379例绝经前后妇女骨密度调查与身高的关系

目的了解妇女身高体重与体内骨含量的关系。方法采用米尺和磅秤测量身高和体重及双能X线骨密度仪测骨密度值和超声骨密度仪测左侧跟骨的SOS、STI、LBM。结果不同年龄组身高、体重及体块指数与超声速度、骨硬度指数、低骨量及骨密度值存在着统计学差异,随着年龄的增长SOS及STI呈现出下降趋势,其峰值在40岁之前;而低骨量LBM、骨质疏松发生率也明显增高。身高与SOS、STI、LBM呈正相关,与骨密度值无关;体重与STI、LBM、骨密度值呈正相关,与SOS值无关,BMI与SOS、STI呈负相关,与LBM、骨密度呈正相关。结论女性47岁后骨密度数据从"正常范围"转入低骨量,70岁后骨质疏松者明显增多,具有高度骨折风险。     

山西地区正常人骨定量超声测定及评价

目的 测定山西地区健康成人跟骨定量超声参数，并经体重指数标准化后，分不同年龄段进行比较。方法 采用UBIS5000型定量超声仪，对山西地区811名20-80岁正常成人(女468人，男343人)行跟骨定量超声参数测量。结果 跟骨超声振幅衰减(BUA)和刚度(STI)的峰值女性在45—49岁，BUA峰值男性在50—54岁。经体重指数校正后，不论男性或女性BUA、STI及超声波传导速度(SOS)峰值均在20—24岁。结论 跟骨BUA、SOS和STI随年龄增长而变化，消除体重指数影响后差异仍明显存在，且随着增龄逐年降低，其中男性变化趋势不如女性明显。     

胶东半岛成年人群骨密度与年龄、身高、体重、体重指数和体表面积关系的研究

目的研究胶东半岛成年人群骨密度(BMD)与年龄、身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)和体表面积(BS)之间的关系。方法采用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)对胶东半岛沿海地区多中心多阶段整群抽样调查3879名21～89岁居民进行骨密度测量,记录年龄,测量身高、体重,计算出BMI和BS,并进行统计学分析。不同年龄组分别按BMI大小分成3组:BMI≤20 kg/m2,(20～25)kg/m2,≥25kg/m2;BS大小分成3组:大体表面积组(LBSG),中体表面积组(IBSG),小体表面积组(SBSG)。结果男性和女性骨密度随年龄、身高、体重、BMI和BS的变化模式不同。腰椎和股骨BMD随体重、BMI和Bs增加而增高。不同年龄组骨密度均为:BMI≤20 kg/m2组IBSG>SBSG,差异有统计学意义。高龄、低体重和低体重指数者骨密度均较其他组低,差异有显著性。结论年龄、身高、体重、BMI和BS是影响骨密度的重要因素。     

体重指数、体表面积对中老年女性股骨骨密度的影响

目的了解体重指数(BMI)、体表面积(BS)对中老年女性股骨近端骨密度的影响。方法①采用美国LUNAR公司的EXPERT-XL双能X线骨密度仪测定成都地区女性健康体检者421例,按年龄分成两组40~59岁、60~80岁组;测量部位包括股骨颈(Neck)、大转子(Troch)、Wards区、股骨干(shaft)、全髋(total)。②不同年龄组分别按BMI大小分成3组BMI≤20kg/m2,(20~25)kg/m2,≥25kg/m2;BS大小分成3组大体表面积组(LBSG),中体表面积组(IBSG),小体表面积组(SBSG)。③结果用SPSS12.0统计软件处理,体重指数、体表面积与股骨近端各部位骨密度用spearson相关分析,不同年龄组、不同BMI、BS组间比较用方差分析。结果①体重指数、体表面积与股骨骨密度呈正相关,r=0.122~0.424(P<0.005);②不同年龄组股骨近端骨密度均为BMI≤20kg/m2组IBSG>SBSG,差异有统计学意义。结论体重指数(BMI)、体表面积(BS)均是影响股骨近端骨密度的重要因素,低BMI、BS中老年女性应注意骨质疏松诊断、防治。     

毛南族健康女性身高、体重、足长、体重指数与跟骨BUA的关系

目的 探讨毛南族女性身高、体重、足长、体重指数与跟骨超声振幅衰减(BUA)的关系.方法 选择毛南族健康女性532例,应用定量超声骨密度仪测定其左侧跟骨BUA,同时记录年龄,测量身高、体重、足长,计算体重指数(BMI),并分别按BMI及年龄分组,进行不同BMI组和不同年龄段与BUA关系的相关性检验.结果 低BMI组的跟骨BUA明显低于其他BMI组,55岁年龄组和65岁年龄组的BUA明显低于同一BMI组的其余各年龄组.结论 年龄、体重和体重指数是影响跟骨BUA的重要因素.维持适当的体重量,对55岁以上老年女性预防骨质疏松症的发生有积极意义.     

跟骨定量超声法评价正常女性骨丢失和骨质疏松患病率

目的　评价正常女性跟骨超声随增龄骨量丢失及骨质疏松患病率。方法　用定量超声法测定了 2 72例正常女性右跟骨宽带超声衰减 (BUA) ,超声声速 (SOS)及骨硬度指数 (STI)。结果女性跟骨峰值骨量出现在 30～ 39岁。 5 0～ 84岁 3组与峰值组以及两两之间比较 ,差异均有显著性(P <0 0 1)。老年组骨质丢失率和骨质疏松患病率分别为 2 6 %～ 37%和 4 2 %～ 6 9%。在各个年龄组中 ,STI丢失率最高 ;STI和BUA骨质疏松检出率相近 ,均大于SOS。结论　跟骨超声的 3项指标均可用于区分绝经前、后的妇女 ;STI检测骨量丢失和OP患病率最敏感     

哈尔滨市区居民身体成分与跟骨超声参数的相关性研究

目的分析哈尔滨市区居民身体成分与跟骨超声参数的关系,为该地区居民骨质疏松的预防、诊断和治疗提供科学依据。方法应用韩国杰文ZEUS9.9身体成分测量仪和法国Osteospace MEDILINK超声骨量测量仪测定1416例年龄为20.0～70.0岁的哈尔滨市区居民的身体成分与跟骨超声参数(STI)。结果①相关性分析显示:体重、身体质量指数、脂肪量、体脂率、瘦体重与STI呈显著正相关,年龄与STI呈显著负相关。多元线性回归分析显示:男性STI的主要影响因素依次为:年龄、瘦体重、身体质量指数、体重;女性STI的主要影响因素依次为:年龄、脂肪量、体重、体脂率。男、女性身高与STI没有显著相关(P0.05)。②哈尔滨市区居民骨质疏松人数百分比随年龄递增表现逐年下降上升的变化趋势,50～年龄段以前,男性骨量丢失和OP检出率高于女性,50～年龄段以后,女性高于男性。结论①跟骨超声骨量与体成分变量间的相关性存在性别差异。除年龄外,男性STI与各项指标的相关性大于女性。年龄、脂肪量、体脂率可能是影响女性跟骨超声骨量变异的决定性因素;年龄、瘦体重可能是影响男性跟骨超声骨量变异的决定性因素。②哈尔滨市区居民低骨量和OP检出率比例较高,存在性别差异。     

体重质量指数与557例绝经后妇女骨密度变化的关系研究

目的 了解不同的年龄绝经后妇女不同体重质量指数(BMI)与不同部位骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法 来自门诊健康体检的557名绝经后妇女(肝肾等疾病除外),年龄范围50~78岁。用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)测定腰椎(L2-4)、股骨颈、Ward's三角及Troch等部位的BMD,同时计算BMI。根据BMI将研究对象分为3组:低体重组(BMI≤20 kg／m2)、正常体重组(25≥BMI>20 kg/m2)及超重组(BMI>25 kg/m2)。根据年龄又分为3组(50-,60-,70~78岁),用方差分析的方法进行各组间均数的统计学分析。结果不同BMI组总体不同部位的BMD方差分析比较有极显著意义P<0.01,高BMI组的BMD均值明显增高;进一步对同一年龄组不同BMI组的不同部位的BMD均值比较,各组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.01),特别是低体重组的骨密度明显低于其他两组BMI组的BMD。结论BMI与绝经后妇女的骨密度有显著相关,但低体重的绝经后妇女作为骨折的危险人群应受到更多的关注:对于超重的绝经后妇女,通过增加体重的方式增加BMD是危险的,因为超重与高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、心肌梗死及中风有一定的关系;通过其他途径:如年轻时加强运动、多饮牛奶、不盲目减肥等,提高妇女峰值骨含量是非常重要的。     

身高、体重及体重指数对辽宁地区正常中老年人骨矿含量的影响

目的　调查分析身高、体重及体重指数 (BMI)对辽宁地区正常中老年人群骨矿含量的影响。方法　在辽宁地区年龄在 40～ 79岁的中老年人群中随机抽样 173 1例 ,除外可能导致继发性骨质疏松症的各种疾病 ,应用美国lunar公司生产的双能X线骨密度仪 ,分别测试受试者的腰椎及股骨上段的骨密度 (BMD) ,全部资料输入微机 ,用SPSS软件进行统计学处理。结果　身高与腰椎及股骨上段的BMD相关性较差 (r=0 0 87～ 0 197,P <0 0 5 ) ,体重与腰椎及股骨上段的BMD相关性较好(r=0 2 2 6～ 0 3 5 2P <0 0 1)。体重指数与腰椎的相关性最好 ,其次是大转子。腰椎及股骨颈的BMD在超体重组 (BMI>2 5kg/m2 )明显大于低体重组 (BMI≤ 19kg/m2 ) ,其差异有显著性 ,该特点在腰椎最为明显。结论　体重是影响中老年人骨矿含量的重要因素。对低体重的中老年人 (BMI≤ 19kg/m2 )可作为骨质疏松症的易发人群 ,及时监测BMD ,早期预防及治疗     

体重、体重指数、腰围、腰臀比对绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨密度的影响

目的 探讨体重、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围、腰臀比等指标对绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨密度的影响.方法 采用双能X线骨密度仪测量162例绝经后2型糖尿病患者不同部位的骨密度,按年龄分两组(A组:＜60岁;B组:≥60岁),同一年龄段按体重指数各分为两组(L-BMI组:BMI＜25 kg/m~2;H-BMI组:BMI≥25 kg/m~2)进行分析.结果 H-BMI组多部位骨密度明显高于L-BMI组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).年龄与骨密度呈负相关,体重与骨密度呈正相关.结论 体重及体重指数均与骨密度相关,其中体重是影响绝经后妇女骨密度的重要因素.     

体重及体质量指数与骨质疏松性骨折发生的关系研究

目的探讨骨质疏松性骨折的发生与身高、体重及体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的关系。方法回顾性分析我院自2012年以来符合骨质疏松诊断的患者1936例,诊断为骨质疏松性骨折患者472例,分析骨质疏松性骨折组与非骨折组之间身高、体重及BMI的差异,并根据不同部位骨折分组以及不同年龄层分析身高、体重、BMI与骨质疏松性骨折发生的关系。结果骨质疏松性骨折组体重、BMI均低于非骨折组(P0.01),而两组间身高比较差异无统计学意义。不同部位骨折分组中脊柱压缩性骨折组的BMI最高,而髋部骨折组的BMI最低(P0.05)。依不同BMI分组发现低体重组中髋部骨折占56.5%,而在超体重组中脊柱压缩性骨折占43.01%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。骨密度T值随BMI的增加而增加,两者呈显著正相关关系(P0.01)。结论体重、BMI对于骨质疏松性骨折的发生存在相关关系,BMI虽与骨密度T值呈正相关关系,但由于不同部位骨折的受力机制不同,其体重、BMI的增加与减少所造成的影响也不同,如低BMI易造成髋部骨折,高BMI易造成脊柱压缩性骨折。     

体重体成分与骨密度的关系

为了研究体成分与骨密度（ＢＭＤ）之间的关系，因体重与ＢＭＤ显著相关，体成分各个组成相加等于体重，而体成分与ＢＭＤ的关系仍不清楚。方法随机选取２０６名１６～５２岁健康的男女性汉族人，用双能Ｘ射线吸收法（ＤＸＡ）测量ＢＭＤ与体成分，进行ＢＭＤ与体重，体成分的多元线性回归分析。结果体重，瘦组织（ＬＴＭ）与男女性的ＢＭＤ显著正相关，脂肪组织（ＦＴＭ）仅对女性全身，腰椎ＢＭＤ起显著性作用。结论影响男女性ＢＭＤ的体成分中，ＬＴＭ是主要因素，ＦＴＭ仅对女性ＢＭＤ有影响。本文较全面地研究了体成分与ＢＭＤ的关系。     

体重、体质指数、腰围和腰臀比对正常成人骨密度的影响

目的探讨体重、体质指数(BMI)和腰围、腰臀比(WHR)对正常成人骨密度的影响。方法采用MarcomMx8000多层螺旋CT测定560例正常成人腰椎松质骨密度,将受试者按年龄不同分为青年组、中年组和老年组,然后在同年龄组根据BMI及腰围的不同将受试者分为肥胖组和正常体重组,分析骨密度与体重、BMI、腰围及WHR的关系。结果①以BMI分组,老年肥胖组BMD高于体重正常组(P<0.05);②以腰围分组,中年女性肥胖组BMD低于非肥胖组(P<0.05);③青年组和中年组BMD与腰围及WHR呈负相关,老年组BMD与体重和BMI呈正相关与腰围和WHR不相关。结论预防骨质疏松症在中青年应提倡运动锻炼,避免肥胖,在老年人不应该过分强调降低体重减少肥胖以避免骨量的丢失。     

维库溴铵按体表面积与按体重给药用于全麻患者药效学的比较

目的 比较维库溴铵按体表面积与按体重给药用于全麻患者的药效学.方法 择期全麻手术患者40例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,体重40～ 85 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=20):按2倍体重ED95给药组(W组)和按2倍体表面积ED95给药组(S组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射异丙酚2 mg/kg和芬太尼3μg/kg,W组和S组分别静脉注射维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg和2.824mg/m2.T1达最大抑制时行气管插管,机械通气,维持呼气末二氧化碳分压35～45 mm Hg.术中维持BIS值40～50.采用Cooper评分法评估气管插管条件.记录肌松起效时间、T1最大抑制程度、临床作用时间、恢复指数、药理作用时间和维库溴铵用量,计算各指标的变异系数.结果 两组气管插管条件、起效时间、临床作用时间、恢复指数和药理作用时间的变异系数比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与W组比较,S组T1最大抑制程度和维库溴铵用量的变异系数减小(P＜0.05).结论 按2倍体表面积ED95给予维库溴铵可减少全麻患者药效学的个体差异.     

Genetic determination and correlation of body weight and body mass index (BMI) and cross-sectional geometric parameters of the femoral neck

Introduction This study aimed to examine the genetic determination of body weight, body mass index (BMI) and cross-sectional geometric parameters of the femoral neck including cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), sectional modulus (Z), and buckling ratio (BR), and to test the genetic correlation between body weight/BMI and the femoral neck geometric parameters.Methods A total of 929 healthy subjects from 292 Chinese nuclear families was included. Femoral neck geometric parameters were estimated from bone mineral density (BMD) and bone area which were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).Results The heritability (h ²) estimate values were 0.643, 0.626, 0.626, 0.674, 0.405, and 0.615 for body weight, BMI, CSA, CT, Z, and BR, respectively. Body weight was significantly correlated with bone geometric parameters (p≤0.001) with genetic correlation (ρ _G ) values of 0.551, 0.457, 0.571, and −0.385, and bivariate heritability values of 0.304, 0.209, 0.326, and 0.148 for CSA, CT, Z, and BR, respectively. Similar correlations (p≤0.001) were observed between BMI and bone geometric parameters, with ρ _G values of 0.446, 0.432, 0.334, and −0.362, and values of 0.199, 0.187, 0.112, and 0.131 for CSA, CT, Z, and BR, respectively.Conclusion In summary, our study suggested that body weight, BMI, and femoral neck geometry were under strong genetic determination. The strong genetic correlations suggested that the genetic factors of bone geometry may be overlapped with those of body weight and BMI.     

Influence of body weight on rates of change in bone density of the spine,hip, and radius in postmenopausal women

Summary Interrelationships between percent of ideal body weight (%IBW), serum estrogen levels, and change in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were studied in 288 postmenopausal women aged 41–71 years who participated in a 2-year calcium supplement trial. The spine (L2–L4) and femoral neck were measured by dualphoton absorptiometry, and the radius was measured by single-photon absorptiometry. Years since menopause, calcium intake, and initial BMD or BMC were included as independent variables in two-phase regressions of BMD and BMC on %IBW. Increased %IBW protected against loss of spine BMD [regression slope estimate=0.05, 95% C.I.: (0.03, 0.26)] and BMC in women up through about 106 %IBW but not in heavier women. Increased %IBW was not significantly related to BMD or BMC at the femoral neck or radius. Women above 106%IBW had significant gains in spine and femoral neck area (P< 0.05). Serum estrone and estradiol were positively correlated with BMD and BMC at the femoral neck only.     

Weight,body composition,and bone density in postmenopausal women

Associations of body weight and body composition with bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in 261 postmenopausal women. BMD, body fat, and body nonfat soft tissue (NFST) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). A height-independent BMD variable (HIBMD) was calculated to correct for differences among individuals in bone thickness, a dimension that is ignored by DXA scanners. HIBMD was calculated as BMD divided by height at the spine and femoral neck, and BMD divided by the square root of height at the total body. Weight, fat, and nonfat soft tissue were all positively correlated with both BMD and HIBMD, but the magnitudes of regression and correlation coefficients were lower when HIBMD was the dependent variable. The weight-independent associations of body composition with HIBMD were examined by including weight and % NFST together in linear models. In these analyses, weight was positively associated with HIBMD at all three skeletal sites (r=0.22–0.26, P<0.05), % NFST was not associated with HIBMD at the spine or femoral neck (r=0.01–0.02), and there was only a weak inverse correlation of % NFST with total body BMD (r=-0.12, P<0.05). These findings are consistent with those of previous studies demonstrating positive associations between body weight and BMD. In addition, they demonstrate that once bone thickness and body weight are taken into account, body composition appears to have little if any independent effect on bone density at the skeletal sites measured. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the protective effect of body weight is brought about predominantly through its mechanical force on the skeleton.     

中老年人群骨密度与人体测量指标及体成分相关性的研究

目的 了解北京市中老年人群骨密度和体成分检测情况,并探讨骨密度与人体测量指标及体成分之间的关系。方法 采用SPT(磷化存储高精度数字成像技术）骨密度分析仪（MetriScan）测定255例40岁以上中老年人的骨密度,利用体成分分析仪测定体脂肪、肌肉量等,并进行人体测量获得身高、体重、握力等数据。结果 (1)每10岁作为一个年龄段,共4个年龄段（70岁以上为1个年龄段）,随着年龄增加骨密度逐渐下降,尤其是女性60～69岁年龄段骨密度值与前一个年龄段测定值相比,差异有统计学意义,60岁以上同年龄段受试者的骨密度在不同性别之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性骨骼健康状况与男性相比明显较差;(2)骨密度与身高、体重、左右手握力、肌肉量、去脂体重、蛋白质和无机盐均呈正相关,而与体脂肪率呈显著负相关（P<0.01）。结论 身高、体重、左右手握力、体脂肪率、肌肉量、去脂体重、蛋白质和无机盐水平均与骨密度密切相关,也可以作为评价骨骼健康状况的间接参考指标,去脂体重和肌肉量是骨密度主要的决定因素。     

Effect of weight manipulation on bone loss due to ovariectomy and the protective effects of estrogen in the rat

Summary While characterizing the effects of estrogen on an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of bone loss, we examined several weight-matching regimens e.g.,ad libitum (feed bins continually full), weight matched (rate of weight gain for OVX and Sham-OVX groups was equalized), and weight restricted (weight gain rates for all groups were equalized to that of estrogen-treated OVX rats) for possible effects. Bone loss following ovariectomy is primarily the result of an increase in bone resorption and is extremely sensitive to the effects of estrogens. Thus, in all of our analyses, treatment with 170-estradiol served as a positive control for the prevention of bone loss. Each weight-matching study had three groups: control (Sham-OVX), OVX, and OVX + 170 estradiol (0.1 mg/kg/day), and lasted for either 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Throughout the study, each Sprague Dawley rat was weighed every other day, and following sacrifice, a femur was removed for bone mineral density (BMD) analysis at the distal metaphysis by single photon absorptiometry. Following 2 weeks of dietary modifications, no significant differences were detected in BMD among thead lib or weight matched groups. However, an estradiol-preventable reduction in BMD in restricted OVX rats was detected at 2 weeks postovariectomy. Additionally, OVX rats in all three dietary regimens displayed an estrogen-preventable reduction in proximal femur BMD at 4 and 6 weeks postovariectomy. These results indicate that a 4-week rat ovariectomized model of bone loss, under conditions of ad libitum feeding, shows great potential for pharmacologic manipulation.     

Effect of body weight on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats

Summary Bilateral ovariectomies or sham surgeries were performed in female Sprague Dawley rats that were 78 days of age and weighed an average of 210 g. Food was available ad libitum to the control rats and to a group of ovariectomized rats (obese OVX). The food consumption of a second group of ovariectomized rats (weight-matched OVX) was restricted to match their body weights to those of the control rats. All rats were sacrificed at 14 weeks postovariectomy. Radioimmunoassay of terminal serum estradiol confirmed the success of ovariectomy. The estradiol concentration in control rats was 24.9±20.2 pg/ml, whereas the hormone was undetectable (<10 pg/ml) in both groups of OVX rats. The final body weights of control and weight-matched OVX rats were nearly identical (∼260 g). In contrast, obese OVX rats weighed significantly more than both of the above groups (∼320 g,P<0.001). The proximal tibia and lumbar vertebra were processed undecalcified for quantitative bone histomorphometry. Tibial trabecular bone volume (TBV) was determined to be 17.6±4.5%, 7.9±5.3%, and 3.6±3.1% for the control, obese OVX, and weight-matched OVX groups, respectively. Tibial TBV for both OVX groups was significantly less than the control value (P<0.001). The difference in tibial TBV between obese OVX and weight-matched OVX rats was also statistically significant (P<0.02). Histologic indices of bone resorption and formation were indicative of increased bone turnover in the proximal tibia of both OVX groups. In comparison to control rats, both groups of OVX rats exhibited a strong trend for a reduction in vertebral TBV, but no significant differences were observed among the three groups. Our results suggest that increased body weight provides partial protection against osteopenia in the long bones of OVX rats. However, it is important to note that this protective effect is only partial and that marked osteopenia develops in the long bones of OVX rats regardless of body weight.