先天性胆总管囊肿癌变的防治经验

目的：总结先天性胆总管囊肿癌变的防治经验。方法；对20年间收治的16例先天性胆总管囊肿癌变患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：7例既往未做过手术，9例为内引流术后癌变。临床表现为非特异性，其中12例表现为化脓性胆管炎，4例为上腹部包块，16例均伴乏力，消瘦。7例既往无手术史的癌变患者中5例行ERCP检查，其中4例合并胆胰管合流异常。手术方式包括剖腹探查术4例，T管引流术4例，囊肿切除加胰十二指肠切除术3例。囊肿部分发除，肝左外叶切除2例，囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术3例。癌变主要位于囊壁者14例，术后病理结果腺癌占多数（13例）。术后生存期为4－31个月，平均12．7月。结论：先天性胆总管囊肿癌变的临床表现不典型，术前诊断困难，预后极差，行内引流术后更易癌变。应以预防为主，对先天性胆管囊肿患者推荐行囊肿完全切除术。术中冰切片检查有助确诊，对浸润至胰腺的病例应考虑行囊肿切除及胰十二指肠切除术。     

先天性胆总管囊肿内引流术后癌变

文章总结了８例先天性胆总管囊肿内引流术后癌变病例。指出为防止囊肿癌变及其并发症的发生，对先天性胆总管囊肿病人应尽可能作根治性囊肿切除术和行肝管空肠ＲｏｕｘｅｎＹ吻合术，以预防胆管的癌变，对确诊为癌变病人，主张行胰十二指肠切除术。     

先天性胆总囊肿内引流术后癌变

文章总结了８例先天性胆总管囊肿内引流术后癌变病例，指出防止囊肿变及其并发症的发生，对行天性胆总管囊肿病奶治性囊肿切除术和行肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术，以预防胆管的癌变，对确诊为癌变病人，主张行胰十二指肠切除术。     

肝胰十二指肠切除术治疗胆总管囊肿术后癌变一例

<正>先天性胆总管囊肿切除术后继发胆管癌的发生率较低,目前关于先天性胆总管囊肿恶变的报道较少。对于胆总管囊肿癌变,半肝联合胰十二指肠切除术是能够完整切除肿瘤并延长患者生存时间的治疗方案选项。本文介绍1例57岁IVa型先天性胆总管囊肿切除术后继发胆管癌变的患者,行扩大右半肝联合胰十二指肠切除、门静脉切除重建术的诊疗经验。     

先天性胆总管囊肿癌变

<正> 我院自1998年至1999年6月观察了3例胆总管囊肿癌变病例,其中2例为胆肠内引流术后癌变,一例为先天性胆总管囊肿癌变,并对其施行肝门部胆管癌根治术或胰十二指肠切除术,其中,1例术后已存活3年,报道如下。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般资料 本组3例中男1例,女2例,年龄28～55岁,平均42.6岁。两例行胆肠内引流术后癌变的患者,按Todani分     

从先天性胆总管囊肿手术历史演变探讨合并胰胆管合流异常的CCC现代外科治

目的 通过对３０例病例的诊治结果分析。探讨合并胰胆管合流异常（ＡＪＰＢＤＳ）的先天性胆总管囊肿的现代外科治疗方法。方法 本组３０例病人分别经ＥＲＣＰ,ＭＲＣＰ,术中胆道造影或解剖确诊。 行外引流术２例,内引流术９例,囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术２２例,手术治疗２８例共３３例次（其中５例行二次手术）。结果 外引流术控制急性感染效果确切,内引流术后并发症有胆道感染、胆道结石、吻合口狭窄、囊肿癌变等,需二次手术,囊肿切除、胰胆分流术效果良好。结论 先天性胆总管囊肿多数合并ＡＪＰＢＤＳ（８８．２％）,其现代外科治疗应以切除囊肿、胰胆分流及胆－肠重建为首选。     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨成人先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断及治疗。
方法：回顾性分析近10余年来共收治的78例成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者临床资料。
结果：78例患者中,接受手术治疗手术治疗74例,其中术式包括：（1）囊肿完整切除、肝总管空肠端侧吻合52例;（2）囊肿大部分切除、肝总管空肠端侧吻合9例;（3）胰十二指肠切除术2例（其中1例为胆总管下端囊肿癌变）;（4）11例癌变患者1例行胰十二指肠切除术,7例行胆管癌根治术,3例行姑息性外引流术;（5）1例患者因合并胆总管囊肿破裂出血并胆汁性腹膜炎而行单纯外引流术。74例手术患者中获随访54例,随访率为73.0%,随访2个月至7年,平均39个月,良性患者情况良好。癌变患者中,1例行胰十二指肠切除术患者失访,7例行胆管癌根治术患者5例得到随访,生存期2~5年,中位生存时间2.3年,3例行姑息性手术患者生存期2~16个月,中位生存时间7.8个月。
结论：成人先天性胆总管囊肿易发生癌变,早期诊断、早期治疗是先天性胆总管囊肿诊治的关键所在,其治疗以手术切除囊肿及胆-肠重建为基本原则。

     

先天性胆管囊状扩张症的手术治疗体会

目的探讨先天性胆管囊状扩张症的手术方法。方法回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2008年8月15例先天性胆总管囊状扩张症的临床资料。11例（9例Ⅰ型、2例Ⅳ型）行胆总管囊肿切除＋肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,1例Ⅰ型癌变行胰头十二指肠切除术,Ⅱ型1例行单纯囊肿切除＋T管引流术,Ⅲ型1例行Oddi括约肌成形术,Ⅴ型1例行肝门部胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果全组15例均恢复顺利,无一例发生胆瘘、胰瘘,1例Ⅳ型病人术后出现肝内胆管结石并反复发作胆管炎。结论手术是先天性胆管囊状扩张症惟一有效的治疗方法,胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是Ⅰ型先天性胆管囊状扩张症的一种较为合理的手术方式。     

先天性胆管囊肿术后再次手术分析

目的探讨先天性胆管囊肿再次手术的原因和外科处理要点。方法回顾分析6年间我院收治的先天性胆管囊肿术后再次手术病例(35例)的临床资料。结果再次手术的原因主要有:胆肠吻合口狭窄伴肝内胆管结石、残余胰腺段胆管囊肿伴结石、胆管囊肿癌变。再次手术的方式以胆管囊肿彻底切除、肝门部胆管整形、胆道探查取石、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术、及胰十二指肠切除术为主要术式。结论先天性胆管囊肿手术后再次手术的关键包括残余囊肿切除、消除胆胰管合流异常、解除吻合口梗阻、通畅胆汁引流、去除肝内肝外结石病灶等。     

ԭ���Ե������װ�������������

目的 总结原发性胆管囊肿癌变的诊断及治疗经验。方法 对1980－2000年间收治的7例原发性胆管囊肿癌变病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 7例原发性胆管囊肿癌变病人临床表现为非特异性,仅为胆管炎表现。癌变6例位于囊壁,1例侵及胰腺。手术方式包括囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术3例,囊肿部分切除、肝左外叶切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例,囊肿切除加胰十二指肠切除术1例,T管引流加活检2例,术后病理结果大部分为腺癌。结论 原发性胆管囊肿癌变临床表现不典型,术前诊断困难,预后极差,目前强调预防为主,对先天性胆管囊肿病人推荐行新的预防癌变的手术方式,术中冰冻切片检查有助于确诊,对侵及胰腺的病例考虑行囊肿切除及胰十二指肠切除术。     

108例先天性胆管囊肿的诊治经验

目的 总结先天性胆管囊肿的诊治经验。方法 对1980年－2000年间收治的108例先天性胆管囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 108例的临床表现为：儿童病例多出现典型的腹痛、黄疸及腹部肿块,成人症状多不典型,常导致误诊,57例（52．7％）合并胆胰系统其他疾病,18例合并癌变,癌变率为16．6％。108例患者中,94例行B型超声检查,46例行ERCP检查,20例行PTC检查,71例行腹部CT检查,均确诊。合并胰胆管合流异常39例。1985年前诊断及分型以B超和术中所见决定,手术以内引流术为主。1985年后,诊断以ERCP、CT为主,同时行B超检查,术式以囊肿切除,肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为主,1994年提出防止先天性胆管囊肿癌变的新术式。术后并发症以胆道系统逆行性感染为主,均抗生素治疗后痊愈,全组无手术死亡。结论 先天性胆管囊肿20年诊治的观念有很大的改变,ERCP和CT对明确本病的分型、指导手术有帮助。目前推荐对Ⅰ、Ⅳ型先天性胆管囊肿采用囊肿全切除,肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,对反复感染的复杂的中央型V型caroli病可考虑行肝移植术。     

Choledochal cysts in adults.

The clinical features and management of 14 adults with choledochal cysts who presented to our hospital are discussed. There were 10 Todani type I, and four type IV cysts. The cysts were fusiform in all but three cases. The pancreatobiliary junction was abnormal in only two patients. Ten patients had cystolithiasis. Six patients had undergone previous biliary surgery, three of whom presented with biliary strictures. We recommend that choledochal cyst be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients with dilated bile ducts, especially when symptoms persist after biliary surgery. In two patients who had undergone endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone clearance, and in whom the diagnosis was still in doubt after cholangiography, hepatic iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan confirmed the diagnosis of choledochal cyst by showing persistent biliary stagnation despite free flow of bile across the sphincter of Oddi. Complete resection of the cyst was achieved in all cases with one postoperative death. A modification of the standard surgical technique is described which makes mobilisation of the cyst easier. The need to demonstrate the pancreatobiliary ductal confluence as an aid to complete excision of the cyst is emphasised.     

�����͵������׵��������

目的 总结91例成人型胆管囊肿的诊治经验。方法 对1980-2000年间收治的91例成人型胆管囊肿病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 临床表现症状多不典型，常导致误诊，46例（50.5%)合并胆胰系统其它疾病，18例合并癌变，癌变率为19.7%，91例病人中87例行B型超声检查，48例行ERCP检查。20例行PTC检查，54例行腹部CT检查，6例行MRCP（核磁共振胰胆管显影），均确诊，合并胰胆管合流异常39例，既往诊断及分型以B超和术中所见决定，手术以内引流术为主，近年诊断以ERCP，CT、MRCP为主，同时行B超检查，术式以囊肿切除，肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为主，术后并发症以胆管炎多见，均保守治疗痊愈，全组无手术死亡。结论 成人型胆管囊肿易误诊，癌变率高，ERCP、CT及MRCP对明确本病的分型，指导手术有帮助，目前对既往行内引流术后的病人应加强随访，推荐对Ⅰ、Ⅳ型成人型胆管囊肿采用囊肿全切除，肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术，对反应感染的复杂的中央型Ⅴ型Caroli病可考虑行肝移植术。     

先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因分析及治疗

目的 探讨先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术的原因及治疗方法.方法 对41例先天性胆总管囊肿再次手术患者的临床资料进行总结分析.结果 按先天性胆总管囊肿Todani分型,41例中Ⅰ型32例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅳ型3例,Ⅴ型5例(其中1例呈弥漫性左右肝分布).既往有1次胆道手术史者30例,2次者8例,3次者3例.41例中合并有胆管结石40例,胆道感染33例,肝门部胆管狭窄7例,原胆肠吻合口狭窄6例,囊肿癌变5例.本次行切除肝外胆管囊肿、肝管空肠Boux-en-Y吻合术者32例,其中2例囊肿癌变者同时行肝十二指肠韧带骨骼化和区域淋巴结清扫术;行肝叶切除联合胆总管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术者8例;行胆肠吻合口狭窄切开成形、胆肠内引流重建术1例.41例术后均获随访,随访时间3个月至10年,平均53.7±32.1个月,随访期内发生胆道感染4例,无吻合口狭窄或结石复发等并发症发生.结论 胆总管囊肿术式选择不当及诊断失误导致的多种并发症是导致再手术的主要原因,肝内外胆管囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术可取得较为满意的疗效.     

Malignant tumors in choledochal cysts.

Between 1960 and 1975, 17 patients with congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct (choledochal cyst) were treated and three were associated with malignant tumors in the cysts and one was with carcinoma of the gallbladder. Preoperative diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in the choledochal cyst was established in one patient by cytologic examination of the bile which was obtained during the procedure of endoscopic pancreaticocholangraphy (EPCG) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Definitive treatment of the choledochal cysts associated with malignant tumors in the biliary tract was accomplished by excision of the cysts with tumor and choledochojejunostomy in two patients, by cystoduodenostomy following external drainage in one and by cholecystectomy with resection of invaded transverse colon in one with cancer of the gallbladder. Successful excision of choledochal cysts in 11 patients including three cases associated with malignant tumors in the biliary tract during the last 15 year period is the basis of this report.     

Adult Type I Choledochal Cyst Resection

Type I choledochal cysts are characterized by fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct, commonly associated with an anomalous pancreatobiliary duct junction. Most are diagnosed in childhood, but the diagnosis may be delayed until adulthood. All type I choledochal cysts should be resected because of the risk of malignant degeneration. The steps for resecting a type I choledochal cyst are described. Through a right subcostal incision, the cyst is exposed and transected distally as it narrows within the pancreatic parenchyma. A total transmural excision of the extrahepatic biliary tree is performed. A retrocolic Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy restores biliary-enteric continuity. Thirty-day mortality is low and long-term outcomes are excellent.     

Congenital choledochal cysts. Observations on 2 operated cases

The authors present two cases of congenital choledochal cysts treated by cyst excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, followed by good postoperative results. One of the patients has been treated by early excisional procedure, while the other has initially undergone an enteric drainage by cystoduodenostomy, followed by complications, which required reoperations after 18 months. We have evaluated the peculiarities of both cases, the present data revealed by literature regarding biliary carcinogenesis related to congenital choledochal cysts, their classification according to pancreatobiliary malunion, as well as the treatment of choice in choledochal cysts, meaning excisional procedure with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy to prevent the risk of postoperatory complications which might appear after plain enteric drainage of the cyst.     

Congenital choledochal cyst: Occurrence of primary intrahepatic stones and prevention of carcinogenesis

Intrahepatic biliary stones and carcinogenesis are two major complications seen after corrective surgery for congenital choledochal cyst. The incidence of these two complications was reviewed in patients seen at out-patient clinics at a mean follow-up time of 13 years and 6 months. Intrahepatic biliary stones developed in 5 of 56 patients who had undergone a standard excisional operation; in 4 of the 5 patients, the stones were found in the preexisting intrahepatic biliary dilatation (with or without a downstream stenosis), 7–15 years postoperatively. Biliary stricture with dilatation is a putative cause of intrahepatic bile duct stones, and this hypothesis was supported here, since stones developed in all 3 of the patients who had the peculiar configuration of intrahepatic biliary dilatation and stenosis. Biliary carcinoma was not observed in any of the 56 patients who had undergone standard excision of a choledochal cyst followed by hepatico-jejunostomy, but developed in 1 of 12 patients in whom complete excisional resection of the dilated extrahepatic bile duct had not been performed. The occurrence of carcinoma in choledochal cysts is reviewed.     

成人先天性胆管囊肿的诊断与治疗

作者总结了近３０年来成人先天性胆管囊肿９７例的治疗经验。患者平均就诊年龄为３７岁。多数患者症状不典型,常致诊断延误。７４例（７６％）合并肝胆胰系统疾病,１６例合并癌变,癌变率１７％。发现胰胆管合流异常２８例。９４例患者共行胆道手术１６９例次,囊肿切除、肝管空肠Ｒｏｕｘ－Ｙ吻合术及囊肿内引流术为主要术式。术后长期随访表明内引流术后常因胆管炎复发和囊肿瘤变而需再次手术,相反囊肿切除术明显降低了胆管炎的