自行研制的跟骨载距突螺钉导向器辅助固定跟骨关节内骨折北大核心CSCD

目的 通过与普通螺钉导向器比较,探讨自行研制的跟骨载距突螺钉导向器辅助固定跟骨骨折的有效性. 方法 回顾性分析2012年5月至2013年10月收治的40例跟骨骨折患者资料,根据固定跟骨骨折所使用的跟骨载距突螺钉导向器不同分为跟骨载距突螺钉导向器组（A组,20例24足）和普通螺钉导向器组（B组,20例22足）,两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,具有可比性.比较两组患者的手术时间、透视次数、螺钉置入精确率、Maryland足部评分优良率. 结果 所有患者术后均获随访,时间12 ～ 24个月（平均15个月）.A组患者的手术时间[（77.8±9.5）min]短于B组[（84.4±9.4）min],透视次数（2.5±0.9）少于B组（4.1±1.3）,螺钉置入精确率（91.7％）高于B组（68.2％）,Maryland足部评分优良率（91.7％）高于B组（63.6％）,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）. 结论 采用该导向器辅助固定跟骨的载距突,能明显提高固定载距突的准确性,临床效果较好,适合各级医院的骨科医生应用.     

载距突螺钉导向器在跟骨载距突螺钉置钉中的应用

背景：跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗时准确置入载距突螺钉可获得最佳固定效果。但由于跟骨复杂的解剖特点和术中有限的X线透视效果,完成载距突螺钉的准确置钉工作难度极大。而准确置入载距突螺钉的方法仍存较大争议。目的：探讨跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗时使用跟骨载距突螺钉导向器辅助载距突螺钉的准确置钉效果。方法方法：回顾性分析2010年7月至2013年12月手术治疗的42例（48足）跟骨关节内骨折病例,男35例,女7例;年龄15-67岁,平均38.9岁。根据Sanders分型：Ⅱ型22足,Ⅲ型19足,Ⅳ型7足。所有手术均采用跟骨外侧入路,术中使用跟骨载距突螺钉导向器辅助置入跟骨载距突螺钉。术后复查X线与CT,验证螺钉置入载距突的准确性。结果：42例患者术后随访7-28个月,平均17.4个月。按美国足踝外科协会Maryland足部功能评分标准进行功能评定：优21足,良19足,可8足,差0足;术后Maryland足部评分平均为87.8分,优良率83.3%。共置入53枚载距突螺钉。1枚螺钉从跟骨后关节面内下方露出部分螺纹,1枚螺钉从载距突前方穿出,1枚螺钉穿出载距突关节面进入距跟中关节,1枚螺钉远端一半螺纹在载距突下方露出,余49枚螺钉位于载距突内;螺钉置入精确率为92.5%（49/53）。结论：跟骨载距突螺钉导向器能辅助术者从跟骨外侧入路准确完成载距突螺钉置钉。     

跟骨载距突螺钉导向器的研制与临床应用

目的探讨自行研制的跟骨载距突螺钉导向器辅助固定跟骨载距突的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2012年5月-2013年10月收治的40例(47足)跟骨关节内骨折患者临床资料。其中男29例,女11例;年龄25~68岁,平均46岁。跟骨骨折根据Sanders分型:Ⅱ型17足,Ⅲ型20足,Ⅳ型10足。伤后至入院时间1~12 h,平均6.02 h。应用自行研制的跟骨载距突螺钉导向器辅助固定跟骨载距突。记录术中透视次数;测量手术前后跟骨Bhler角和Gissane角;按照Maryland足部评分系统评价术后功能恢复情况。结果术中透视2~4次,平均2.85次。共植入47枚螺钉,其中1枚穿过载距突前下,l枚进入载距突前方,余45枚均准确通过后关节面下方骨块,精确率达95.7%。40例均获随访,随访时间8~18个月,平均12个月。术后3例发生腓肠神经损伤,2例皮缘切口坏死及感染。患者跟骨骨折均愈合,愈合时间9~18周,平均12.72周。末次随访时患者Bhler角和Gissane角分别为(29.40±4.65)°和(130.84±5.08)°,与术前的(6.48±3.67)°和(99.30±5.85)°比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=—31.38,P=0.00;t=—28.32,P=0.00)。末次随访时按Maryland足部评分系统评价为65~98分,平均90.66分;其中优41足,良3足,可3足,优良率93.6%。结论采用跟骨载距突螺钉导向器辅助固定跟骨载距突,能明显提高螺钉固定载距突的准确性,减少术中透视对人体伤害。     

载距突螺钉固定术治疗Sanders Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型跟骨骨折

目的:探讨载距突螺钉固定术治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折的临床疗效.方法:2010年1月至2012年10月行切开复位内固定治疗跟骨骨折38例38足.根据Sanders分类,Ⅱ型15足,Ⅲ型23足.按固定方式不同分为两组:载距突固定组18例,男13例,女5例,年龄25～55岁,平均(38.56±8.03)岁,每例均有1枚螺钉拧入载距突;载距突未固定组20例,男16例,女4例,年龄29～53岁,平均(42.35±8.29)岁,螺钉未拧入载距突.通过两组术前、术后影像学指标的变化及术后Maryland足评分、VAS评分比较疗效.结果:38例均获随访,时间12～20个月,平均14个月.两组术后均恢复了B(o)hler角,重建了距下关节.术后1年Maryland足评分,载距突固定组平均88.61±7.59,载距突未固定组平均82.40±9.24,载距突固定组评分高于未固定组,足功能恢复更好.术后1年VAS评分,载距突固定组平均13.39±11.47,载距突未固定组平均22.50±13.10,载距突固定组术后VAS评分更低,足痛更少.结论:使用载距突螺钉固定术治疗SandersⅡ、Ⅲ型跟骨骨折,固定强度大,稳定性高,术后疼痛少,功能恢复更好.     

点对点定位器辅助置入固定跟骨骨折载距突螺钉的初步报告

目的 探讨跟骨骨折治疗中在点对点定位器的引导下辅助置入固定载距突螺钉的可行性.方法 2008年12月至2009年10月共收治11例(11足)涉及后关节面明显移位的跟骨骨折患者,均为男性;年龄28～58岁,平均32岁;左侧4例,右侧7例.骨折按Sanders分型:Ⅱ型4例(Ⅱa型2例,Ⅱb型1例,Ⅱc型1例),Ⅲ型7例(Ⅲab型1例,Ⅲac型4例,Ⅲbc型2例).均采用手术方法治疗,其中固定载距突的1枚或2枚螺钉采用点对点定位器引导的方法辅助置入.术后复查X线和CT片,验证螺钉置入载距突的准确性.结果 11例患者术后获2～13个月(平均7个月)随访.按照美国足踝外科协会Maryland足部评分系统进行功能评定:优6例,良3例,可2例;术后Maryland足部评分平均为88分,与术前(34分)比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.975,P＜0.05).所有患者共置入16枚固定载距突的螺钉,其中1枚穿过载距突前下,1枚进入载距突前方,其余14枚均准确通过后关节面下方骨块,精确率达87.5%.结论 点对点定位器能够帮助术者准确置入固定载距突的螺钉.     

跗骨窦入路空心钉固定术治疗SandersⅡ型跟骨骨折

背景:微创治疗跟骨骨折渐成趋势,通过跗骨窦入路空心螺钉内固定治疗SandersⅡ型跟骨骨折的方法和疗效值得探讨。目的:探讨跗骨窦入路空心螺钉内固定治疗跟骨SandersⅡ型骨折的手术方法和临床疗效。方法:采用跗骨窦入路经载距突空心螺钉内固定治疗35例跟骨骨折患者,男21例,女14例;年龄23~58岁,平均(45.4±6.9)岁;左侧23例,右侧12例;骨折按Sanders分型:ⅡA型17例,ⅡB型18例。测量记录患者术前术后B?hler角和Gissane角,观察关节面的恢复情况。按照美国足踝外科协会Maryland足部评分标准评价足部功能恢复效果。结果:本组患者均获得随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均(9.5±1.9)个月。骨折均愈合,愈合时间8~12周,平均(9.8±1.5)周。无切口并发症发生。B?hler角术前平均15.2°±2.6°,术后平均30.7°±3.2°;Gissane角术前平均95.9°±4.0°,术后平均125.2°±11.6°,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按Maryland足部评分系统进行功能评定:优24例,良9例,可2例,优良率为94.3%。结论:跗骨窦入路经载距突空心螺钉内固定治疗跟骨SandersⅡ型骨折,组织剥离少,可以很好地恢复跟距关节面平整,跟骨的宽度、B?hler角及Gissane角均得到良好的恢复,值得临床推广应用。     

超声辅助定位载距突螺钉位置治疗跟骨骨折

[目的] 研究超声辅助定位载距突螺钉位置在跗骨窦入路开放复位内固定跟骨骨折的意义。[方法] 2015年2月～2018年5月,47例(52足)跟骨骨折患者纳入本研究,采用随机数字表法分为两组。超声定位组24例(27足),术前通过超声确定载距突的体表定位点,术中用导向器自外侧壁钢板处置入载距突螺钉;常规组23例(25足)采取常规术中C型臂透视定位打入载距突螺钉。比较两组临床与影像结果。[结果] 两组患者均顺利手术,超声定位组手术时间、术中透视次数显著优于常规组(P0.05)。随访时间12～18个月,随着随访时间延长,两组患者AOFAS评分均显著增加(P0.05)。术前和术后1个月时,两组间AOFAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后12个月随访,超声定位组显著优于常规组(P0.05)。影像显示术后两组患者骨折均达到复位标准,超声定位组无载距突螺钉穿出,常规组4枚载距突螺钉穿出。术后两组患者Bohler角和Gissane角均较术前显著增加(P0.05);术后12个月随访时,超声定位组的Bohler角和Gissane角显著优于常规组(P0.05)。[结论] 术前超声定位载距突不仅可以更精确的置入载距突螺钉,而且手术更加微创、安全。     

自制骨科导向复位钳在载距突螺钉置入应用

[目的]介绍跟骨关节内骨折手术治疗时使用自制骨科导向复位钳辅助载距突螺钉手术技术的初步疗效。[方法] 2016年1月～2019年8月开放复位内固定治疗跟骨关节内骨折41例(43足)。所有手术均采用跗骨窦与跟骨后外侧联合切口,术中使用自制骨科导向复位钳辅助置入跟骨载距突螺钉。[结果] 41例患者均顺利手术,切口均I期愈合,无感染和皮缘坏死及不愈合发生。末次随访时Maryland足功能评分(89.09±5.37)分,术后CT扫描显示2枚载距突螺钉部分螺纹自距下关节中关节面穿出;1例自载距突前侧穿出,准确率为93.02%(40/43)。与术前相比,术后CT间隙显著减少,而贝氏角和盖氏角显著增加(P0.05)。[结论]骨科导向复位钳能辅助术者准确完成载距突螺钉置钉,并可减少冠状面骨折间隙。     

载距突螺钉内固定治疗SandersⅡ型跟骨骨折的生物力学研究

 目的 探讨载距突螺钉内固定在SandersⅡ型跟骨骨折治疗中的作用及必要性。方法 将跟骨CT扫描后的Dicom数据输入Mimics 12.0软件及Ansys 13.0软件中构建跟骨三维有限元数字模型。而后,将此模型导入Solidworks 2010软件中,根据Sanders分型切割跟骨,建立SandersⅡ型跟骨骨折模型。将AO跟骨钢板及螺钉的几何参数输入Solidworks 2010软件中,在跟骨模型的基础上建立两种内固定模拟,一种为钢板放于跟骨外侧面,在钢板后关节面下方2枚螺钉孔、钢板后方2枚螺钉孔、钢板下方1枚螺钉孔、钢板前方2枚螺钉孔分别垂直跟骨打入松质骨螺钉;另一种为在前一种固定方式的基础上再在钢板后关节面最下方螺钉孔向载距突打入1枚皮质骨螺钉。在相同条件下分别对两种内固定模型加载,行非线性有限元分析,分别计算两种内固定模型的应力分布情况。结果 在相同条件的加载下两种内固定跟骨模型的最大主应力均集中于载距突皮质骨,载距突螺钉内固定模型在骨缝间位移值、跟骨最大主应力值、钢板螺钉内固定系统的最大主应力值方面均较无载距突螺钉内固定模型小,且应力更分散。结论 载距突螺钉内固定治疗跟骨骨折符合生物力学稳定性,可很好地用于临床。     

载距突的解剖学研究及其在跟骨关节内移位骨折手术中的应用

目的 通过研究跟骨载距突本身及其与周围组织的解剖学关系来设计内固定的最佳位置和角度. 方法①测量正常跟骨的以下指标:载距突的前倾角、跟骨后关节面前部的前倾角、跟骨中部最大宽度、载距突基底部厚度,②观察跟骨内部结构,⑧研究载距突及其周围结构解剖学,④观察跟骨中部螺钉模拟内固定及测量相关角度,⑤随访观察27例经外侧入路切开复位内固定治疗的跟骨关节内移位骨折患者的效果. 结果载距突的前倾角、跟骨后关节面前部的前倾角、跟骨中部最大宽度、载距突基底部最大及最小厚度分别是50°±5°、69°±5°、(41.75±1.76)mm、(12.14±1.60)mm、(4.81±1.07)mm;载距突中关节面下方的骨小梁结构致密,并且与跟骨后关节面下方的致密骨小梁相连续;载距突与走行于其内侧的肌腱血管关系密切;在冠状面上测量自后关节面到载距突的三个进针点打入克氏针的最佳进针方向分别是:最低点向上25°±5°、最高点向下3°±3°、中点向上13°±3°;根据以上测量值进行手术,无患者出现复位或内固定失败的情况,疗效按照美国足踝外科协会后足评分系统评分,优良率为88.9%. 结论载距突是跟骨关节内移位骨折手术时螺钉置入的理想位置,应根据跟骨中部的横径选择螺钉的长度,根据载距突基底部的最小径选择螺钉的直径,根据载距突与后关节面的相互关系决定螺钉的进钉方向,可以获得满意的临床疗效.     

Fractures of the sustentaculum tali

Objective

Anatomical reconstruction of displaced sustentaculum tali fractures via a direct medial approach.

Indications

Displaced fractures of the sustentaculum tali with incongruity or depression of the medial facet of the subtalar joint, entrapment of the flexor hallucis longus or flexor digitorum longus tendons, fracture line extending into the posterior facet of the subtalar joint.

Contraindications

Infected or grossly contaminated soft tissue, severely restricted vascular supply to the foot, high perioperative risk.

Surgical technique

Direct medial approach over the sustentaculum tali, retraction of the tendons, joint exploration, fracture reduction using the medial facet and cortical outline as guidelines, fracture fixation with two small fragment screws from medial to lateral directed slightly plantarly and posteriorly. Fractures with depression of the medial facet as a whole can alternatively be reduced and fixed percutaneously.

Postoperative management

Lower leg splint for 5–7 days, partial weight-bearing with 20 kg for 6–8 weeks (until radiographic signs of consolidation) in the patient’s own shoewear, early range of motion exercises of the ankle, subtalar and mid-tarsal joints.

Results

Over a course of 15 years, 31 patients were treated operatively for sustentacular fractures. In all, 27 patients (87?%) had additional fractures to the same foot and ankle. Eighteen patients with a mean age of 41 years treated at our institution with screw fixation for a unilateral fracture of the sustentaculum tali could be followed for a mean of 80 months (range 15–151 months). No wound healing problems or infections were seen with the medial approach. At the time of follow-up, 15 sustentaculum tali fractures had an average Foot Function Index of 21.6 and an average AOFAS Ankle–Hindfoot Score of 83.6. Patients with isolated fractures of the sustentaculum tali had significantly better scores than those with additional injuries. In 1 patient, an additional lateral process fracture of the talus required subtalar fusion due to persistent pain. Care must be taken not to overlook these atypical calcaneal fractures and accompanying injuries to the mid-tarsal joint and the lateral talar process as seen in 45% and 23%, respectively, in the present series.     

内侧入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨单纯载距突骨折

 目的　探讨内侧入路切开复位内固定治疗跟骨载距突骨折的临床疗效。方法　回顾性分析2006年9月至2011年3月采用内侧入路切开复位空心拉力螺钉或克氏针内固定治疗23例跟骨单纯载距突骨折患者资料,男19例,女4例;年龄17～41岁,平均26.3岁;右侧14例,左侧9例。伴随损伤：合并距骨骨折4例,跖骨骨折4例,骰骨骨折3例。其中17例载距突骨块移位 ＞1 mm,6例骨折线累及中距下关节面。采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分标准对手术前后足部功能进行评估。结果　跟骨载距突骨折均固定可靠,骨折临床愈合时间8～10周,平均8.5周。15例患者获得随访,随访时间10～56个月,平均20.5个月。末次随访时AOFAS踝与后足评分80～100分,其中优2例,良13例,优良率为100%(15/15)。3例患者恢复行走时有轻微一过性疼痛症状出现,经热敷等理疗后症状消失;无一例患者发生伤口感染、骨不连、长屈肌腱腱鞘炎、跗管综合征等严重并发症。结论　采用内侧入路切开复位内固定治疗移位超过1 mm或骨折线累及中距下关节面的单纯跟骨载距突骨折术后疗效满意。     

The sustentaculum tali: anatomic, radiographic, and surgical considerations

Three purposes of this study were to: 1) describe the sustentaculum tali in relation to surrounding structures, 2) identify its radiographic projection onto the lateral calca neus, and 3) determine optimal angles for screw placement. Twelve cadaver specimens were used. The length a width of the sustentaculum was measured. Its midpoint was measured from surrounding anatomic landmarks. A point on the lateral calcaneal wall "point A" was chosen. This marks the intersection of two lines bisecting the midpoint of the posterior facet and the lateral calcaneal height. The angles required to pass a pin from point A into the sustentaculum were determined. The sustentaculum projected as a triangular/elliptical structure on the lateral radiograph. It was superimposed on the anterior portion of the posterior facet.     

Fractures of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus: a case report

BACKGROUND: Isolated fractures of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus are rare and often missed upon initial presentation. There are few papers in the literature that comment on the management of these fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed four cases of fractures of the sustentaculum talus of the calcaneus treated with open reduction and internal fixation from one surgeon's 15-year practice. RESULTS: This is a case report that describes the presentation, management and outcome of these four cases. CONCLUSIONS: In this small series of cases, operative treatment appears to have been appropriate. Direct anatomic approach with accurate open reduction and internal fixation has been relatively successful in these patients.     

空心钉内固定治疗累及中距关节面的载距突骨折

目的:探讨空心钉内固定治疗跟骨单纯载距突骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2012年8月至2017年6月,采用空心钉内固定治疗累及中距关节面的载距突骨折患者13例,男10例,女3例,年龄26～58岁。测量并比较术前、术后1年CT冠状面上跟骨宽度及中距、后距关节间隙距离以评估距下关节面平整度,术后1年采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分标准对其临床疗效进行评估。结果:13例患者获得随访,时间9～70个月。骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间8～16周。术后未出现距下关节炎、腱鞘炎等并发症。跟骨宽度由术前的46.2～52.7 mm降至术后的35.2～39.2 mm,中距关节间隙由术前的4.5～4.8 mm降至术后的1.9～2.2 mm,后距关节间隙由术前的2.4～2.8 mm降至术后的1.9～2.3 mm。术后1年AOFAS评分为77～94,其中优1例,良12例。结论:采用2枚空心钉交叉内固定治疗累及中距关节面的载距突骨折疗效满意,载距突骨折块可以得到良好复位,中距关节面恢复平整,足部功能改善明显。     

Surgical management of symptomatic talocalcaneal coalitions by resection of the sustentaculum tali

Previously described techniques for surgical resection of the subtalar coalitions are technically demanding, with poor outcomes related to incomplete resection and recurrence of the coalition. A new technique, involving complete excision of the involved portion of the sustentaculum tali, has been developed at the authors' institution. A retrospective review of 10 patients with 12 coalitions was performed. The index procedure was performed at an average age of 12.7 years, with a mean follow-up of 5.1 years. Preoperative CT scans obtained to assess the extent of the coalition were analyzed. The AOFAS Hindfoot Questionnaire was used postoperatively to assess the patients' overall outcome and satisfaction with the procedure. Overall, there were eight excellent results and three good results. The postoperative mean AOFAS score was 90 compared with a preoperative score of 46. There have been no recurrences of the coalition or progressive foot malalignment in this series of patients.     

Prenatal development around the sustentaculum tali and its relation to talocalcaneal coalitions

Twenty cartilaginous talocalcaneal bridges were found in 16 cases among 142 feet from 119 embryos and fetuses ranging from 7 to 20 weeks. The cartilaginous bridges were mainly located extraarticularly between the posteromedial portion of the sustentaculum tali and the corresponding part of the talus. The incidence of talocalcaneal bridges was high in the prenatal period, especially during the ninth and tenth week; it was much less common in older specimens. This condition is attributed to either failure of or delay in differentiation of mesenchymal tissue into more specialized tissue between the posterior portion of sustentaculum tali and the corresponding part of the talus during the 7 1/2-8 1/2 postovulatory weeks.     

Hypertrophic sustentaculum tali causing a tarsal tunnel syndrome: a case report.

A case report of tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by a hypertrophic sustentaculum tali is presented. This is the first reported case secondary to this etiology. Complete resolution of the patient's symptoms has been obtained through resection of the hypertrophic anatomy. The authors also discuss possible etiologies of tarsal tunnel syndrome.