考虑尺寸效应的聚合物血管支架力学性能

目的 研究考虑尺寸效应的聚合物血管支架力学性能,分析支架结构对支架力学性能和支架变形过程中尺寸效应的影响规律,为支架的结构设计提供理论依据。 方法 建立考虑尺寸效应的聚乳酸的 Cosserat 理论模型,并结合有限元法,通过三点弯和平板压获得支架弯曲刚度和径向刚度,进一步分析支架筋厚和筋宽、支撑单元曲率半径和轴向间距对支架径向支撑性能和尺寸效应的影响规律。 结果 聚合物血管支架在弯曲和压缩过程中均存在明显的尺寸效应现象;支架径向刚度与支撑单元曲率半径和轴向间距均呈负相关,与筋厚和筋宽均呈正相关;支撑单元曲率半径、轴向间距以及支架筋厚和筋宽越小,聚合物血管支架压缩过程中的尺寸效应越大。 结论 支架的径向支撑性能主要由结构的刚度决定,并受支架变形过程中尺寸效应的影响;支架几何结构的特征尺寸越小、支架弯扭变形的程度越大,则尺寸效应越明显,对支架径向支撑性能的增幅越大。     

新型球扩式锥形血管支架的径向支撑力学行为

目的 探求支架锥度和连接筋形式对支架支撑性能的影响规律,为锥形支架的结构设计和临床选择提供重要的科学依据。方法 通过构建新型球囊扩张式锥形血管支架径向支撑性能的非线性有限元模型,采用平面压缩法分析血管支架在不同支架锥度(0°、0.565°、1.13°)和支架连接体结构形式(V、I、C、S、M型)下的支架径向刚度和应力分布规律,研究血管支架结构设计和其径向支撑性能之间的关系。结果 0°、0.565°、1.13°支架径向刚度分别为2.51、1.61、0.85 N/mm, 0.565°、1.13°支架分别比0°支架(圆直支架)下降了35.86%和66.14%;除了C型连接体支架径向刚度为1.48 N/mm外,I、M、S、V型连接体支架的径向刚度相差不大,分别为2.51、2.61、2.41、2.52 N/mm,表明这4种连接体支架在径向抗压缩性能上几乎相同。结论 相比于传统的圆直支架,锥形支架的径向刚度会减小,且随着锥度增加,支架的径向刚度会逐渐降低;在研究的所有支架类型中,除了C型连接体支架的径向刚度较差外,其余连接体形状对支架的径向刚度影响甚微。在不改变支架连接筋形式的情况下,通过降低锥形...     

波峰数目对Z型覆膜支架生物力学性能影响

目的分析Z型覆膜支架波峰数目对覆膜支架生物力学性能,尤其对径向支撑性能及柔顺性影响,为Z型覆膜支架设计以及临床选择提供理论支持。方法通过有限元方法,建立4种不同波峰数目(5、8、10、12)的Z型覆膜支架有限元模型,分别施加径向位移载荷和绕z轴40°转动变量以完成压握和弯折的模拟,并提取支架应力、径向支撑力、覆膜应变、横截面变形程度及弯矩作为评价参数。结果相比波峰数目较多的覆膜支架,压握过程中5波峰覆膜支架具有最大的径向力,提供良好的径向支性能;5波峰覆膜支架在弯折模拟中产生了68 N·mm的最小力矩及67.5%的最小弯折横截面变形程度,并且在弯曲过程中覆膜的拉伸应变较小。结论 Z型覆膜支架波峰数目对覆膜支架生物力学性能的影响显著。波峰数目相对较少的Z型覆膜支架在径向支撑性能及弯曲力矩、横截面形变程度等柔顺性评价方面表现出优势,有利于覆膜支架在血管内的固定贴合,对减少血栓和内漏等并发症具有积极意义。研究结果可以指导Z型覆膜支架优化设计及手术最优选择。     

球囊扩张式冠脉支架生物力学性能研究

研究具有不同连接筋的冠状动脉支架的力学性能,为支架的设计开发以及介入治疗提供更加科学的指导.采用Solid Works建立3种不同连接筋的支架模型(根据连接筋的形状分别称为W-支架、S-支架和L-支架,压握壳以及球囊模型),使用Hypermesh软件完成模型的网格划分,应用ABAQUS软件模拟分析了径向回弹、轴向缩短,扩张不均匀性以及径向支撑刚度和柔顺性,并结合径向均匀加载和“四点弯曲”测量技术的径向支撑刚度和弯曲刚度的测试方法验证了数值模拟的合理性.结果表明:3种支架的各项力学性能都在安全范围内;相对而言,S-支架的支撑强度较大,支撑刚度为3.34 N/mm,容易造成局部血管壁的损伤;L-支架的轴向缩短率较大,为8.25％,不利于支架在血管病变部位的正确定位;S-支架和L-支架的弯曲刚度分别为:17.74 N/rad和18.00 N/rad,它们的柔顺性较差.3种支架的力学性能各有优缺点,其中W-支架的综合力学性能相对较好,这在临床上为选用支架提供良好的参考依据.     

桥接系统混棒与双棒结构治疗股骨及胫骨骨折的生物力学特点

文题释义： 桥接系统双棒与混棒结构：桥接系统双棒结构类似于锁定钢板，固定骨折方式为平行一侧骨面的偏心固定，但偏心固定可能导致纵向上固定减弱及横向上抗扭转降低，骨折端固定不牢靠而使骨折不易愈合，甚至内固定疲劳失效。桥接系统混棒结构为一根单棒固定骨折后，在其径向90°或135°处固定另一根单棒，实现非平面整体、立体固定，骨折端纵向上坚强固定，横向上抗疲劳性能强。 轴向压缩与径向扭转实验：轴向压缩实验是以3 mm/min的速度向模型两端施加轴向压力，观察轴向压缩屈曲载荷与骨折端位移的变化；径向扭转实验是以2 r/min的速度径向旋转，观察横向扭矩与角度变化。轴向压缩实验主要观察纵向上骨折端稳定程度，径向扭转实验主要观察横向上抗疲劳性能。 背景：桥接系统双棒结构为偏心固定，术后可能导致纵向上固定减弱及横向上抗扭转降低。 目的：比较桥接组合式内固定系统混棒与双棒结构治疗股骨及胫骨骨折的生物力学特性。 方法：以40根短聚甲醛材料配对模拟人体长骨骨干模型20个，其中10个以桥接组合式内固定系统混棒结构固定(混棒结构组)，另10个以桥接组合式内固定系统双棒结构固定(双棒结构组)，对2组分别进行轴向压缩实验和径向扭转实验(每种实验各选择每组5个模型)，观察2组的轴向压缩力与位移情况，以及横向扭转力与角度变化，记录各组曲线出现折点或趋于水平状态时的载荷即最大载荷，并计算屈服载荷。 结果与结论：①当轴向压缩屈服载荷≤2 000 N、产生相同位移时，混棒结构组所需轴向压缩屈服载荷大于双棒结构组；当轴向压缩屈服载荷>2 000 N、产生相同位移时，双棒结构组所需轴向压缩屈服载荷大于混棒结构组，并且双棒结构组最大轴向压缩屈服载荷大于混棒结构组[(2 420.60±5.67)，(2 721.40±5.80)N，t=-82.885，P=0]；②当径向扭转屈服载荷≤50 N•m、产生相同角度时，混棒结构组所需的扭矩小于双棒结构组；当径向扭转屈服载荷>50 N•m、产生相同角度时，混棒结构组所需扭矩大于双棒结构组，并且混棒结构组最大径向扭转屈服载荷大于双棒结构组 [(101.85±2.97)，(85.41±2.82)N•m，t=8.985，P=0]；③结果说明，桥接系统混棒与双棒结构纵向上均可坚强固定骨折，但混棒结构固定骨折更稳定、牢靠，更容易促使骨折愈合；混棒结构横向上固定骨折后，骨折端容易产生微动，符合弹性固定，并且最大抗扭转力及抗疲劳性能优于双棒结构，可防止因横向不稳定造成的桥接系统断裂。 ORCID: 0000-0002-0608-5303(汪亮) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

3岁儿童C4-C5颈椎有限元模型开发及拉伸、弯曲验证

基于CT扫描,建立具有精确骨骼几何及详细椎间盘解剖学结构的3岁儿童C4-C5颈椎段有限元模型;参考成人颈部生物材料实验数据及相关成人与对比研究结果,采用缩放方法计算得到3岁儿童颈部组织材料参数;分别在准静态、动态拉伸以及准静态弯曲-伸展、侧向弯曲及轴向旋转载荷条件下,对模型进行验证。结果显示,准静态拉伸刚度为211.8 N/mm,动态拉伸最终失效力为759.9 N,最终失效位移为5.08 mm,均与实验值吻合良好;准静态伸展、弯曲、侧向弯曲及轴向旋转运动范围分别为9.75°、9.29°、3.79°和7.04°,均在实验基准数据允许的误差范围内,吻合良好。结论表明:该模型能较好地反映3岁儿童C4-C5颈椎段在准静态、动态拉伸以及准静态弯曲-伸展、侧向弯曲和轴向旋转载荷下的生物力学特性,具有较高的生物逼真度。     

2~5掌指关节屈伸活动中关节面应力分布的有限元分析

目的　建立掌指关节三维有限元模型,分析掌指关节屈伸活动中掌指关节面应力分布情况。 方法　健康男性志愿者1名,对其右手掌指关节分别于0°、30°、60°、90°屈曲位进行CT扫描,利用扫描数据建立掌指关节三维有限元模型;于4个角度沿指骨径向分别施以10、20、30、40、50 N荷载,观察掌指关节应力分布,并对结果进行分析。 结果　4组不同弯曲角度的掌指关节网格模型节点数量、单元数量基本相同,每组模型约40070个节点,178903个四面体单元。相同载荷作用下,弯曲的角度越大,各掌指关节面的应力越大。在实现0°、30°、60°、90°屈曲过程中,2~5掌指关节掌骨头应力峰值变化范围分别为0.20~2.46、0.22~1.58、0.22~1.69、0.22~2.25 Mpa。 结论　掌指关节屈伸过程中,弯曲的角度越大,掌指关节面的接触应力越大,其应力分布范围亦增大。     

锁定加压接骨板固定股骨近端假体周围骨折的生物力学分析

目的评价锁定加压接骨板(locking compression plate,LCP)固定股骨近端假体周围骨折(periprosthetic proximal femur fracture,PPFF)的生物力学强度。方法采用LCP和倒置股骨远端微创锁定接骨板(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)分别固定8对左、右配对的Vancouver B1型成人尸体PPFF标本,假体柄对应长度的股骨分别采用4枚双层皮质锁定螺钉固定(LCP组)和4枚单层皮质锁定螺钉固定(LISS组),骨折远端均采用4枚双层皮质锁定螺钉固定,两种接骨板使用锁定螺钉的螺孔距骨折端的距离相等。通过4点弯曲试验和扭转试验,对比分析两组的最大弯曲载荷、最大弯曲位移、抗弯刚度、最大扭矩、最大扭转角度和抗扭转刚度。结果 LCP组最大弯曲载荷、最大弯曲位移和抗弯刚度均大于LISS组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LCP组最大扭矩、最大扭转角度和抗扭转刚度均大于LISS组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 LCP抗扭转刚度明显优于LISS,对PPFF固定的力学稳定性更好。     

纵向生理加压外固定器的生物力学分析

背景：目前骨外固定器大多为刚性结构,对骨折端存在过多的应力遮挡,影响骨折愈合速度及骨痂质量,甚至骨折发生不愈合。 目的：观察纵向生理加压外固定器固定胫骨中段横断骨折后与人体正常胫骨生物力学强度的差异。 方法：选取12根新鲜胫骨标本随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组分别用线锯造成胫骨中段横断骨折,纵向生理加压外固定器固定;对照组即正常胫骨。分别进行轴向载荷、弯曲载荷、扭转载荷作用下的力学实验,记录每一级加载后胫骨的位移及扭转角度,计算出轴向压缩刚度、弯曲刚度及扭转刚度。 结果与结论：在生理范围内加载下,试验左右应变略大于对照组,但其固定后整体刚度与对照组无显著性差异(P > 0.05);试验组的弯曲应变大于对照组,但其整体刚度与对照组无显著性差异(P > 0.05);两组整体扭转刚度无明显差异(P > 0.05);试验组极限弯曲载荷明显大于对照组(P < 0.05)。提示纵向生理加压外固定器能够达到足够的生物力学强度,有良好的稳定性,对骨折能起到生物学固定。     

基于非对称孔结构的高性能血管支架设计

目的 设计一种新型高性能血管支架,使其能够在保证足够径向刚度的前提下减小支架厚度及金属覆盖率,并具有较好的轴向柔顺性,以达到减少支架内再狭窄的目的。方法 基于对称结构孔及非对称孔结构变形能力的研究,通过数值模拟方法对支架结构进行分析设计,并利用实验方法对加工后的支架进行径向刚度及弯曲刚度的测试。结果 新的支架结构具有较高的径向刚度、较小的金属覆盖率和较好的轴向柔顺性,对减少支架内再狭窄的产生具有一定意义。结论 基于非对称孔结构的支架设计方法是有效的,并且能够借此设计出高性能的血管支架结构。     

生物陶瓷膜先天性心脏病封堵器与普通镍钛合金封堵器的比较：随机对照

背景：研究表明普通镍钛合金先天性心脏病封堵器镍钛合金表面钝化膜可被破坏,在复杂的机体内环境中其内部镍离子释放使血镍增高,导致封堵器的组织相容性恶化。 目的：评价新型生物陶瓷膜先天性心脏病封堵器的安全性与有效性。 方法：先天性心脏病患者110例,其中房间隔缺损46 例,室间隔缺损32例,动脉导管未闭32 例。按手术先后顺序进行区组随机分组,两组病例各占一半,实验组置入陶瓷膜封堵器CeraTM,对照组置入普通镍钛合金封堵器HeartRTM,术后 24 h,1,3,6,12个月随访观察并发症的发生及心功能改变,包括临床体格检查,经胸超声心动图,心电图以及胸片结果。 结果与结论：对照组1 例房间隔缺损置入后20 h封堵器脱落,实验组1 例房间隔缺损封堵失败,其余患者均成功置入封堵器。置入两种不同封堵器患者在血流动力学资料改善,术中导管操作数据,残余分流率,并发症发生率,减少心脏超容量负荷,改善肺血增多等方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。说明生物陶瓷膜先心病封堵器临床疗效及安全性与普通镍钛合金封堵器无差异。     

Axial and transverse stiffness measures of cochlear outer hair cells suggest a common mechanical basis

 The function of the hearing organ is based on mechanical processes occurring at the cellular level. The mechanical properties of guinea-pig isolated sensory cells were investigated using two different techniques. The stiffness of the outer hair cells along the longitudinal axis was measured by compressing the cell body using stiffness-calibrated quartz fibres. For cells with a mean length of 69 μm, the mean axial compression stiffness was 1.1±0.8 mN/m (±SD). There was an inverse relation between stiffness and cell length. The stiffness of the cell membrane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sensory cell was measured by indenting the cell membrane with a known force. The mean lateral indentation stiffness was 3.3±1.5 mN/m (±SD) for cells with a mean length of 64 μm. Longer cells were less stiff than short cells. Modelling the hair cell as a shell with bending resistance, finite element calculations demonstrated that the axial compression stiffness correlated well with the lateral indentation stiffness, and that a simple isotropic model is sufficient to explain the experimental observations despite the different stress strain states produced by the two techniques. The results imply that the two different stiffness properties may originate from the same cytoskeletal structures. It is suggested that the mechanical properties of the outer hair cells are designed to influence the sound-induced motion of the reticular lamina. In such a system, stiffness changes of the outer hair cell bodies could actively control the efficiency of the mechanical coupling between the basilar membrane and the important mechanoelectrical transduction sites at the surface of the hearing organ. Received: 12 June 1997/Received after revision: 13 November 1997/Accepted: 19 January 1998     

猪胸主动脉血管各向异性力学性能的实验研究

目的 研究猪胸主动脉血管各向异性的力学特性。 方法 收集21条猪胸主动脉血管并分成3组。沿每条血管的轴向剖开并展成平面,以展开后血管的长方向（即血管轴向）0°为起始角,逆时针方向分别切取30°、 45°、 60°、90°、120°、 135°、 150°、180° 8个角度方向的样本。以1、5、10 mm/min的加载速率分别对3组样本进行单轴拉伸测试,以获得血管样本在8个不同方向及3种加载速率下的弹性模量和极限应力。 结果 不同角度样本的应力 应变曲线呈现出不同的黏弹性行为;随着样本角度的变化,从30°开始,弹性模量逐渐增大,到90°时弹性模量最大,然后逐渐减小,直到180°;极限应力与弹性模量的变化规律基本一致。不同加载速率对弹性模量和极限应力的结果具有明显的影响,但对血管的各向异性度影响较小。结论 猪主动脉血管呈现较强的各向异性,研究结果为有限元分析建模中材料属性的赋值提供参数参考,对理解血管生物力学特性具有重要的意义。     

Novel Biodegradable Polycaprolactone Occlusion Device Combining Nanofibrous PLGA/Collagen Membrane for Closure of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

The purpose of this report was to develop novel biodegradable occlusion devices for closure of atrial septal defects (ASD). To manufacture the biodegradable occluders, polycaprolactone (PCL) components were first fabricated by a lab-scale micro-injection molding machine. They were then assembled and hot-spot welded into double umbrella-like devices of 50 mm in diameter. A special mechanism at the axis of the occluder was designed to self-lock the occluder after the two umbrellas were expanded. Furthermore, a nanofibrous matrix of poly-d-l-lactide-glycolide (PLGA)/type I collagen blend was produced via electrospinning to develop biodegradable and biomimetic anti-shunt membranes for the occluders. Characterization of the biodegradable PCL occluders was carried out. PCL occluders exhibited mechanical properties comparable to that of commercially available Amplatzer occluders. The sealing capability of biodegradable occluders was found superior to that of Amplatzer occluders. In addition, the cell attachment and spreading of endothelial cells seeded on the PLGA/collagen nanofibrous matrix and the interaction between cells and PLGA/collagen nanofibers were studied. The nanofibrous membranes made of PLGA/collagen were very effective in promoting cell proliferation during culture.     

微创肛瘘封堵器的结构设计与实验研究

目的 设计一种适用于肛瘘内口闭合手术的封堵器,研究封堵器的结构设计以及植入物与组织的相互作用,评估内口封堵性能。 方法 对封堵器进行整体结构设计与样机制作;建立封堵有限元模型,研究封堵过程中组织的应力分布及损伤面积;搭建组织穿刺实验平台对仿真模型及结果进行验证;搭建拔出力实验平台对内口封堵效果进行评估。 结果 封堵过程中,进给机构的最大扭矩为 36 mN·m,组织的最大应力为 19. 75 MPa,其损伤面积为1. 35 cm2。 有限元理论模型与实验结果基本吻合,最大拔出力达到 5. 11 N。 结论 封堵过程中的组织损伤面积满足肛瘘的微创治疗要求。 本文设计的微创肛瘘封堵器可实现内口的有效封堵,有助于医生更加便捷、快速、有效地完成肛瘘的微创手术。     

The orthotropic elastic properties of fibrolamellar bone tissue in juvenile white‐tailed deer femora

Fibrolamellar bone is a transient primary bone tissue found in fast‐growing juvenile mammals, several species of birds and large dinosaurs. Despite the fact that this bone tissue is prevalent in many species, the vast majority of bone structural and mechanical studies are focused on human osteonal bone tissue. Previous research revealed the orthotropic structure of fibrolamellar bone, but only a handful of experiments investigated its elastic properties, mostly in the axial direction. Here we have performed for the first time an extensive biomechanical study to determine the elastic properties of fibrolamellar bone in all three orthogonal directions. We have tested 30 fibrolamellar bone cubes (2 × 2 × 2 mm) from the femora of five juvenile white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in compression. Each bone cube was compressed iteratively, within its elastic region, in the axial, transverse and radial directions, and bone stiffness (Young's modulus) was recorded. Next, the cubes were kept for 7 days at 4 °C and then compressed again to test whether bone stiffness had significantly deteriorated. Our results demonstrated that bone tissue in the deer femora has an orthotropic elastic behavior where the highest stiffness was in the axial direction followed by the transverse and the radial directions (21.6 ± 3.3, 17.6 ± 3.0 and 14.9 ± 1.9 Gpa, respectively). Our results also revealed a slight non‐significant decrease in bone stiffness after 7 days. Finally, our sample size allowed us to establish that population variance was much bigger in the axial direction than the radial direction, potentially reflecting bone adaptation to the large diversity in loading activity between individuals in the loading direction (axial) compared with the normal (radial) direction. This study confirms that the mechanically well‐studied human transverse‐isotropic osteonal bone is just one possible functional adaptation of bone tissue and that other vertebrate species use an orthotropic bone tissue structure which is more suitable for their mechanical requirements.     

A Novel Shape Memory Alloy Annuloplasty Ring for Minimally Invasive Surgery: Design,Fabrication, and Evaluation

A novel annuloplasty ring with a shape memory alloy core has been developed to facilitate minimally invasive mitral valve repair. In its activated (austenitic) phase, this prototype ring has comparable mechanical properties to commercial semi-rigid rings. In its pre-activated (martensitic) phase, this ring is flexible enough to be introduced through an 8-mm trocar and easily manipulated with robotic instruments within the confines of a left atrial model. The core is constructed of 0.50 mm diameter NiTi, which is maintained below its martensitic transition temperature (24 °C) during deployment and suturing. After suturing, the ring is heated above its austenitic transition temperature (37 °C, normal human body temperature) enabling the NiTi core to attain its optimal geometry and stiffness characteristics indefinitely. This article summarizes the design, fabrication, and evaluation of this prototype ring. Experimental results suggest that the NiTi core ring could be a viable alternative to flexible bands in robot-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve repair.     

Combined effects of different heat treatments and Cu element on transformation behavior of NiTi orthodontic wires

The shape memory nickel-titanium alloy has been applied in many fields due to its unique thermal and mechanical performance. One of the successful applications of NiTi wires is in orthodontics because of its good characteristics such as low stiffness, high spring back, high stored energy, biocompatibility, superelasticity and shape memory effect. The mechanical properties of wires are paid special attention which results in achieving continuous optimal forces and eventually causing rapid tooth movement without any damage. The behavior of the alloy can be controlled by chemical composition and thermo-mechanical treatment during the manufacturing process. In this study two kinds of commercial superelastic NiTi archwires of 0.41 mm diameter were investigated: Copper NiTi and Highland Metal. The chemical analysis of both wires was estimated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was showed that Copper NiTi wire contained copper and chromium. The two types of wires were exposed to different heat treatment conditions at 400 and 500 °C for 10 and 60 min to compare the behavior of the wires at aged and as-received conditions. Phase transformation temperatures clarified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed B2 <--> R <--> B19 transformation in Highland Metal wire and B2 <--> B19(') transformation in Copper NiTi wire. Three point bending (TPB) tests in the certain designed fixture were performed at 37 °C to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the wires. The experimental results revealed the superelastic behavior of the Highland Metal wire after 60 min ageing at 400 and 500 °C and the plastic deformation of the Copper NiTi wire after annealing due to the effect of copper in the alloy composition.     

手掌骨折内外固定器之刚度比较

为了比较微型内固定器和微型外固定器的机械强度，本实验以材质均匀的枫木空管模拟手部小骨，植入（１）Ａｅｓｃｕｌａｐ微型外固定器（２）微型Ａ－Ｏ接骨板（３）交叉钢针及（４）自制骨水泥外固定器。并设计（１）横截断面（２）断面留２ｍｍ间隙及（３）４５°斜切来模拟稳定性骨折、不稳定性骨折及螺旋型骨折。在ＩＮＳＴＲＯＮ材料试验机分别做张力、扭力及弯曲负荷测试。实验资料经统计之变异数分析（ＡＮＯＶＡ）及成对资料分析（Ｔｕｋｅｙｐａｉｒｗｉｓｅｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎ），发现在不同的骨折断面中，张力刚度均以微型接骨板最好（Ｐ＜０．００１）。侧弯刚度以置放在背面的微型接骨板最好。在稳定和不稳定骨折时，扭力刚度以Ａｅｓｃｕｌａｐ的微型外固定器最好（Ｐ＜０．０１），但在４５°斜切断面时，扭力刚度以微型接骨板最好（Ｐ＜０．００１）。在稳定性骨折时，微型接骨板（背面或侧面）与微型外固定器的前弯刚度较好，但没有明显差异。在不稳定性骨折和４５°斜切时，前弯刚度以侧面骨板和微型外固定器较好。除了扭力刚度以外，Ａｅｓｃｕｌａｐ微型外固定器和自制骨水泥外固定器并无明显差异。而如预期的，交叉钢针的机械强度是最弱的（Ｐ＜０．０１...更多）。