活动性肺结核血液流变学变化及临床意义

本文比较观察了40例活动性肺结核患者和36例正常人血液流变学指标.结果表明活动性肺结核患者全血粘度、血浆粘度、血小板粘附率明显升高(P相似文献   

自血光量子疗法辅助治疗难治性肺结核64例疗效分析

本文报道用量子血疗法辅助治疗64例难治性肺结核的疗效分析。显效23.44％,总有效率93.3l％。对其中42例进行自血光量子治疗前后8项血液流变学指标检测,其中全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、还原粘度、红细胞电泳时间、纤维蛋白原、血沉、血沉方程K值均有显著差异(P<0.01),结合有关资料进行疗效分析,讨论该疗法在治疗中的作用和机理。     

血脂与血液流变性的关系及其对高血压的影响

目的:探讨血脂与血液流变性的关系及对高血压患者血压的影响。方法:测定482例高血压病患者和100例健康人血压(SBP、DBP),Cho-C、TG、apoA、apoB、LDL-C、HDL-C以及血液流变学指标,进行统计学分析。结果:高血压组Cho-C与全血低切粘度、ESR、血沉方程K值、红细胞电泳时间呈明显正相关(P<0.05~0.01);TG与全血低切粘度、全血中切粘度、ESR、血沉方程K值、SBP、DBP呈明显正相关;全血粘度、红细胞聚集指数(EAI)、红细胞电泳时间与DBP呈明显正相关(P<0.05);全血中切粘度、全血低切粘度与SBP呈明显正相关(P<0.01)。结论:高血脂和高血粘与高血压的关系非常密切。血脂和血液粘度异常与高血压相互影响,互为因果,形成恶性循环。     

031 肺心病的血液流变学研究

目的: 研究肺心病血液高粘滞的成因及自体血液体外紫外线照射充氧后再输回对肺心病的治疗作用. 方法: 对本院确诊的37例慢性肺心病患者血液的流动性、红细胞变形性、聚集性及血液的凝固性等19项指标综合观测与健康人群对照. 并对肺心病患者用自体血液体外照射充氧后回输治疗. 结果: 发现肺心病患者血液呈高粘滞状态, 全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、全血高切还原粘度、全血低切还原粘度、血浆粘度、血浆纤维蛋白原含量、红细胞聚集指数、血栓长度、血栓湿重、血栓干重、卡森屈服值. 均较健康组有明显差异(P<0.05～0.01). 采用常规综合治疗加自身血体外紫外线照射充氧后回输治疗, 住院后每周作一次, 最多连作三次, 至血液流变学指标正常或接近正常时单用常规综合治疗, 每次自血光疗前后及停止自血光疗后第二或第三周均作血液流变学和血气分析, 最后一次结果与治疗前作自身对照. 发现, 全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、全血低切还原粘度、红细胞聚集指数、血浆纤维蛋白原含量下降极明显(P<0.001), 卡森屈服值、血浆粘度下降非常显著(P<0.01). 红细胞压积、红细胞电泳时间降低显著(P<0.05). 结论: 血液流变学检测对肺心病诊断、病性判断、疗效监测和预防有重要意义, 肺心病患者自体血液体外紫外线照射充氧后再回输可降低血液的粘滞性、凝固性、红细胞聚集性, 提高红细胞变形能力. 提示: 自体血体外紫外线照射充氧的再回输治疗慢性肺心病血液高粘滞血症值得进一步探讨和推广.     

高脂血症患者血液流变学、血小板聚集的探讨

本文对420例高脂血症患者进行血液流变学和血小板聚集功能的测定。结果表明,老年前期和老年期的高脂血症患者,全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、血沉、血沉方程K值、红细胞电泳、纤维蛋白原、血小板最大聚集率和5分钟解聚率与血脂正常者比较,除红细胞压积差异显著(P<0.05)外,其余差异均为极显著(P<0.01);青中年高脂血症患者与血脂正常者比较,低切变全血粘度、红细胞电泳、血小板最大聚集率差异显著(P<0.01)。说明高脂血症造成血液高粘、高凝、高聚状态,尤其是高血脂老年,血液流变学、血小板聚集的指标改变更为严重。     

心脑血管病105例血液流变学分析

本文对105例心脑血管病(高血压、冠心病、脑血栓形成、心肌梗塞)进行了血液流变学检查,测定了全血比粘度、红细胞压积、血沉、血浆比粘度、红细胞电泳、血小板电泳与纤维蛋白原七项指标,结果显示:冠心病与高血压患者全血比粘度均值明显高于正常人,血浆比粘度以冠心病组增高最明显,红细胞压积以高血压组     

低能量He-Ne激光血管内照射治疗高粘滞血症70例分析

应用低能量He-Ne激光血管内照射法(ILIB)治疗高粘滞血症(BHS)70例,并进行甲襞微循环和血液流变学检测。结果:治疗后全血粘度(低切、高切)、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数、红细胞刚性指数、血沉、血沉方程K值、全血还原粘度和甲襞微循环积分改善均非常显著(P<0.05～0.001)。提示ILIB对改善BHS有良效。     

低氧对食管癌病人血液流变学指标的影响

目的：本文观察了低氧引起的癌症患者血液流变学参数的变化。结果表明：全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、全血还原比粘度、血沉值低氧组略低于对照组；红细胞电泳时间、纤维蛋白元值低氧组略高于对照组，但均无明显差异；血沉方程K值低氧组明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）。这些结果提示，佩戴低氧呼吸装置所产生的短时间急性缺氧，不会对人体血液流变学产生明显影响。     

自血光量子治疗脑梗塞的血液流变学观察

检测37例脑梗塞患者经自血光量子治疗前后血液流变学指标变化,发现治疗后全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原、全血还原粘度、红细胞电泳时间,血小板粘附率7项指标均有明显下降,与治疗前相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。治疗后临床症状及体征明显改善。提示自血光量子治疗可有效地降低血粘度,改善血液的凝固性和聚集性,是目前治疗脑梗塞的一种有用的方法。     

视网膜动脉阻塞患者血液流变性变化分析

目的:探讨视网膜动脉阻塞(RAO)患者血液流变性变化。方法:用血液流变学技术和方法测定RAO患者(RAO组,男20例,女10例)血液流变学8项指标,经与健康对照组(男、女各30例)比较后,再行不同性别RAO患者血流变指标分析。结果:RAO组全血表观粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。血沉和血沉方程K值无明显差异(P>0.05)。男性RAO患者全血表观粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积和血沉显著高于女性患者(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:血液流变学指标异常升高可能在RAO中起重要作用。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Environmental risk factors and their role in the management of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: The etiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial with interaction between genetics, immune and environmental factors.

Areas covered: We review the role of prenatal exposures, irritants and pruritogens, pathogens, climate factors, including temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, outdoor and indoor air pollutants, tobacco smoke exposure, water hardness, urban vs. rural living, diet, breastfeeding, probiotics and prebiotics on AD.

Expert commentary: The increased global prevalence of AD cannot be attributed to genetics alone, suggesting that evolving environmental exposures may trigger and/or flare disease in predisposed individuals. There is a complex interplay between different environmental factors, including individual use of personal care products and exposure to climate, pollution, food and other exogenous factors. Understanding these complex risk factors is crucial to developing targeted interventions to prevent the disease in millions. Moreover, patients require counseling on optimal regimens for minimization of exposure to irritants and pruritogens and other harmful exposures.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA genes in Amerindians from Mexico San Vicente Tancuayalab Teenek/Huastecos

Huastecos or Teenek Amerindians are presently living at North East Mexico (San Luis Potosi State). They have probably one of the most ancient culture of Mexico and Central America together with Mayas and Olmec groups with which also show close relationships. Proximity to Atlantic Ocean/Mexican Gulf originated that Spaniards had very early contact with them at about 1519 CE or before. In the present paper we have aimed to study HLA gene profile which may be useful for HLA and disease epidemiology and transplant programs in Teeneks. HLA-DRB1*04:07, -DRB1*14:06 and -DRB1*04:11 have been found in high frequency like in other Amerindian groups. High frequency typical Amerindians HLA extended haplotypes have been found, such as A*02-B*35-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; A*68-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 and A*02-B*39-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02; also new haplotypes have been described, like A*02-B*52-DRB1*04:11-DQB1*03:02, A*68-B*35-DRB1*14:02-DQB1*03:01 and A*68-B*40-DRB1*16:02-DQB1*03:01. Genetic proximity is observed not only to linguistically close Mayans, but also to Mazatecans, Mixtecans and Zapotecans, who speak an altogether different languages; it shows once more that genes and languages do not correlate. This population was greatly diminished after European contact between 1500 and 1600 years CE; in fact, North and South America First Inhabitants population was brought from 80 down to 8 million people because of diseases (i.e.: measles, smallpox or influenza), slavery and war.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.