7~9岁乳磨牙缺损患儿治疗前后咀嚼效能的变化

目的研究7~9岁乳磨牙缺损患儿治疗后咀嚼效能的变化。方法采用吸光度法测定7~9岁正常混合牙列儿童与乳磨牙缺损患儿治疗前、后咀嚼效能。使用SPSS11.0统计软件分析其治疗前、后咀嚼效能差别及与正常牙合儿童咀嚼效能的差别。结果①乳磨牙缺损组治疗后咀嚼效能与治疗前差异有显著性(P<0.001),前者大于后者;乳磨牙缺损组治疗后咀嚼效能与正常牙合儿童的咀嚼效能差异无显著性(P>0.05);②单侧或双侧乳磨牙缺损患儿治疗后咀嚼效能与治疗前均有显著性差异(P<0.05),前者大于后者;③1个或数个乳磨牙缺损患儿治疗后咀嚼效能与治疗前均有显著性差异(P<0.05),前者大于后者。结论对乳磨牙缺损的患儿不论是单侧还是双侧缺损,1个还是数个缺损,进行治疗后均可明显提高其咀嚼效能,甚至恢复至正常水平。     

7～9岁儿童乳磨牙缺损、缺失对咀嚼效能的影响

目的　研究乳磨牙缺损、缺失对7～9岁儿童咀嚼效能的影响。方法　采用吸光度法测定正常混合牙列、乳磨牙缺损、缺失混合牙列7～9岁儿童各2 6例0 .5min的咀嚼效能。结果　①乳磨牙缺损儿童与正常组儿童咀嚼效能间的差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 ) ,前者约为后者的78.17% ;②乳磨牙缺失儿童与正常组儿童咀嚼效能间的差异有显著性(P <0 .0 0 1) ,前者约为后者的6 3.0 1% ;③乳磨牙缺失儿童与乳磨牙缺损儿童咀嚼效能间的差异无显著性(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　乳磨牙缺损及缺失都将影响儿童咀嚼效能,应尽早给予充填修复,乳磨牙残根残冠已无法充填修复时,应及时拔除。     

成人骨性安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)患者正畸治疗前后咀嚼效能的变化

目的：研究骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]患者正畸治疗前后的咀嚼效能的变化，并探讨其影响因素。方法：选择骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]、已正畸治疗及未治疗的患者各30例，年龄18～25岁。以硬化明胶作咀嚼测试物。利用吸光度法测定咀嚼效能。另选30例正常[牙合]作为对照。结合临床所见，对测定结果进行多元回归分析。结果：（1）3组间咀嚼效能差别有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。两两比较发现，正常组与错[牙合]已治疗组、未治疗组差别有显著性（P〈0．05），成人骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]已治疗组、未治疗组比较，咀嚼效能差别有显著性（P〈0．05）。（2）多元回归分析提示，磨牙反[牙合]、下颌前突等因素与咀嚼效能有显著相关性。结论：正畸治疗能够在改善成人骨性安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]患者颜面美观的同时，提高其咀嚼效能。     

重量法测量121 例正常[牙合]错[牙合]咀嚼效能的研究

目的：比较正常[牙合]不同年龄、性别的咀嚼效能;正常[牙合]与错[牙合]不同年龄、性别咀嚼效能的差异.方法：重量法分别测算出121 例11～16 岁及21～25 岁正常[牙合]与错[牙合]咀嚼值.121 例中48 例正常[牙合],73例包括上颌前突、前牙反[牙合]、拥挤在内的错[牙合].用SPSS 10.0统计软件的独立样本t检验（2 样本资料的均数比较,即成组t检验）对有关组分别进行比较.结果：21～25 岁男女正常[牙合]平均咀嚼值之间,男性咀嚼值远远高于女性的咀嚼值,P=0.000,有高度显著性差异;不同年龄咀嚼值的差异在男性表现明显：21～25 岁男性正常[牙合]的平均咀嚼值明显高于11～16 岁男性正常[牙合]的平均咀嚼值,P〈0.01,差异有高度显著性;11～16 岁男性中前牙反[牙合]的平均咀嚼值低于正常[牙合]的平均咀嚼值,P〈0.05,差异有显著性;21～25 岁女性中上颌前突的平均咀嚼值比正常[牙合]的平均咀嚼高,P〈0.05, 有显著性差异;21～25 岁女性中前牙拥挤的平均咀嚼值比正常[牙合]的平均咀嚼值高,P〈0.05, 有显著性差异.结论：青年男性咀嚼效能远远高于女性的咀嚼效能; 青年男性正常[牙合]咀嚼效能明显高于青少年男性正常[牙合]的咀嚼效能; 青少年男性前牙反[牙合]的咀嚼效能低于青少年男性正常[牙合]的咀嚼效能;青年女性中上颌前突和拥挤的咀嚼效能高于正常[牙合]的咀嚼效能.     

双侧游离端义齿反牙合修复的临床报告

为２２例肯氏Ⅰ类牙列缺损且上下颌弓大小异常者采用正常牙合和反牙合排牙制作两副义齿,并选择１５例正常颌关系者作为正常对照组,比较各组义齿修复前后的咀嚼效率．结果表明颌弓大小异常患者采用反牙合排牙的戴用义齿舒适,其咀嚼效率高于采取正常排牙者（ｐ＜０．０５）,与正常对照组无显著性差异（ｐ＞０．０５）．提示对于异常颌弓大小患者采取反牙合修复有利于咀嚼功能的发挥     

可摘局部义齿关系影响咀嚼效能的初步研究

目的探讨义齿牙合因素对咀嚼效能的影响。方法随机选择３６例牙列缺损行可摘局部义齿修复的患者,于义齿初戴时观察义齿调牙合前后咀嚼效能的变化,咀嚼效能的测试采用吸光度法。结果义齿调牙合前后患者的咀嚼效能存在高度显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论良好咬合关系是决定义齿修复效果的重要因素之一,义齿修复后系统的调牙合是必要的。     

骨性Ⅱ类前牙开牙合不同垂直骨面型磨牙高度与切牙代偿的研究

目的：比较骨性Ⅱ类前牙开牙合患者不同垂直骨面型磨牙高度及切牙代偿的差异。方法：选择40例骨性Ⅱ类前牙开牙合及20例成年正常牙合为研究对象,根据SN／MP角和FH／MP角将开牙合患者分为高角开牙合组（23例）和均角开牙合组（17例）,比较高角、均角开牙合与正常牙合对照组之间磨牙高度及切牙代偿情况。结果：①、前牙开牙合组磨牙高度均大于正常牙合组（P＜0．01）。②、高角开牙合组下颌磨牙高度大于均角组（P＜0．05）。③、高角组上切牙唇向倾斜度小于均角开牙合组（P＜0．05）。④、均角开牙合组下切牙唇倾度大于高角组（P＜0．01）。结论：不同垂直骨面型骨性Ⅱ类前牙开牙合患者磨牙高度代偿过度及上下切牙唇舌向代偿有差异,矫治中应结合不同垂直骨面型磨牙高度和切牙代偿情况,明确去代偿或代偿潜力。     

游离腓骨复合组织瓣重建单侧上颌骨后可摘局部义齿修复的咀嚼功能研究

目的研究游离腓骨复合组织瓣重建一侧上颌骨缺损后常规局部叉齿修复的[牙合]力与咀嚼效率的恢复。方法选择北京大学口腔医学院游离腓骨复合组织瓣单侧上颌骨缺损修复的28例患者，测定戴用义齿前后健侧、患侧的[牙合]力及咀嚼效率的改变并进行比较分析。结果义齿修复侧上颌第一磨牙平均[牙合]力值为10．73kg，健侧上第颌一磨牙[牙合]力位平均为35．83kg，二者之闻差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。患者戴用义齿前咀嚼效率平均值为75．14％，戴用义齿咀嚼效率平均为81．53％，二者之间差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论腓骨复合组织瓣重建上颌骨缺损后有利于术后常规义齿的修复，显著提高了患者咀嚼效率，改善生活质量。     

无解剖结构破坏食物嵌塞的病因

对无解剖结构破坏而发生食物嵌塞的病例，用光牙合分析法计算出嵌塞部位远中牙远中向斜面与近中向斜面上受力之比Ｒ１，以３７例正常牙合的上颌第二磨牙的Ｒ０值作对照，发现Ｒ１明显小于Ｒ０（Ｐ＜０．００１）。经治疗使Ｒ２大于Ｒ１（Ｐ＜０．００１）而与Ｒ０无明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）后，１５例１８处食物嵌塞，１０处治愈，５处有显著疗效，３处疗效不显著。嵌塞部位远中牙上远中向斜面与近中向斜面上受力之比偏小而可能造成的牙齿近中移位不够是造成这类食物嵌塞的原因。     

安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合颅颌面结构三维形态分析

目的    从三维影像分析安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合畸形的颅颌面结构,阐明安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合畸形的发生机制,为制定临床矫治方案提供依据。方法    选取2011年7月至2013年10月佛山市第一人民医院正畸科收治的安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合畸形患者17例为研究组。同期选取在校大学生个别正常牙合志愿者16名为对照组。应用三维测量软件Mimics10.01对两组研究对象进行下颌骨、牙牙合相关项目测量。结果    （1）安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合下颌骨除髁突高度外,其余测量项目左右侧差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;（2）安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合中性关系侧与正常牙合相比在升支长度、体部长度、髁突高度、髁突顶点高度等方面差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;（3）安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合远中关系侧与正常牙合相比在升支长度、体部长度、下颌角点宽度、乙状切迹点宽度、髁突内外径、髁突顶点高度、髁突顶点宽度等方面差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。（4）研究组两侧上、下颌第一磨牙的位置差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,表现为远中关系侧的上颌第一磨牙近中错位和下颌第一磨牙远中错位,且该侧磨牙位置与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论    安氏Ⅱ类亚类错牙合畸形除乙状切迹点位置外,下颌骨左右侧对称,其升支长度和体部长度较正常牙合偏短。远中关系侧的升支有向内旋转的趋势,牙牙合表现为该侧的上颌第一磨牙近中错位和下颌第一磨牙远中错位。     

Masticatory efficiency before and after surgery in oral cancer patients: comparative study of glossectomy, marginal mandibulectomy and segmental mandibulectomy

This study evaluated the effect of oral cancer surgery on masticatory efficiency. Masticatory efficiency was measured using the ATP absorption method. Eating ability was measured using a questionnaire. Two groups were employed as controls: The "normal occlusion group" consisted of subjects who had a complete set of natural maxillary teeth opposed to mandibular teeth, and the "unilateral occlusion group" consisted of subjects who had lost their molar and premolar teeth on one side of the mandible as a result of caries or periodontal diseases. Three treatment groups, each of 6 patients, were studied: a glossectomy group, a marginal mandibulectomy group and a segmental mandibulectomy group. There were no differences in masticatory efficiency between two control groups. Masticatory efficiencies of the three oral cancer treatment groups were lower than in the unilateral occlusion group, even 12 months after surgery. Masticatory efficiency of the glossectomy group was significantly higher 12 months after surgery compared with pre-surgery. Masticatory and eating abilities of the marginal mandibulectomy group and the segmental mandibulectomy were reduced at 3 and 6 months after surgery. The masticatory efficiency 12 months after surgery was higher in the marginal mandibulectomy group than the segmental mandibulectomy group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The self assessed eating ability 12 months after surgery was significantly higher in the marginal mandibulectomy group than the segmental mandibulectomy group. These results suggest that discontinuation of the mandible may lead patients to eat only foods that do not require a substantial amount of chewing. Hence, the quality of life of patients in the marginal mandibulectomy group was considered to be better than that in the segmental mandibulectomy group.     

重量法测量121 例正常(牙合)错(牙合)咀嚼效能的研究

目的:比较正常不同年龄、性别的咀嚼效能;正常与错不同年龄、性别咀嚼效能的差异。方法:重量法分别测算出121例11~16岁及21~25岁正常牙合与错牙合咀嚼值。121例中48例正常牙合,73例包括上颌前突、前牙反、拥挤在内的错。用SPSS10.0统计软件的独立样本t检验(2样本资料的均数比较,即成组t检验)对有关组分别进行比较。结果:21~25岁男女正常平均咀嚼值之间,男性咀嚼值远远高于女性的咀嚼值,P=0.000,有高度显著性差异;不同年龄咀嚼值的差异在男性表现明显:21~25岁男性正常的平均咀嚼值明显高于11~16岁男性正常牙合的平均咀嚼值,P<0.01,差异有高度显著性;11~16岁男性中前牙反的平均咀嚼值低于正常的平均咀嚼值,P<0.05,差异有显著性;21~25岁女性中上颌前突的平均咀嚼值比正常的平均咀嚼高,P<0.05,有显著性差异;21~25岁女性中前牙拥挤的平均咀嚼值比正常的平均咀嚼值高,P<0.05,有显著性差异。结论:青年男性咀嚼效能远远高于女性的咀嚼效能;青年男性正常咀嚼效能明显高于青少年男性正常牙合的咀嚼效能;青少年男性前牙反的咀嚼效能低于青少年男性正常的咀嚼效能;青年女性中上颌前突和拥挤的咀嚼效能高于正常的咀嚼效能。     

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目的探讨安氏Ⅱ’错袷上颌单颌拔牙矫治前后咀嚼效率的变化。方法选择2006-2009年在广东省河源市人民医院口腔正畸科就诊的安氏Ⅱ’错矜患者30例为试验组,采用过筛称重法测量治疗过程中咀嚼效率变化,同时以30名个别正常学生袷作为对照组,比较咀嚼效率差异。结果矫治后即刻拆除矫治器时的咀嚼效率与矫治前的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;保持6个月后咀嚼效率明显提高,仅略低于对照组（P〉0．05）,其与矫治后即刻相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但与矫治前相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论上颌单颌拔牙矫治安氏Ⅱ＇错袷能改善咀嚼肌功能,经一段时间的适应后咀嚼效率接近正常袷。     

第一前磨牙缺失对咀嚼功能影响的观察

目的 观察单侧第一前磨牙缺失对咀嚼效率的影响程度.方法 采用花生米过筛称重法测出39例正畸患者减数拔除一侧第一前磨牙前后的口腔咀嚼效率.采用Spss16.0统计软件检验单侧前磨牙缺失对咀嚼效率的影响.结果 拔牙前后咀嚼效率的配对t检验P＞0.05,无显著性差异.结论 单侧前磨牙缺失对咀嚼功能无显著影响,咀嚼效率受功...     

Changes in masticatory function after orthognathic treatment in patients with mandibular prognathism.

Changes in masticatory function were measured in 27 patients in whom mandibular prognathism was corrected surgically. The mean value of masticatory efficiency before treatment was 46% of that of control subjects with normal occlusion. It improved, but remained at 60% of the control value postoperatively. Similar changes were seen in the number and area of occlusal contacts and the integrated muscle activities of the masseter and temporalis on the chewing side, but the postoperative improvement in masticatory efficiency was mainly the result of improvement in masseter activity. The mean values of masticatory cycle variables in the patient group did not differ significantly from those of the controls. Their preoperative mean coefficients of variation, which were significantly higher than those of the controls, decreased significantly postoperatively. These results suggest that the stability of masticatory rhythm was improved by orthognathic surgery.     

First molar cross‐bite is more closely associated with a reverse chewing cycle than anterior or pre‐molar cross‐bite during mastication

A posterior cross‐bite is defined as an abnormal bucco‐lingual relationship between opposing molars, pre‐molars or both in centric occlusion. Although it has been reported that patients with unilateral posterior cross‐bite often show unique chewing patterns, the relationship between the form of cross‐bite and masticatory jaw movement remains unclear in adult patients. The objective of this study was to investigate masticatory jaw movement among different forms of cross‐bite. One hundred and one adults were recruited in this study: 27 had unilateral first molar cross‐bite (MC group); 28, unilateral pre‐molar cross‐bite (PC group); 23, anterior cross‐bite (AC group); and 23, normal occlusion (control group). Masticatory jaw movement of the lower incisor point was recorded with six degrees of freedom jaw‐tracking system during unilateral mastication. Our results showed that the reverse chewing ratio during deliberate unilateral mastication was significantly larger in the MC group than in the PA (P < 0·001), AC (P < 0·001) and control (P < 0·001) groups. These findings suggest that compared to the anterior or pre‐molar cross‐bite, the first molar cross‐bite is more closely associated with a higher prevalence of a reverse chewing cycle.     

Impaired occlusion is the main etiological factor in the occurrence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction

A homogeneous group of 104 subjects aged 21-34 years was examined. Forty-nine (47%) subjects (study group) presented with symptoms of abnormalities of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint, 58 subjects (53%) without such symptoms were controls. Clinical examination was carried out with evaluation of occlusion, Angle's [correction of Engle's] class, and analysis of dental contacts in the oral cavity in different types of occlusion. Disorders of occlusion were detected in 31% of controls and in 73% patients in the study group. Disorders of occlusion correlated with the number of symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The detected super-contacts of teeth are the main etiological factors leading first to discoordination of the masticatory muscles and then to functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint.     

微机化力测定方法的建立及临床应用

目的：对传统的力测定进行改进，建立微机化力测定方法及临床应用。方法：本研究采用微机化力测定方法来测定正常天然牙及总义齿第一，二磨牙的最大力。结果：在正常自然牙及总义齿受试者中，上颌第一磨牙的最大力大于第二磨牙，男性大于女性，最大力时限及最大力速率是与最大力有关的重要参数。结论本方法的建立可自动实时测定义齿及自然牙的力并描记力—时间曲线。力是反映咀嚼功能的重要指标之一。