery was acceptable in elderly patients with pallial AVMs of grade I and II. Surgery for grade III AVMs of the elderly remains to be clarified.     

Elderly trauma mortality in a resource-limited setting: A benchmark for process improvement

IntroductionAs life expectancy improves globally, the burden of elderly trauma continues to increase. Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to have the most rapid growth in its elderly demographic. Consequently, we sought to examine the trends in characteristics and outcomes of elderly trauma in a tertiary care hospital in Malawi.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients in the trauma registry at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi from 2011-2017. Patients were categorized into elderly (≥ 65 years) and non-elderly (18-64 years). Bivariate analysis compared the characteristics and outcomes of elderly vs. non-elderly patients. The elderly population was then examined over the study period. Poisson regression modeling was used to determine the risk of mortality among elderly patients over time.ResultsOf 63,699 adult trauma patients, 1,925 (3.0%) were aged ≥ 65 years. Among the elderly, the most common mechanism of injury was falls (n = 725 [37.7%]) whereas vehicle or bike collisions were more common in the non-elderly (n = 15,967 [25.9%]). Fractures and dislocations were more prevalent in the elderly (n = 808 [42.0%] vs. 9,133 [14.8%], p < 0.001). In-hospital crude mortality for the elderly was double the non-elderly group (4.8% vs. 2.4%, p < 0.001). Elderly transfers, surgeries, and length of stay significantly increased over the study period but mortality remained relatively unchanged. When adjusted for injury severity and transfer status, there was no significant difference in risk of in-hospital mortality over time.ConclusionAt KCH, the proportion of elderly trauma patients is slowly increasing. Although healthcare resource utilization has increased over time, the overall trend in mortality has not improved. As the quality of care for the most vulnerable populations is a benchmark for the success of a trauma program, further work is needed to improve the trend in outcomes of the elderly trauma population in Malawi.     

Symptomatic biliary tract disease in the elderly patient

Acute symptomatic biliary tract disease in the elderly is usually associated with a tenfold increase in operative morbidity and mortality when compared to the disease in non-elderly patients. Over a 10-year period 118 elderly patients with a mean age of 77.2 years (range 65 to 98 years) were operated on for benign biliary tract disease. Acute cholecystitis was found at operation in 33 patients (28%), empyema in nine (7.6%), gangrene of the gallbladder in three (2.5%), and 24 patients (20.3%) were found to have common bile duct stones. Seventy-three patients had chronic cholecystitis. Complications occurred in 29 patients (24.6%), with pneumonia and wound infection as the two most common. Fifteen patients died, making the overall mortality rate 12.7 per cent. The mean age of the patients who died was 81.5 years. Two patients died following elective operations (mortality rate 1.7%), while the remainder died after emergent or urgent operations (11%). Elective biliary tract surgery in the elderly for symptomatic disease is safe and will reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality.     

Clinical and pathological analysis of renal biopsies of elderly patients in Northeast China: a single-center study

PurposeTo identify the clinical characteristics, histopathological features, and prognosis of kidney disease in a large cohort of elderly patients from Northeast China.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the renal disease spectrum in 7,122 patients who underwent renal biopsies at the Second Hospital of Jilin University from 2006 to 2020. Patients were grouped according to age: below 60 years (non-elderly group, n = 5923) and at least 60 years (elderly group, n = 1199). The clinical and pathological characteristics of renal biopsy patients in the groups were analyzed using the t-test and chi-square test.ResultsCompared with the non-elderly group, the elderly group had significantly fewer patients with primary glomerulonephritis, but more patients with tubulointerstitial disorders (p < .05). The incidence of IgA nephropathy, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, and lupus nephritis was significantly lower in elderly patients than in non-elderly patients. The incidence of membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, systemic vasculitis-associated renal damage, and amyloid nephropathy was significantly higher in elderly patients than in non-elderly patients (p < .05). The incidence of perinephric hematoma (≥4 cm²) in elderly patients with renal biopsy was lower than that in non-elderly patients. We noted that 79.9% of primary glomerulonephritis patients who received immunosuppressive therapy showed a remission rate of 83.5%.ConclusionThe spectrum of kidney disease in the elderly is different from that in the younger population.     

Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Elderly with Gastric Cancer,and the Risk Factors of Postoperative Complications

Purpose: In China, gastric cancer (GC), which is one of the most common malignant tumors, has an increasing incidence in elderly population due to aging process. Since a considerable number of elderly patients with GC accepting surgical treatments developed postoperative complications, it is necessary to evaluate risk factors for postoperative complications. Materials and methods: In the present study, the clinicopathologic characteristics of 3,024 elderly patients (aged ≥65 years) with GC, who underwent surgery between 1996 and 2006, were examined and contributing factors for postoperative complications were analyzed. A total of 2,915 non-elderly patients (aged <65 years) with GC during the same period were enrolled as a control group. Clinicopathologic characteristics of non-elderly patients were investigated and compared with elderly group. Results: As to clinicopathologic characteristics, significant differences were detected in terms of location of primary lesions between elderly patients and non-elderly patients (p <.05), whereas no statistical difference was observed in other characteristics between two groups (p >.05). Surgical property and method in elderly patients were similar to that in non-elderly patients (p >.05). Regression analysis showed that diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, preoperative anemia, preoperative hypoalbuminemia, combined organ excision, and blood transfusion were independent factors for complications in elderly patients (p <.05), with some differences from non-elderly group. Conclusions: Elderly group with GC had distinctive clinicopathologic characteristics. Surgery remains principal treatment for elderly, and proper preoperative measures are required to decrease postoperative complications.     

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目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)的病因。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2011年12月12年间北京协和医院住院治疗的337例SAP病人的临床资料。结果 337例病人胆源性SAP占46.9%,特发性占19.8%、高脂血症性占16.3%、酒精性占10.4%。高脂血症性SAP有上升趋势(10.9%vs.20.0%,P=0.027)。酒精性SAP中男性比例明显高于女性(15.3%vs.0.9%,P<0.001)。老年SAP病人中胆源性比例高于非老年(74.1%vs.32.6%,P<0.001),高脂血症性和酒精性则以非老年为高(P<0.001)。结论胆源性是SAP最常见病因,在老年SAP中其比例更高;高脂血症性SAP呈上升趋势;酒精性SAP多见于男性;高脂血症性和酒精性SAP多见于中青年病人。     

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely applied in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC) as a minimally invasive treatment, which has advantages over surgery, especially in the elderly who have high risk of surgery. This study elucidated the efficacy and safety of ESD for SESCC in the elderly.

Methods

Between April 2007 and June 2016, a total of 176 patients with SESCC treated with ESD were analyzed. Clinical outcomes including En bloc, complete, and curative resection rates, procedure-related complication rates, and cumulative recurrence rates were compared between the elderly (n?=?46, ≥70 years of age) and the non-elderly groups (n?=?130, <70 years of age).

Results

Between the two groups, sex, past medical history (hypertension and diabetes), body mass index, tumor characteristics (number, location, shape, maximal and circumferential size of the tumor and the resected specimen, and depth), and use of stricture prevention except for age (elderly vs non-elderly; 74.1?±?2.78 vs. 61.1?±?6.06 years, p?<?0.001) did not differ. En bloc resection (elderly vs. non-elderly; 93.5 vs. 93.8%, p?=?1.000), complete resection (elderly vs. non-elderly; 69.6 vs. 76.2%, p?=?0.433), and curative resection rates (elderly vs. non-elderly; 54.3 vs. 60.0%, p?=?0.602) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Procedure time and hospital stay were also similar between the two groups. Complications of ESD such as stricture (17.4 vs. 10.8%, p?=?0.299) and perforation (13.0 vs. 6.2%, p?=?0.083) occurred at a similar rate in the elderly and non-elderly groups. After curative ESD, cumulative recurrence rate of the elderly group (0%) did not differ significantly to that of the non-elderly group (5.1%) by the log-rank test (p?=?0.307).

Conclusion

ESD for SESCC is effective and safe in elderly patients as in non-elderly patients.

     

Late referral--a major cause of poor outcome in the very elderly dialysis patient.

BACKGROUND: The population of incident dialysis patients is progressively ageing and dialysis outcome is particularly poor in the elderly. There is little documentation whether late referral is more frequent in the very elderly (> or =75 years) as compared with non-elderly patients and whether it contributes, at least in part, to their particularly poor outcome. METHODS: In a retrospective single center study we assessed all consecutive patients (n = 254) who had been admitted to haemodialysis between 1998 and 2001. Outcome in relation to the interval between the time of referral and start of dialysis was compared in very elderly and non-elderly patients. According to a previous analysis in our center major adverse outcome is seen in patients referred < or =8 weeks before the start of dialysis. For the present study this time interval was therefore operationally defined as 'late referral'. RESULTS: Expectedly 1 year after start of dialysis mortality was higher (31%) in the very elderly compared with younger patients (19%). The interval between referral and first dialysis was less in patients > or =75 years (median interval 3.5 weeks) compared with patients <75 years (median 20.5 weeks; P = 0.007). The difference in 1 year mortality between timely (>8 weeks) vs late (< or =8 weeks) referral, however, was as high in the very elderly (42% vs 16%) as in the younger patients (34% vs 9%). The relative risk of death conferred by late referral was also not significantly different in the very elderly (RR 1.80) compared with the younger (RR 2.32) patient. Using multivariate analysis timing of referral proves to be an independent factor with regard to the outcome and time of survival. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that late referral is more frequent in the very elderly. Although the relative risk of death conferred by late referral is similar in the very elderly and non-elderly, due to higher frequency of late referral it accounts for a large proportion of excess mortality in the very elderly.     

腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗老年胃食管反流病

目的:对比腹腔镜Nissen 胃底折叠术在老年组和非老年组胃食管反流病(GERD)的疗效,评价其在老年人应用的可行性.方法:回顾分析因GERD行腹腔镜Nissen胃底折叠术治疗的老年病人28例,随机选取同时期非老年GERD病人40例作为对照组,分析不同年龄组患者的治疗效果.结果:术后两组症状完全消失.食管下段压力由(8.8±2.6)mmHg(1mmHg =0.133 kPa)提高到(18.23±3.6)mmHg(P＜ 0.01),24 h pH值检测评分由105.4±3.7降低到8.12±2.1(P＜ 0.01),较术前明显改善,并达到正常范围.平均随访4.5年,非老年组症状复发2例,老年组1例.远期吞咽困难老年组发生8例,非老年组为1例,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05).结论:在老年GERD病人中实施腹腔镜Nissen 胃底折叠术与在非老年病人中实施一样安全、有效,但远期吞咽困难发生率较非老年人为高.